Dental Anatomy Introduction PDF

DENTAL ANATOMY / DR. MONA DENEWAR Introduction to dental anatomy Oral morphology: It includes the external morphology and internal composition of the individual teeth, the relationship of the teeth to each other and to the skull. ✓ The teeth are arrange...

DENTAL ANATOMY / DR. MONA DENEWAR Introduction to dental anatomy Oral morphology: It includes the external morphology and internal composition of the individual teeth, the relationship of the teeth to each other and to the skull. ✓ The teeth are arranged in upper and lower arches. ✓ Those teeth in the upper arch are termed maxillary teeth; while the teeth in the lower arch are termed mandibular teeth. ✓ The imaginary vertical line which divides each arch, into two approximately equal halves, is the midline. ✓ The two approximately equal portions of each arch divided by the midline are termed quadrants, since there are four in the entire mouth. ✓ They are termed: Maxillary (upper) right and left, Mandibular (lower) right and left.  DENTAL ANATOMY / DR. MONA DENEWAR Types of teeth: 1- Incisors: The incisors are the two teeth of each quadrant, which are closest to the midline. They are named central and lateral incisors. Functions: biting, cutting, incising and shearing. There are four incisors per arch, and a total of eight in the mouth. 2- Canines: The canine is one in each quadrant and called a cuspid. Functions: cutting, tearing, piercing, and holding. There are two canines per arch, and a total of four in the mouth. 3- Premolars: The premolars are two in each quadrant. They are termed first and second premolars. Functions: tearing, holding, and grinding. They are called bicuspids. There are four per arch, and eight total premolars.  DENTAL ANATOMY / DR. MONA DENEWAR 4- Molars: The molars are three in each quadrant. They are termed first, second, and third molars. Function: grinding. There are six permanent molars per arch, and twelve total permanent molars.  DENTAL ANATOMY / DR. MONA DENEWAR Types of Dentitions: 1- Deciduous dentition: The teeth of the first or primary dentition. They erupt into the mouth from about 6 months to 2.5-3 years of age. There are 20 total deciduous teeth. They also called milk teeth, baby teeth, and temporary teeth. They are 20 in number, 10 in each arch, 5 in each quadrant (2 Incisors, 1Canine and 2 Deciduous Molars). These teeth are called (Predecessors)  DENTAL ANATOMY / DR. MONA DENEWAR 2- Permanent dentition The teeth of the second or adult dentition. They erupt from 6-21 years of age with eruption of permanent 3rd molar (wisdom tooth). There are 32 permanent teeth, 16 per arch, 8 per quadrant. (2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars) They are termed first, second, and third molars. They are also called as succedaneous teeth/ secondary teeth as they replace or succeed the primary teeth. 20 deciduous teeth are replaced by 20 permanent teeth as follow: 2 deciduous Incisors are replaced by 2 permanent Incisors, 1 deciduous Canine is replaced by 1 permeant Canine, 2 deciduous Molars are replaced by 2 Premolars while the 3 Permanent Molars are not considered as a succedaneous teeth (no predecessors)  DENTAL ANATOMY / DR. MONA DENEWAR 3- Mixed dentition period: Mixed dentition is the period during which both deciduous and permanent teeth are present. st Starts with eruption of 1 permanent molar at 6 yrs. Ends at 12 yrs with the shedding of last deciduous tooth normally primary maxillary second molar.  DENTAL ANATOMY / DR. MONA DENEWAR Dental formula: A number and letter designation of the various types of teeth found in a dentition. It indicates the dentition of only one side of the mouth, but includes upper and lower teeth, so dental formula includes just half of the teeth Dental formula for Deciduous teeth Dental formula for Permanent teeth  DENTAL ANATOMY / DR. MONA DENEWAR Numbering system: It is used to serve as abbreviations instead of writing the entire name of a tooth. These symbols will let us know the tooth is either: ✓ Deciduous or permanent. Maxillary Maxillary ✓ Upper or lower. “Upper” “Upper” ✓ Right or left. Right Left ✓ The tooth name. There are 3 numbering or notation systems: A. Palmer numbering system. B. International (two digit) system. Mandibular Mandibular “Lower” “Lower” C. Universal numbering system. Right Left A-Palmer Notation system: The system used simple bracket to represent the four quadrants of the dentition. The permanent teeth are numbered from 1-8 on each side starting rd from midline. So, number 1 will be for central incisor, while 8 will be for 3 molar.  DENTAL ANATOMY / DR. MONA DENEWAR Deciduous teeth start also from midline. But for deciduous teeth we give alphabetic letters. From deciduous central incisor A, ending with deciduous second molar E. Each quadrant has only 5 teeth. B-International (two digit) system: ✓ The first number identifies the quadrant, and whether the tooth is permanent (1-4) or deciduous (5-8); starting from upper right side. ✓ The second number identifies the particular tooth in the quadrant, exactly like the Palmer notation method for permanent teeth (1-8). The deciduous teeth in each quadrant are numbered (1-5).  DENTAL ANATOMY / DR. MONA DENEWAR C- Universal numbering system: ✓ It employs a different number (1-32) in a consecutive arrangement for all permanent teeth, and a number-letter (ld-20d) for each of the deciduous teeth. ✓ The number is always preceded by the sign # to designate that the system is used for universal system. ✓ Permanent Teeth The universal numbering system assigns a specific number to each permanent tooth starting from the upper right third molar is #1 and continues around the entire mandibular arch where the lower right third molar is #32.  DENTAL ANATOMY / DR. MONA DENEWAR ✓ Deciduous Teeth The 20 teeth of the deciduous dentition are numbered in the same manner as are the permanent teeth (1-20), except that a small (d). The deciduous upper right second molar is thus #1d. R 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 L 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 The most common system in use today for designating deciduous teeth uses the capital letters A through T. The maxillary right deciduous second molar is tooth A, so that the mandibular right deciduous second molar is tooth T.