Capsule Terminology PDF
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This document provides an overview of capsule terminology, including learning outcomes, definitions of hard and soft capsules, their history, types, advantages, disadvantages, and materials. It also covers capsule shell materials, advantages and disadvantages of hard capsules, and other related information.
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Capsule terminology Learning outcomes - At the end of the Capsule Technology I to III lectures, you will be able to: o Define hard and so> capsules. o Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of capsules. o Describe the composiBon and manufacture of hard and so> caps...
Capsule terminology Learning outcomes - At the end of the Capsule Technology I to III lectures, you will be able to: o Define hard and so> capsules. o Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of capsules. o Describe the composiBon and manufacture of hard and so> capsules. o Discuss consideraBons when formulaBng capsules. What are capsules? - Solid preparaBons with hard or so> shells of various shapes and capaciBes, usually containing a single dose of acBve substances. - One capsule à single dose à but can contain one or more acBve ingredients. History - Invented in the 19th century to mask the taste of medicinal substances. Types of capsules - Two types: o Hard (hard gelaBne capsules, two-pieces capsules) o So; (so> gelaBne capsules, so> gels, one-piece capsules) - Most hard and so> capsules are orally delivered. - Some hard capsules are for inhalaer tablet. - Cylindrical shaped consisBng of 2 pieces. o Shorter piece called cap. o Longer piece called body. o Cap goes over the body to contain contents. - Advantages of hard capsules - Convenient to carry, elegant appearance. - Reasonably stable. - Tasteless and easy to swallow (smaller capsules) - Easier to formulate than tablets, lower stress in processing & filling. - Capsule shell soluble in physiological fluids at body temperature. - PotenBally higher bioavailability than tablets à because the powders are not compressed. - Readily idenBfiable; possibility of two colours. - Can be used to separate incompaBble materials (capsules inside capsule). à not common but possible. For the ingredients that cannot be physically mixed. - Can be used for modified release, materials which cannot be compressed, solid or semi-solid contents. Disadvantages of hard capsules - Expensive (cost is higher than tablets) - Slower producBon than tablets (output rate is ~20% of that of tablet) - Unsuitable for materials containing high level of ‘free’ moisture or that hygroscopic. o The ingredients must be dried. - Unsuitable for materials incompaBble with gelaBne (e.g. formaldehyde causes gelaBne crosslinking, leading to insoluble capsule) - Can adhere to oesophageal mucosa. à paBent need to drink plenty of water. Capsule shell materials - Most capsule shells are made with gelaBne. - GelaBne is derived from collagen (a natural protein found in animal skins, bones, connecBve Bssues.) o Type A gelaBne from acid treatment of porcine skin. o Type B gelaBne from alkaline treatment of bovine bones. - Types A & B have different isoelectric points, thus different solubility as a funcBon of pH. Why gela
