Preschool Development PDF

of a Family with a Preschool Mrs. Maria Victoria Sison-Coloma, RN,MAEd, MAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PRESCHOOL Traditionally defined to include 3-6 years of age. Physical growth slows considerably during the period but personality and cognitive growth ar...

of a Family with a Preschool Mrs. Maria Victoria Sison-Coloma, RN,MAEd, MAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PRESCHOOL Traditionally defined to include 3-6 years of age. Physical growth slows considerably during the period but personality and cognitive growth are substantial.  PRESCHOOLER  There is definite change in the body contour during PHYSICAL the preschool years.  The wide-legged Icon gait, prominent lordosis, and protuberant abdomen of the toddler change into a GROWTH slimmer, taller and much more childlike proportions Icon  Future body type becomes apparent:  ectomorphic/asthenic: slim body build  mesomorphic/sthenic:medium body build Icon  endomorphic/hypersthenic: large body build  PRESCHOOLER WEIGHT Weight gain is slight during the preschool Icon years; the average child gains only about 4.5 lb (2 kg) a year Icon During these years, appetite remains the same as it was during the toddler years, a level perhaps considerably less than some parents Icon would like or expect.  PRESCHOOLER Height gain is also minimal during HEIGHT this period: only 2 to 3.5 in. (6 to 8 Icon cm) a year on average. Head circumference is not routinely Icon measured at physical assessments on children over 2 years of age because it changes little after this time. Icon C. PHYSICAL PROPORTIONS CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY 2018 PRESCHOOL: Body Systems D.D.1 Nervous System  Handedness is beginning to be obvious  There is relative ease in learning language because of the increased cognitive ability. PRESCHOOL: Body Systems D. D.2 Lymphatic System Lymphatic tissue begins to increase in size, particularly the tonsils; levels of immune globulin (Ig)G and IgA antibodies increase.  These changes tend to make preschool illnesses more localized (e.g., an upper respiratory infection remains localized to the nose with little systemic fever). PRESCHOOL: Body Systems D.3 Urinary System D.  Bladder remains to be palpable above the symphysis pubis Voiding becomes frequent (9-10x a day) PRESCHOOL: Body Systems D.4 Muscular System  Muscles are noticeably stronger  Many children exhibit "genu valgus" (knock-knees) which disappears with skeletal growth. PRESCHOOL: Body Systems D.5 Cardiovascular System Physiologic splitting of heart sounds and heart murmurs may be present for the first time on auscultation; This murmur occurs because of the changing size of the heart in reference to the thorax because the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the chest have not yet reached adult proportions. Pulse rate decreases to about 85 beats/min, and blood pressure holds at about 100/60 mmHg.  Children generally have all 20 of TEETH their deciduous teeth by 3 years of age; permanent teeth don’t replace these until school age. Preserving these teeth is important because they hold the position for the permanent teeth as the child’s jaw grows larger. If a deciduous tooth has to be Icon removed, children need conscientious follow-up to be certain a space for a permanent Icon tooth remains. HAVE A NICE DAY! NCM 107 Maternal and Child Nursing CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY 2018