Lec.1.pdf - Cardiology PDF
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New Valley University
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This document contains a series of questions and answers about pericardium and heart anatomy. It's formatted as a lecture-style document addressing various aspects of heart structures, position, and functions. It is a good resource for medical students or anyone studying cardiology.
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Pericardium & Heart (MU) 1. Regarding anatomy of heart, following statements are correct, EXCEPT: a. The sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the right ventricle. b. The base is formed mainly by the left atrium. c. The apex is formed of both ventricles...
Pericardium & Heart (MU) 1. Regarding anatomy of heart, following statements are correct, EXCEPT: a. The sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the right ventricle. b. The base is formed mainly by the left atrium. c. The apex is formed of both ventricles. d. The diaphragmatic surface of heart is formed mainly of left ventricle e. The Left atrium of the heart receives pulmonary veins. 2. What type of membrane is the pericardium? A) Serous membrane B) Fibroserous membrane C) Mucous membrane D) Cartilaginous membrane 3. The fibrous pericardium is part of which layer of the pericardium? A) Inner serous layer B) Parietal pericardium C) Visceral pericardium D) Outer fibrous layer (Alex) 4. What is the visceral pericardium also known as? A) Epicardium B) Parietal pericardium C) Fibrous pericardium D) Serous pericardium 5. Where is the pericardial cavity located? A) Between the fibrous and serous layers B) Between the visceral and parietal layers C) Between the heart and fibrous pericardium D) Between the lungs and heart (Alex) 6. The sternocostal surface of the heart is formed by good partitions from the following chambers EXCEPT: a. Left ventricle b. Right ventricle c. Right atrium d. Left atrium ① 7. Which structure forms the anterior boundary of the transverse sinus of the pericardium? A) Superior vena cava B) Descending aorta and pulmonary trunk C) Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk D) Right pulmonary veins 8. What is the superior boundary of the transverse sinus of the pericardium? A) 2 atria mainly left B) Right pulmonary vein C) Right pulmonary artery D) Left inferior pulmonary vein (MU) 9. Which of the following structures is located in the left atrium? a. pectinate muscle b. pulmonary semilunar valves c. septomarginal trabeculae d. septal papillary muscle e. atrioventricular node 10. Where is the oblique sinus of the pericardium located? A) Between the superior vena cava and the left atrium B) Behind the left atrium C) Behind the right atrium D) Between the pulmonary veins 11. Which structure forms the posterior boundary of the oblique sinus of the pericardium? A) Left atrium B) Posterior mediastinum C) Right pulmonary veins D) Superior vena cava 12. The fibrous pericardium receives blood from which artery? A) Left coronary artery B) Ascending thoracic aorta C) Musculophrenic artery D) Right coronary artery (Alex) 13. Which of the following structures lies posterior to the oblique pericardial sinus? a. Descending aorta b. Superior vena cava c. Inferior vena cava d. Pulmonary trunk ② 14. The parietal layer of the serous pericardium receives blood from which artery? A) Right coronary artery B) Left coronary artery C) Pericardiophrenic artery D) Ascending thoracic aorta 15. Which nerve supplies the fibrous pericardium? A) Costal nerves B) Phrenic nerve C) Vagus nerve D) Sympathetic fibers 16. Which part of the pericardium is insensitive to pain? A) Fibrous pericardium B) Parietal layer of serous pericardium C) Visceral layer of serous pericardium D) Outer fibrous layer 17. What is the position of the heart in the body A) In the anterior mediastinum B) behind the sternum C) Posterior to the esophagus D) Behind the descending aorta (MU) 18. The pulmonary veins pierce: a. The diaphragmatic surface of heart b. The base of heart c. The left surface of heart d. The superior border of heart e. The sternocostal surface of heart 19. What proportion of the heart lies to the left of the median plane? A) 1/3 B) 2/3 C) 3/4 D) 1/2 20. The apex of the heart is formed by which chamber? A) Right ventricle B) Left ventricle C) Right atrium D) Left atrium ③ 21. Which structure forms the base of the heart? A) Right atrium B) Left atrium C) Both atria D) Right ventricle (Alex) 22. About the transverse sinus of pericardium, the following is true: a. It separates the arterial end from the venous end of the heart. b. It is a recess in the fibrous pericardium. c. The descending aorta lies anterior to the sinus. d. This sinus separates the base of the heart from the posterior mediastinum. 23. Where is point A located in surface anatomy of the heart? A) Right 6th costal cartilage, 1.5 cm from the sternal margin B) Left 2nd costal cartilage, 1.5 cm from the sternal margin C) Right 3rd costal cartilage, 1.5 cm from the sternal margin D) Left 5th intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line (MU) 24. Which of the following structures prevents regurgitation of the mitral valve cusps into the left atrium during systole? a. Crista terminalis b. Crista supraventricularis c. Pectinate muscles d. Chordae tendineae e. Trabeculae carneae 25. The pulmonary valve is located opposite which structure in surface anatomy? A) Right 4th intercostal space B) Left 3rd costal cartilage C) Right 2nd costal cartilage D) Left 4th intercostal space (MU) 26. Concerning the heart; mark the correct statement: a. The aortic valve is secured to the walls of the ventricles by the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles. b. The tricuspid valve prevents blood returning to the ventricles from the aorta. c. The coronary arteries arise from right and left aortic sinuses. d. The pulmonary valve prevents oxygenated blood from returning to the right ventricle. e. The coronary sinus and the inferior and superior venae cavae all return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. ④ 27. Which valve lies behind the midline of the sternum opposite the 4th intercostal space? A) Mitral valve B) Aortic valve C) Tricuspid valve D) Pulmonary valve 28. Which valve has three cusps: anterior, right, and left? A) Aortic valve B) Mitral valve C) Tricuspid valve D) Pulmonary valve 29. What structure separates the smooth posterior part from the rough anterior part of the right atrium? A) Fossa ovalis B) Coronary sinus C) Crista terminalis D) Trabeculae carnae 30. The fossa ovalis is located in which part of the heart? A) Interatrial septum B) Atrioventricular septum C) Right atrium D) Left atrium (MU) 31. Which of the following structures carry highly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? a. pulmonary arteries b. pulmonary veins c. coronary arteries d. cardiac veins e. ascending aorta 32. How many pulmonary veins open into the left atrium? A) Two B) Four C) Three D) Five ⑤ 33. What is the function of the moderator band in the right ventricle? A) To connect the right ventricle with the right atrium B) To prevent over-distension of the right ventricle C) To guard the tricuspid valve D) To control the opening of the pulmonary orifice 34. How many papillary muscles are present in the left ventricle? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four 35. What type of blood does the right ventricle contain? A) Oxygenated arterial blood B) Deoxygenated venous blood C) Mixed blood D) Lymphatic fluid 36. What is the shape of the tricuspid valve? a) Circular b) Oval c) Semilunar d) Triangular 37. The interventricular septum is mainly composed of which type of tissue? A) Fibrous tissue B) Muscular tissue C) Cartilage D) Elastic tissue 38. Where is the aortic orifice located? A) Between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk B) Between the left ventricle and ascending aorta C) Between the left atrium and pulmonary veins D) Between the right atrium and superior vena cava (Alex) 39. Concerning the interior of the right atrium, all are true EXCEPT: a. The opening of the coronary sinus has a valve. b. The wall of the auricle is rough. c. Its anterior wall is ridged. d. The opening of the SVC has a valve. ⑥ 40. The posterior part of the right atrium is smooth and receives blood from which structure? A) Pulmonary veins B) Coronary sinus C) Pulmonary trunk D) Left atrium 41. What is the function of the atrioventricular valves? A) To prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles B) To prevent backflow of blood into the atria C) To maintain pressure in the aorta D) To control flow from atria to ventricles 42. Which valve guards the right atrioventricular orifice A) Mitral valve B) Aortic valve C) Tricuspid valve D) Pulmonary valve 43. How many cusps are present in the pulmonary valve? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 44. What type of structure is the coronary sinus? A) A vein B) An artery C) A valve D) A chamber (Alex) 45. The following statements are true EXCEPT: a. The right atrium lies anterior and to the right of the left atrium. b. Crista terminalis lies anterior to the smooth walled part of the right atrium. c. Trabeculae carnae extend from the crista terminalis. d. Septal wall of the right atrium presents fossa ovalis. e. Opening of the SVC has no valves. 46. The mitral orifice is guarded by which structure? A) Mitral valve B) Tricuspid valve C) Pulmonary valve D) Aortic valve ⑦ 47. The inflow part of the left ventricle is characterized by which structure? A) Smooth walls B) Trabeculae carnae C) Moderator band D) Crista terminalis 48. How many cusps does the mitral valve have? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four 49. The semilunar valves are found at the junction of the ventricles and which structures? A) Pulmonary veins B) Pulmonary artery and aorta C) Atria D) Coronary sinus 50. Which valve is located at the left 3rd sternocostal junction? A) Pulmonary valve B) Aortic valve C) Tricuspid valve D) Mitral valve (Alex) 51. The sternocostal surface of the heart is formed mainly from: a. Left ventricle b. Right ventricle c. Right atrium d. Left atrium ⑧