Lec.1.pdf - Cardiology PDF

 Pericardium & Heart (MU) 1. Regarding anatomy of heart, following statements are correct, EXCEPT:  a. The sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the right ventricle.  b. The base is formed mainly by the left atrium.  c. The apex is formed of both ventricles...

 Pericardium & Heart (MU) 1. Regarding anatomy of heart, following statements are correct, EXCEPT:  a. The sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the right ventricle.  b. The base is formed mainly by the left atrium.  c. The apex is formed of both ventricles.  d. The diaphragmatic surface of heart is formed mainly of left ventricle  e. The Left atrium of the heart receives pulmonary veins. 2. What type of membrane is the pericardium?  A) Serous membrane  B) Fibroserous membrane  C) Mucous membrane  D) Cartilaginous membrane 3. The fibrous pericardium is part of which layer of the pericardium?  A) Inner serous layer  B) Parietal pericardium  C) Visceral pericardium  D) Outer fibrous layer (Alex) 4. What is the visceral pericardium also known as?  A) Epicardium  B) Parietal pericardium  C) Fibrous pericardium  D) Serous pericardium 5. Where is the pericardial cavity located?  A) Between the fibrous and serous layers  B) Between the visceral and parietal layers  C) Between the heart and fibrous pericardium  D) Between the lungs and heart (Alex) 6. The sternocostal surface of the heart is formed by good partitions from the following chambers EXCEPT:  a. Left ventricle  b. Right ventricle  c. Right atrium  d. Left atrium ① 7. Which structure forms the anterior boundary of the transverse sinus of the pericardium?  A) Superior vena cava  B) Descending aorta and pulmonary trunk  C) Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk  D) Right pulmonary veins 8. What is the superior boundary of the transverse sinus of the pericardium?  A) 2 atria mainly left  B) Right pulmonary vein  C) Right pulmonary artery  D) Left inferior pulmonary vein (MU) 9. Which of the following structures is located in the left atrium?  a. pectinate muscle  b. pulmonary semilunar valves  c. septomarginal trabeculae  d. septal papillary muscle  e. atrioventricular node 10. Where is the oblique sinus of the pericardium located?  A) Between the superior vena cava and the left atrium  B) Behind the left atrium  C) Behind the right atrium  D) Between the pulmonary veins 11. Which structure forms the posterior boundary of the oblique sinus of the pericardium?  A) Left atrium  B) Posterior mediastinum  C) Right pulmonary veins  D) Superior vena cava 12. The fibrous pericardium receives blood from which artery?  A) Left coronary artery  B) Ascending thoracic aorta  C) Musculophrenic artery  D) Right coronary artery (Alex) 13. Which of the following structures lies posterior to the oblique pericardial sinus?  a. Descending aorta  b. Superior vena cava  c. Inferior vena cava  d. Pulmonary trunk ② 14. The parietal layer of the serous pericardium receives blood from which artery?  A) Right coronary artery  B) Left coronary artery  C) Pericardiophrenic artery  D) Ascending thoracic aorta 15. Which nerve supplies the fibrous pericardium?  A) Costal nerves  B) Phrenic nerve  C) Vagus nerve  D) Sympathetic fibers 16. Which part of the pericardium is insensitive to pain?  A) Fibrous pericardium  B) Parietal layer of serous pericardium  C) Visceral layer of serous pericardium  D) Outer fibrous layer 17. What is the position of the heart in the body  A) In the anterior mediastinum  B) behind the sternum  C) Posterior to the esophagus  D) Behind the descending aorta (MU) 18. The pulmonary veins pierce:  a. The diaphragmatic surface of heart  b. The base of heart  c. The left surface of heart  d. The superior border of heart  e. The sternocostal surface of heart 19. What proportion of the heart lies to the left of the median plane?  A) 1/3  B) 2/3  C) 3/4  D) 1/2 20. The apex of the heart is formed by which chamber?  A) Right ventricle  B) Left ventricle  C) Right atrium  D) Left atrium ③ 21. Which structure forms the base of the heart?  A) Right atrium  B) Left atrium  C) Both atria  D) Right ventricle (Alex) 22. About the transverse sinus of pericardium, the following is true:  a. It separates the arterial end from the venous end of the heart.  b. It is a recess in the fibrous pericardium.  c. The descending aorta lies anterior to the sinus.  d. This sinus separates the base of the heart from the posterior mediastinum. 23. Where is point A located in surface anatomy of the heart?  A) Right 6th costal cartilage, 1.5 cm from the sternal margin  B) Left 2nd costal cartilage, 1.5 cm from the sternal margin  C) Right 3rd costal cartilage, 1.5 cm from the sternal margin  D) Left 5th intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line (MU) 24. Which of the following structures prevents regurgitation of the mitral valve cusps into the left atrium during systole?  a. Crista terminalis  b. Crista supraventricularis  c. Pectinate muscles  d. Chordae tendineae  e. Trabeculae carneae 25. The pulmonary valve is located opposite which structure in surface anatomy?  A) Right 4th intercostal space  B) Left 3rd costal cartilage  C) Right 2nd costal cartilage  D) Left 4th intercostal space (MU) 26. Concerning the heart; mark the correct statement:  a. The aortic valve is secured to the walls of the ventricles by the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles.  b. The tricuspid valve prevents blood returning to the ventricles from the aorta.  c. The coronary arteries arise from right and left aortic sinuses.  d. The pulmonary valve prevents oxygenated blood from returning to the right ventricle.  e. The coronary sinus and the inferior and superior venae cavae all return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. ④ 27. Which valve lies behind the midline of the sternum opposite the 4th intercostal space?  A) Mitral valve  B) Aortic valve  C) Tricuspid valve  D) Pulmonary valve 28. Which valve has three cusps: anterior, right, and left?  A) Aortic valve  B) Mitral valve  C) Tricuspid valve  D) Pulmonary valve 29. What structure separates the smooth posterior part from the rough anterior part of the right atrium?  A) Fossa ovalis  B) Coronary sinus  C) Crista terminalis  D) Trabeculae carnae 30. The fossa ovalis is located in which part of the heart?  A) Interatrial septum  B) Atrioventricular septum  C) Right atrium  D) Left atrium (MU) 31. Which of the following structures carry highly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?  a. pulmonary arteries  b. pulmonary veins  c. coronary arteries  d. cardiac veins  e. ascending aorta 32. How many pulmonary veins open into the left atrium?  A) Two  B) Four  C) Three  D) Five ⑤ 33. What is the function of the moderator band in the right ventricle?  A) To connect the right ventricle with the right atrium  B) To prevent over-distension of the right ventricle  C) To guard the tricuspid valve  D) To control the opening of the pulmonary orifice 34. How many papillary muscles are present in the left ventricle?  A) One  B) Two  C) Three  D) Four 35. What type of blood does the right ventricle contain?  A) Oxygenated arterial blood  B) Deoxygenated venous blood  C) Mixed blood  D) Lymphatic fluid 36. What is the shape of the tricuspid valve?  a) Circular  b) Oval  c) Semilunar  d) Triangular 37. The interventricular septum is mainly composed of which type of tissue?  A) Fibrous tissue  B) Muscular tissue  C) Cartilage  D) Elastic tissue 38. Where is the aortic orifice located?  A) Between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk  B) Between the left ventricle and ascending aorta  C) Between the left atrium and pulmonary veins  D) Between the right atrium and superior vena cava (Alex) 39. Concerning the interior of the right atrium, all are true EXCEPT:  a. The opening of the coronary sinus has a valve.  b. The wall of the auricle is rough.  c. Its anterior wall is ridged.  d. The opening of the SVC has a valve. ⑥ 40. The posterior part of the right atrium is smooth and receives blood from which structure?  A) Pulmonary veins  B) Coronary sinus  C) Pulmonary trunk  D) Left atrium 41. What is the function of the atrioventricular valves?  A) To prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles  B) To prevent backflow of blood into the atria  C) To maintain pressure in the aorta  D) To control flow from atria to ventricles 42. Which valve guards the right atrioventricular orifice  A) Mitral valve  B) Aortic valve  C) Tricuspid valve  D) Pulmonary valve 43. How many cusps are present in the pulmonary valve?  A) 2  B) 3  C) 4  D) 5 44. What type of structure is the coronary sinus?  A) A vein  B) An artery  C) A valve  D) A chamber (Alex) 45. The following statements are true EXCEPT:  a. The right atrium lies anterior and to the right of the left atrium.  b. Crista terminalis lies anterior to the smooth walled part of the right atrium.  c. Trabeculae carnae extend from the crista terminalis.  d. Septal wall of the right atrium presents fossa ovalis.  e. Opening of the SVC has no valves. 46. The mitral orifice is guarded by which structure?  A) Mitral valve  B) Tricuspid valve  C) Pulmonary valve  D) Aortic valve ⑦ 47. The inflow part of the left ventricle is characterized by which structure?  A) Smooth walls  B) Trabeculae carnae  C) Moderator band  D) Crista terminalis 48. How many cusps does the mitral valve have?  A) One  B) Two  C) Three  D) Four 49. The semilunar valves are found at the junction of the ventricles and which structures?  A) Pulmonary veins  B) Pulmonary artery and aorta  C) Atria  D) Coronary sinus 50. Which valve is located at the left 3rd sternocostal junction?  A) Pulmonary valve  B) Aortic valve  C) Tricuspid valve  D) Mitral valve (Alex) 51. The sternocostal surface of the heart is formed mainly from:  a. Left ventricle  b. Right ventricle  c. Right atrium  d. Left atrium ⑧