C02-AENGR1105-Tillage Equipment-PPT (1).pdf

CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY College of Engineering Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering AENGR 1105: BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT CO2: TILLAGE EQUIPMENT MAY ALISBO CABRAL, M.Sc. Instr...

CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY College of Engineering Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering AENGR 1105: BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT CO2: TILLAGE EQUIPMENT MAY ALISBO CABRAL, M.Sc. Instructor  LEARNING OUTCOME Define the different tillage terminologies; Identify the different tillage equipment used in agricultural production, and Discuss the different functions of tillage equipment. Copyright: Borrowed materials included in this lecture are owned by their respective copyright holders. The university and author/s do not claim ownership over them. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  INTRODUCTION Agricultural Machinery - it deals with the study of application, use, and management of various agricultural machines, tools , and equipment used for production and post- production operation. Agricultural Mechanization - it is the development, manufacture and extension of appropriate agricultural tools, implements, and machinery using animal, human, mechanical, electrical, and other renewable sources of energy for agricultural production and development and post harvest operations. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Agricultural tractor - traction machine designed primarily to supply power to Agricultural Field agricultural implements and farmstead Equipment - These equipment. are equipment designed primarily for Agricultural implement - an implement agricultural field that is designed to perform agricultural operation this includes operations This are further classified into: power, mounted, and semi-mounted agricultural tractors, self-propelled Self-Propelled Machine - an equipment machines, designed with integral power unit to implements, and their provide both mobility and power for combinations. performing agricultural operations. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  POINTS TO CONSIDER in the selection of machinery: 11 Trademark – stands for the reputation of the manufacturer and a guarantee of what lies beneath the paint 1 2 Materials – performance and durability Ease of Operation – placement of controls, handle 3 bars, seats 4 Ease of Maintenance 5 Safety – provisions for both machine & operator 61 Source of Repair 7 1 Power Source (engine or electric motor) AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Classification of Agricultural Machinery 11 TILLAGE EQUIPMENT 1 2 Crop Establishment Equipment 3 Crop Maintenance/Protection Equipment 4 Harvesting and Threshing Equipment 5 Drying Equipment 61 Milling Equipment 7 1 Storage Equipment AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  To develop a desirable soil structure for a seedbed/ root bed O To control weeds or remove unwanted crop plants Tillage B mechanical To manage plant residues i.e mixing residues with soil for manipulation of J decomposition standpoints soil for any E To minimize soil erosion by following such practices as desired purpose C contour tillage, listing and proper placement of plant usually restricted T residues to changing soil I To establish specific surface configurations for planting, conditions to irrigating, drainage, or harvesting operations V enhance crop production E To incorporate and mix fertilizers, manure, pesticides, or S soil amendments into the soil To accomplish segregation. This may involve moving soil from one layer to another, removal of rocks and other foreign objects for root harvesting AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  TILLAGE CLASSIFICATION Primary tillage - operation constitutes the initial, major soil Secondary working operation tillage- after harvest of the operations are previous crop. It is intended to normally designed to create refined reduce soil strength, soil conditions cover plant materials, following and rearrange aggregates. primary tillage. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  PRIMARY TILLAGE To destroy competitive weeds. Most farmers use only one primary tillage operation To prepare after harvesting a suitable crop. seedbed. To improve physical conditions of the soil AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  PRIMARY TILLAGE IMPLEMENTS Implements used in primary tillage I CHISEL PLOW operations displace and shatter soil M to reduce soil strength and to bury P DISC PLOW or mix plant materials, pesticides, L and fertilizers in the tillage layer. E MOLDBOARD This type of tillage is more aggressive, deeper, and leaves a rougher soil M PLOW surface relative to secondary tillage E Primary tillage equipment used to break N SUBSOILER and loosen the soil for a depth of 6 to T 36 in (15.2 to 91.4 cm). S ROTARY TILLER AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  TRACTOR-DRAWN PRIMARY TILLAGE IMPLEMENTS AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  1. CHISEL PLOW implement that shatters the soil without complete burial or mixing of surface materials. used to break through and shatter compacted or otherwise impermeable soil layers.  deep tillage shatters compacted subsoil layers and aids in better infiltration and storage of rainwater in the crop root zone.  the improved soil structure also results in better development of root systems and the yield of crops, and their drought tolerance is also improved. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  1. CHISEL PLOW Functional component reversible share, tyne (chisel), beam, cross shaft, and top link connection. Multiple rows of staggered curved shanks are mounted either rigidly, with spring-cushions, spike, or shovel tools are attached to each shank. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  2. DISC PLOW an implement with individually mounted concave disc blades which cut, partially, or completely invert a layer of soil to bury surface material and pulverize the soil. a plow that cuts, turns and sometimes breaks furrow slices by means of separately mounted large steel discs. designed to reduce friction by making a rolling plow bottom AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  CLASSIFICATIONS OF DISC PLOWS ONE-WAY DISC  a tractor-mounted or integral one-way disc plows are attached to the tractor by One-way disc plow three-point hitch linkages and are fully carried by the tractor during transport. Tractor-mounted reversible disc plow attached to the three-point hitch and is fully carried by the tractor in transport. usually limited in size (2-4 discs) due to tractor front-end stability and hydraulic lift capacity. Two way or reversible disc plow AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Semi-mounted or semi-integral reversible disc plow It is attached to the tractor’s lower hitch points and is raised/lowered by the tractor hitch as well as a remote hydraulic cylinder on the rear transport wheel. On some of these plows, the rear wheel operates on the land and serves as a gauge wheel when plowing and as transport wheel (free to caster) when the plow is raised. Semi-mounted disc plow The rear wheel is an attachment for converting a fully integral, reversible disc plow to semi-integral operation AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  MOUNTED DISC PLOW TRAILING DISC PLOW AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  PARTS OF A DISC PLOW AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  PARTS OF A DISC PLOW 1 Concave Disc – circular concave steel plate used for cutting and inverting the soil 2 Standard – or beam; upright support which connects the shank to tillage implement frame – some are movable where they join the beam and can be shifted at that point for spacing and angling the discs. – usually made of high-carbon steel. 3 Concave Disc – circular concave steel plate used for cutting and inverting the soil AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  PARTS OF A DISC PLOW 4 Frame – structure on which the standards are fitted. a. Overhead Beam – is most common; provides a high clearance for trash but requires rather long standards. b. Side Beam – lower beam; gives less clearance but provides an easy method of raising the ground-working disc blades. 5 Scraper – component which scrapes the soil adhering to the concave side of the disc – gives a good turning effect, covering the sod and trash in a more satisfactory manner AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  PARTS OF A DISC PLOW 6 Wheels a) Front furrow wheel is at the front end of the frame and is connected to the hitch to aid in guiding and turning the plow, steers the plow. It is usually runs straight ahead and set at an angle so as to absorb side thrust. b) Land wheel. It is located toward the rear of the plow but slightly forward of the rear furrow wheel. It operates on unplowed ground. c) Rear furrow wheel. It slopes toward the land in order to absorb side thrusts; its rim is ridged so that it can dig into the furrow sole. 7 Hitch – portion of an implement designed to connect the implement to a power source AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Two-bottom disc plow hitched to a walking type agricultural tractor AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Two-bottom disc plow hitched to a walking type agricultural tractor AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  ONE WAY DISC PLOW AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Tractor- mounted reversible disc plow AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  3. MOLDBOARD PLOW an implement that cuts, partially, or completely inverts a layer of soil to bury surface materials and pulverizes the soil. consists of cutting edge, stabilizer, and curved surface. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  CLASSIFICATION OF MOLDBOARD PLOW Based on Function Left-Hand Plow throws the furrow slice to the left of the plow’s direction Right-Hand Plow  throws the furrow slice to the right of the plow’s direction Two-way or reversible plow  throws the furrow slice either to the left or left of the plow’s direction. consists of both the right-hand and left-hand plow with one type being used at a time. (plow reversing lever) AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  TWO WAY OR REVERSIBLE PLOW AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  ANIMAL-DRAWN MOLDBOARD PLOW TRACTOR-MOUNTED MOLDBOARD PLOW SEMI-MOUNTED MOLDBOARD PLOW AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  PARTS OF MOLDBOARD PLOW AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  PARTS OF A MOLDBOARD PLOW Plow Bottom – or plow body; working part of the plow which includes the share, moldboard, and landside, all attached to the frog part of the plow that actually breaks the soil Share Landside Moldboard penetrates the soil and flat plate that bears the curved plate above the makes a horizontal cut against and transmits the bottom, which receives the below the soil surface. lateral thrust of the plow slice of soil and inverts it. sharp, well polished, and bottom to the furrow wall. equipped with one or more pointed component. helps to resist the side bottoms of various cutting made of chilled cast iron or pressure exerted by the widths. steel (steel mainly contains furrow slice on the various moldboard shapes about 0.70 to 0.80% mouldboard. have been designed to suit carbon and about 0.50 to helps in stabilizing the different soil conditions and 0.80% manganese besides plow while it is in crop requirements other minor elements) operation. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  TYPES OF MOLDBOARD General purpose having medium curvature lying between stubble and sod. sloping of the surface is gradual. turns the well-defined furrow slice and pulverizes the soil thoroughly. has a fairly long moldboard with a gradual twist, the surface being slightly convex Stubble type short but broader moldboard with a relatively abrupt curvature that lifts, breaks, and turns the furrow slice used in stubble soils. curvature is not gradual, but it is abrupt along the top edge (causes the furrow slice to be thrown off quickly, pulverizing it much better than other types of moldboard). best suited to work in stubble soil that is under cultivation for years together. Stubble soil is the soil in which stubble of the plants from the previous crop is still left on the land at the time of plowing AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  TYPES OF MOLDBOARD Sod or Breaker type long moldboard with gentle curvature that lifts and inverts the unbroken furrow slice. used in tough soil of grasses. It turns over thickly covered soil. very useful when the farmer requires the complete inversion of soil. Slat type moldboard whose surface is made of slats placed along the length of the moldboard so that there are gaps between the slats. often used where the soil is sticky because the solid moldboard does not scour well in sticky soils. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  TYPES OF MOLDBOARD Frog part of the plow bottom to which the other components of the plow bottom are attached. an irregular piece of metal. may be made of cast iron for cast iron plows, or it may be welded steel for steel plows. Tailpiece an important extension of the moldboard, which helps in turning a furrow slice. Shin the leading edge of the moldboard located above the landside AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  TYPES OF MOLDBOARD Land side heel part attached to the rear of a landside, which applies the vertical load of the plow bottom to the furrow bottom. Frame structure to which the standard is fitted Standard or beam and leg upright support which connects the plow bottom to the tillage implement frame Hitch the part of implement designed to connect it to the power source AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Animal-drawn Moldboard plow AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Moldboard Plow for Two-wheel Tractor AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Trailing Moldboard Plow AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Tractor-mounted Moldboard Plow AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Tractor-mounted Moldboard Plow AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  ACCESSORIES OF MOLDBOARD PLOWS Jointer a small, irregular-shaped piece of metal having a shape similar to an ordinary plow bottom; it is a miniature plow its purpose is to turn over a small, ribbon like furrow slice directly in front of the main plow bottom AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  ACCESSORIES OF MOLDBOARD PLOWS Coulter a device used to cut the furrow slice vertically from the land ahead of the plow bottom. cuts the furrow slice from the land and leaves a clear wall. also cuts trash that is covered under the soil by the plow. coulter may be a rolling type disc coulter or a sliding-type knife coulter AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  ACCESSORIES OF MOLDBOARD PLOWS Gauge wheel is an auxiliary wheel of an implement to maintain a uniform depth of working. helps to maintain uniformity in respect of depth of plowing in different soil conditions. usually placed in a hanging position. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  ACCESSORIES OF MOLDBOARD PLOWS Land wheel- it is the wheel of the plow, which runs on the cultivated land. Front furrow wheel- is the front wheel of the plow, which runs in the furrow. Rear furrow wheel- is the rear wheel of the plow, which runs in the furrow. Trash board - optional accessory, mounted above the shin, which deposits the upper edge of the furroe in the furrow bottom. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  4. SUBSOILER an implement for intermittent tillage at depths sufficient to shatter compacted subsurface layers. equipped with widely spaced shanks either in-line or staggered on a V-shaped frame (Figure 9). Subsoiling is commonly conducted with the shank paths corresponding to subsequent crop rows. Strong frame and shanks are required for deep operation. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  4. SUBSOILER They shatter, mix, and aerate the soil with little soil inversion and little coverage of plant residue. This helps prevent wind and water erosion but improve water penetration into the soil. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  5. ROTARY TILLER also called power tillers. Power is transferred to the tiller from the tractor via the power-take- off drive. A shaft containing blades is located at 90° to the line of travel and rotates in the same direction as the forward travel of the tractor. Since the shaft turns at a rate that is considerably faster than the corresponding tractor speed, soil pulverization is accomplished AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  SECONDARY TILLAGE BREAK THE SOIL CLODS Secondary Tillage means stirring the F U SHATTER THE SOIL CLODS soil at comparatively shallow depths N LEVEL THE SOIL SURFACE follows the deeper C T HARROW THE SOIL AND primary tillage I PLANT WASTE (STUBBLES) it is possible to use some of the primary O FIRM THE SOIL tillage equipment to N do secondary tillage S KILL WEEDS AND HELP CONSERVE MOISTURE AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  SECONDARY TILLAGE IMPLEMENTS SPIKE TOOTH HARROW can be tractor or animal-drawn till the soil to a shallower depth I DISC HARROW than primary tillage implements, M provide additional pulverization, FIELD CULTIVATOR P mix pesticides and fertilizers into L PACKER the soil, level, and firm the soil, E ROLLER HARROW close air pockets, M eradicate weeds. E ROTARY HOE Seedbed preparation is the final N ROW CROP CULTIVATOR secondary tillage operation T TINE TOOTH HARROW S SPRING TOOTH HARROW AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  1.Spike-tooth harrow is used to break clods after initial plowing that require subsequent operations before transplanting and puddling and leveling. consists of long spikes attached rigidly to cross bars and staggered to attain maximum stirring and raking of soil. Spikes are rigidly mounted on a frame, however the mounting bars maybe spring- loaded. The angle of the spikes may be altered to change the aggressiveness. Vertical orientation being the most aggressive AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  1.Spike-tooth harrow sTANDARD PARALLEL BAR DRAW BAR END SHANK CLAMP TOOTH ADJUSTMENT REAR PIPE ASSEMBLY TILT ADJUSTMENT BAR CENTER PIPE FRONT PIPE ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY TEETH AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  2. DISC HARROW used to pulverize the soil to attain a better soil tilt for seed germination and growth. consists of two or four gangs of concave steel discs AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  CLASSIFICATIONS OF DISC HARROWS Based on Gang Orientation Based on Hitching Tractor-Mounted Trailing Single-Action Disc Harrow – consists of two gangs of discs, placed end-to-end at an angle, which throw the soil in opposite directions Tandem Disc Harrow – consists of two or more gangs, in which a set of two gangs follows behind the front gangs and is arranged in such a way that the discs on the front gangs throw the soil in one direction (usually outward) and the discs on the rear gangs throw the soil in the opposite direction Offset Disc Harrow – consists of two gangs wherein one gang is located behind the other at an angle and the harrow is operated in an offset position in relation to the tractor centerline AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT Classification of disc harrow based on gang orientation AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Disc harrow components AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT PARTS OF A DISC HARROW 1 Concave Disc – circular concave steel plate used for cutting and inverting the soil - maybe round, or cutaway (also notched or scalloped edge) Disc Gang – set of concave discs, which is mounted on a common shaft and 2 separated by a spool; consists of blades assembled on a long gang bolt, or arbor bolt, which is generally square 3 Gang Axle – shaft on which a set of concave discs are fitted 4 Frame – structure on which the gangs are fitted AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Spool – flanged tube mounted on gang axle and placed between two 5 discs to prevent the lateral movement of the discs on the shaft Bumper – a half-moon-shaped cast-iron plate weighing several pounds 6 placed on the convex side of the discs at the end of the gang 7 Scraper – component which scrapes the soil adhering to the concave side of the disc 8 Hitch – portion of an implement designed to connect the implement to the power source AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  3. FIELD CULTIVATOR an implement for seedbed preparation, weed eradication, or fallow cultivation subsequent to some form of primary tillage. equipped with spring steel shanks or teeth (generally spaced 150-230 mm in a staggered pattern), which has an integral forged point or mounting holes for a replaceable shovel or sweep tools. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  3. FIELD CULTIVATOR Figure 17. a) Field cultivator, b) Two-wheel tractor driven wheel cultivator AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  4. PACKER An implement for crushing soil clods and compacting the soil. consist of one or two in- line gangs of rollers. roller sections may be lugged wheels or any one of various shaped ridged wheels Single packer roller AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  5. ROLLER HARROW used during seedbed preparation; it crushes soil clods and smooths and firms the soil surface. consists of an in-line gang of ridged rollers, followed by one or more rows of staggered spring cultivator teeth, followed by a Wheel-mounted roller harrow second-in-line gang of ridged rollers. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  6. ROTARY HOE also known as a rotary tiller, rototiller, rotavator, power tiller, or rotary plow, an implement used for dislodging small weeds and grasses and breaking soil crust and is used for fast, shallow cultivation before or soon after crop plants emerge. Rigid curved teeth mounted on wheels toll over the soil, penetrating almost straight down and lifting soil as they rotate. Hoe wheels may be mounted in multiple gangs or as short gangs on spring loaded arms suspended from the main frame AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  7. ROW CROP CULTIVATOR an implement wherein the frame and cultivating tools are designed to adequately pass through standing crop rows without crop damage. Gangs of shanks are often independently suspended on parallel linkages with depth- controlling wheels to provide floatation with the soil surface. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  8. TINE TOOTH HARROW uses spring tines that create additional action for soil breakup. The tines are more closely spaced than the spikes, about 3.8-5 cm apart. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  9. SPRING TOOTH HARROW consists of long and curved teeth made of spring steel which are fastened on the transverse toolbars with the other end pointed to give good soil penetration. largely outdated piece of farm equipment. uses many flexible iron teeth mounted in rows to loosen the soil before planting. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  CLASSIFICATION OF TILLAGE IMPLEMENTS 1. Mounted implements Attached to the tractor by 3 point hitch linkages. Implements can be raised or lowered by the hydraulic system. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  CLASSIFICATION OF TILLAGE IMPLEMENTS 2. Semi-mounted implements Attached to the tractor via a 2 point or 3 point linkage, and these implements are normally provided with wheels to help improve the machine’s performance. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  CLASSIFICATION OF TILLAGE IMPLEMENTS 3. Trailed implements Attached to the tractor's drawbar, and this cannot be raised or lowered. implement trails the tractor as it moves. heavy and usually provided with wheels for easy hitching to the back of tractor and better stability. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT Classification of Tillage Systems 1. Conservation tillage a system that maintains a minimum of Zero tillage system - consists 30% residue cover on the soil surface of no primary or secondary after planting or maintains at least tillage operation. 1,100 kg/ha of flat small grain residue equivalent on the soil surface during Strip tillage - system in which the critical erosion period. only isolated bands of soil is designed to conserve soil, water, and/ tilled. or energy. In areas prone to wind soil erosion, it Minimum tillage - system is advisable to leave surface cover wherein least soil manipulation is over on the soil to or minimize soil performed. erosion. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Image Source: https://optimizeias.com/zero-tillage/ AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT Classification of Tillage Systems 2. Conventional tillage a system traditionally performed in preparing a seedbed for a given crop and grown in a given geographical area. cultivation as the major means of seedbed preparation and weed control. includes a sequence of soil tillage, such as ploughing and harrowing, to produce a fine seedbed, and also the removal of most of the plant residue from the previous crop. system which majority of farmers used in the farming which are the primary and secondary tillage AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT Classification of Tillage Systems 3. Mulch tillage system in which tillage of the total soil surface is performed in such a way that plant residue is specifically left on or near the soil surface. 4. Optimum tillage an idealized system which permits a maximized net return for a given crop under given conditions. 5. Precision tillage subsoiling under the plant row prior to planting usually intended for subsurface drainage. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Mulch tillage Precision tillage AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT Classification of Tillage Systems 6. Reduced tillage system in which the primary tillage operation is performed in conjunction with special planting procedures in order to reduce or eliminate secondary tillage operations.. 7. Reservoir tillage system in which a large number of depressions or small reservoirs are formed to hold rain or sprinkler applied water 8. Ridge tillage system in which the ridges are fromed during cultivation or after harvest and maintained from year to year in the same location. Seeding is done on the ridge top. AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Ridge tillage Reservoir tillage AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  You can comment on Classroom stream or you can directly email/message me through the following channels: : [email protected] : May A. Cabral (https://www.facebook.com/mayalisbo) : 09157199837 AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  References: American Society of Agricultural & Biological Engineers (ASABE). Terminology and Definitions for Agricultural Tillage Implement. ASAE S414.1 FEB04 Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard (PAES). Agricultural Machinery. Compilation of Lecture Notes of RMO-NC2 Training (Central Luzon) AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT  Thank you! Keep safe and stay healthy AENGR1105- BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT