Module 1: Building Utilities 1 - Plumbing and Sanitary Systems PDF

MODULE #1 3. Comprehend and apply pertinent code provisions relative to designing, installation, operation and maintenance of plumbing systems and its components...

MODULE #1 3. Comprehend and apply pertinent code provisions relative to designing, installation, operation and maintenance of plumbing systems and its components. 4. Identify common engineering language associated with plumbing, sanitary and fire protection systems MODULE G ALS FLEX Course Material To orient students on National University Vision and Mission, Core Values, and Class Policies To introduce the principles and practices in plumbing and sanitary systems- its design, installation, operation and maintenance in buildings in relation to the immediate surroundings or environment. ABUTLI1S: CLO 3 - 4 BUILDING UTILITIES 1 PLUMBING AND SANITARY SYSTEMS COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE Cluster Chair: AR. KAOLYNE GRACE C. HILARIO Template by NUCCIT Cluster Heads AR. EMMARIE ROSE V. CRUZ & AR. ANNIE C. PUGEDA Cluster Members AR. GENE LAMBERT R. GIRON AR. KAOLYNE GRACE C. HILARIO AR. ANNIE C. PUGEDA AR. VOLTAIRE V. VITUG  LESSON #1 LEARNING OUTC MES 1. Apply the fundamental Sanitary Drainage concepts and principles, Systems: general design and installation of water Vent Piping Systems; supply, sanitary drainage systems, storm drainage Ventilation and Ventilation system, waste disposal systems, and fire System; Plumbing Traps protection systems in building design consistent with trade practices and recommendations 2. Explain the importance of sanitation as well as plumbing in the context of building structures as a component of the overall building services function. NPCP Chapter 9 – Vents and Venting NPCP Chapter 10 – Traps and Interceptors Template by NUCCIT 2  PLUMBING TERMS (NPCP) MAIN VENT (VENT STACK) - principal artery of the venting system Keynote VENT STACK - vertical vent pipe installed primarily for VENT SYSTEM - pipes installed to providing a circulation of air provide flow of air to or from a drainage STACK VENT - the extension of a soil or waste stack system or to provide a circulation of air above the highest horizontal drain connected to the within such system to protect traps seals stack (SVTR) from siphonage and backpressure Two Principal Classifications of Vents 1. MAIN SOIL AND WASTE VENT (SOIL STACK): used to ventilate the soil and waste pipes portion of the soil-pipe stack above the highest installed fixture branch extending through the roof source through which air is admitted to the plumbing system means of eliminating objectionable odors the terminal for the many main vents the plumbing installation requires: size: 2 – 5” Ф 2. MAIN VENT (VENT STACK): referred to as “relief” and “yoke” vents; serve the fixture trap only in indirect way; primary purpose is to maintain atmospheric pressure in the waste pipe system portion of the vent pipe system which serves as a terminal for the smaller, tributary forms of individual and group fixture trap ventilation construed as a collecting vent line begins at the base of the soil-pipe stack, where its purpose is to relieve any back-pressure terminates in the soil-pipe stack, at least 3’ above the highest installed fixture branch: size: 2 – 5” Ф 3 DRY and WET VENTING WET VENT – that portion of a vent pipe through wastewater also flows through Keynote DRY VENT – a vent that does not carry liquid or BRANCH VENT - a horizontal vent water-borne wastes pipe connecting from a branch of the drainage system to a vent stack or stack vent GROUP VENT - a branch vent SIPHONAGE - a suction created by the flow of liquids in pipes (pressure less than atmospheric) VACUUM - an air pressure less than atmospheric (SIPHONAGE) VACUUM BREAKER* - (BACKFLOW PREVENTER) BACKFLOW – flow of water into a water supply system from any source BACKPRESSURE BACKFLOW other than its regular source BACKFLOW CONNECTION - condition/arrangement where reverse flow can occur BACKPRESSURE BACKFLOW - occurs due to an increased reverse pressure above the supply pressure (pump, boilers, gravity/other source of pressure) BACK SIPHONAGE - flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply due to negative pressure in pipe (see BACKFLOW) BACK PRESSURE - air pressure (drainage pipes) greater than atmosphere pressure 4  TYPES OF VENTS Keynote Section 901- VENTS REQUIRED Each plumbing fixture trap, except as otherwise provided in this Code, shall be protected against siphonage and back-pressure. Air circulation shall be assured throughout all parts of the excreta drainage system by means of vent pipes installed in accordance with the requirements of this Chapter and as required in this Code. INDIVIDUAL VENT: back vent; portion of the vent pipe system which serves a single trap UNIT VENT: portion of the vent pipe system which ventilates two fixture traps that discharge into a sanitary cross with deflectors CIRCUIT OR LOOP VENTILATION: portion of the drainage system which ventilates 2 or more fixture traps that discharge into a horizontal soil or waste branch extended at slight grade RELIEF VENTILATION: portion of the vent pipe installation which primarily eliminates minus and plus pressures in the drainage system; on long vertical pipes a relief vent, often referred to as yoke or by-pass vent maybe installed at 3 – 5 floor intervals LOOPED VENT: used on fixtures which are located in the room away from partitions that might be utilized to conceal the waste and vent. COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM - specially designed system of waste piping; horizontal wet venting of one or more sinks/floor drains by a common horizontal waste and vent pipe CONTINUOUS WASTE - drain connecting the compartments of a set of fixtures to a trap or connecting other permitted fixtures to a common trap LOCAL VENT: a conduit or pipe shaft used to convey the foul odours from a fixture or room; used to some extent in connection with water closets, connected to the fixture at a point below the seat; terminates at the roof UTILITY VENT: used for underground public restrooms 5 INDIVIDUAL VENT Keynote VENT PIPE - a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system; for reducing the pressure exerted on trap seals BACKVENT PIPE - connects directly with an individual trap underneath/behind the fixture INDIVIDUAL VENT - serves a single trap REVENT PIPE 6 UNIT VENT Keynote COMMON VENT - (UNIT VENT/DUAL VENT) DUAL VENT - (UNIT VENT) UNIT VENT - an arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe will serve two traps 905.6 Two (2) fixtures may be served by a common vertical vent pipe when each such fixture wastes separately into an approved double branch fitting having inlet openings at the same level. 7 CIRCUIT VENT/LOOP VENT Keynote CIRCUIT VENT - group vent from in front of the last fixture/connects to vent stack (LOOP VENT) LOOP OR CIRCUIT VENT – (extension is usually vertical immediately beyond its connection to the soil or waste pipe); connected to the stack vent NPCP Chapter 2 8 YOKE VENT Keynote RELIEF VENT – auxiliary vent (“yoke vent”) YOKE VENT - connecting upward from a soil or waste stack below the floor and below horizontal connection to an adjacent vent stack 907.1 Each soil or waste stack which extends ten (10) or more stories above the building drain shall be served by a parallel vent stack which shall extend undiminished in size from its upper terminal at the roof and connect to the soil or waste stack at ground level and at every fifth-floor levels with a "yoke vent" at a point below the horizontal soil or waste branch connection to the stack and at the nearby vent stack above the same floor to provide a relief vent. The size of yoke vent shall be not less in diameter than either the soil stack or the vent stack, whichever is smaller. 9  LOOPED VENT Section 813 - SPECIAL VENTING FOR ISLAND FIXTURES Keynote Traps for island sinks and similar equipment shall be LOOPED VENT: used on fixtures roughed in above the floor and may be vented by located in the room away from extending the vent as high as possible, but not less partitions that might be utilized to than the drainboard height and then returning it conceal the waste and vent. downward and connecting it to the horizontal sink drain COMBINATION WASTE immediately downstream from the vertical fixture drain. AND VENT SYSTEM – horizontal wet venting of one or more sinks/floor drains by a common horizontal waste and vent pipe CONTINUOUS WASTE – drain connecting the compartments of a set of fixtures to a trap or connecting other permitted fixtures to a common trap Section 814- COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEMS 814.1 Combination waste and vent systems (CW & VS) shall be permitted only where structural conditions preclude the installation of conventional systems as otherwise prescribed by this Code. NPCP Chapter 2 NPCP Chapter 2 10  LOCAL VENT/UTILITY VENT Where a conventional plumbing vent system is not available or not feasible the local plumbing inspector Keynote may permit an air admittance valve to be installed. LOCAL VENT - pipe or shaft to convey foul air from a fixture or The purpose of an air admittance valve is to provide room to the outer air a method of allowing air to enter the plumbing drainage system without the use of a vent extended UTILITY VENT: underground to open air and to prevent sewer gases from NPCP Chapter 2 escaping into a building. - UPC 2006 11  LESSON # #4 PLUMBING TRAPS TRAPS USED IN PLUMBING SYSTEM Chapter 10 Traps and Interceptors Section 1001 -TRAPS REQUIRED 1001.1 Each plumbing fixture, excepting those having integral traps, shall be separately trapped by an approved-type waterseal trap. Not more than one trap shall be permitted on a trap arm. 1001.2 It is provided, however, that one trap may serve a set of not more than three ( 3) single compartment sinks or laundry tubs of the same depth or three (3) lavatories immediately adjacent to each other and in the same room if the waste outlets are not more than 0.75 meter apart and the trap is centrally located when three (3) compartments are installed. The depth requirement may be waived if approved-type pump discharge the fixtures or appliances. 1001.3 No food waste disposal unit shall be installed on any set of restaurant, commercial or industrial sinks served by a single trap, each such food Waste disposal unit shall be connected to a separate trap. Each domestic clotheswasher and each laundry tub shall be connected to a separate and independent trap; except that a trap serving a laundry tub may also receive the waste from a clotheswasher set adjacent thereto. No clotheswasher or laundry tub shall be connected to any trap of a kitchen sink. Template by NUCCIT 1001.4 The vertical distance between a fixture outlet and the trap weir shall be as short as practicable, but in no case shall the tailpiece from any fixture exceed 0. 6 meter in length. · 12  PLUMBING TRAPS Keynote TRAP - a fitting or device so constructed as to prevent the passage of air, gas SEAL - vertical distance between the dip and the crown weir of a trap/the water in the trap between the dip and the crown weir TRAP SEAL (WATER SEAL) - maximum vertical depth of liquid that a trap will retain, measured Two forms of water-sealed traps within the crown weir and the top of the dip of the trap 1. Common Seal – 2” depth 2. Deep Seal – 4” Section 1005 - TRAP SEALS Each fixture trap shall have a water seal of not less than 51 mm and not more than 102 mm deep except where a deeper seal is found necessary by the Administrative Authority for special conditions. Traps shall be set erect and true with respect to their water seals. Template by NUCCIT 13  PERMISSIBLE TRAPS Keynote Types of Permissible Traps 1. P-Trap – ½ S 2. Drum Trap 3. Grease Trap Objectionable Traps/ Non-Permissible Traps 1. Full S and ¾ S Traps 2. Bag Trap 3. Mechanically Sealed Trap 4. Internal Partition Trap 5. Light Metal Partition Traps NON-PERMISSIBLE TRAPS Template by NUCCIT 14  Section 1008 INDUSTRIAL INTERCEPTORS (CLARIFIERS) AND SEPARATORS 1008.1 When Required – Interceptors or clarifiers Keynote (including grease, oil and sand interceptors, etc. ) shall (CLARIFIER) - intercept or to be provided when, in the judgement of the separate, and prevent the passage Administrative Authority, they are necessary for the of oil, grease, sand proper handling of liquid wastes containing grease, CLARIFIER - (interceptor) flammable wastes, sand, solids, acid or alkaline GREASE INTERCEPTOR – substances, or other ingredients harmful to the building interceptor of 3 cubic meters drainage system, the public or private sewer and GREASE TRAP - retain grease sewage disposal system. from 1 - 4 fixtures (maximum) SAND INTERCEPTOR – Section 1011 GREASE TRAPS (INTERCEPTOR) NPCP Chapter 2 1011.1 When, in the judgment of the Administrative Authority, Waste pretreatment is required, an approved-type grease trap complying with the provisions of this sections shall be installed in the wasteline leading from sinks, drains and other fixtures or equipment in establishments such as restaurants, cafes, lunch counters. cafeterias, bars and clubs, hotel hospital, sanitarium, factory or school kitchens, or other establishments where grease may be introduced into the drainage or sewer system in quantities that can effect line stoppage or hinder sewage treatment or private sewage disposal. A grease trap is not required for individual dwelling units or for any private living quarters. Template by NUCCIT 15  DRUM TRAP Keynote Drum traps do the same thing, but instead of just having a dip in the pipe to create a self-scouring P- trap, a drum trap consists of an enlarged 'vessel' that holds a large volume of water. Drum traps were commonly used at bathtubs and occasionally at laundry sinks. Template by NUCCIT 16  S-TRAP vs P-TRAP Keynote DOUBLE-BEND FITTING - fitting shaped like the “S” TRAP ARM - that portion of a fixture drain between a trap and the vent 1002.2 Each fixture trap shall have a protecting vent so located that the developed length of the trap and from the trap weir to the inner edge of the vent shall be within the distance given in Table 10-1, but in no case less than two times the diameter of the trap arm. 1002.3 A trap arm may change direction without the use of a cleanout when such change of direction does not exceed ninety (90) degrees. TRAP ARMS Template by NUCCIT 17  CASE STUDIES Keynote Section 1006- FLOOR DRAIN TRAPS Floor drain shall connect into a trap so constructed that it can be readily cleaned and of a size to serve efficiently the purpose for which it is intended. The drain inlet shall be so located that it is in all times in full view. When subject to reverse flow of sewage or liquid waste, such drains shall be equipped with an approved backwater valve. Template by NUCCIT 18  AIRBREAK/AIR GAP Keynote AIRBREAK - physical separation into indirect waste receptor from fixture, device indirectly connected AIR GAP, DRAINAGE - unobstructed vertical distance between the lowest opening from any pipe to the flood level rim of the receptor AIR GAP, WATER DISTRIBUTION - unobstructed vertical distance through free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet conveying potable water to the flood- level rim NPCP Chapter 2 Template by NUCCIT 19  INDIRECT WASTE PIPE Keynote INDIRECT WASTE PIPE - a waste pipe that does not connect directly with the building drainage RECEPTOR - approved plumbing fixture/device to adequately receive discharge from indirect waste pipes SPECIAL WASTE - require special methods of handling (use of indirect waste piping and receptors, corrosion resistant piping, sand, oil or grease interceptors, condensers or other pre-treatment facilities 801.2 No cold storage room, refrigerator, cooling counter, compartment, receptacle, appurtenance or device used for the storage or holding of food or drink and no dishwashing or culinary sink in any food preparation room used for soaking, washing or preparing ready - to-serve food shall have any drain in connection therewith directly connected to any soil, waste or vent pipe. Such equipment or fixtures shall be drained by means of indirect waste pipes, as defined in Chapter 2 of this Code; and all wastes drained by them shall discharge through an airgap into an open floor sink or other approved type receptor properly connected to the drainage system. Template by NUCCIT 20 TOPIC for next meeting Storm Drainage Systems (surface and subsurface storm water) Keynote Roof catchment area, Gutter, Downspout, Catch STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS Basins, Area Drains Read NPCP Chapter 11 – Storm Drainage System Roof catchment area, Gutter, Downspout, Catch Basins, Area Drains NPCP Chapter 11 – Storm Drainage System HOMEWORK No. 5 Research: Roof catchment area, Gutter, Downspout, Catch Basins, Area Drains 21