2ND EXAM COVERAGE.pdf

AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4 (1st exam coverage) -History of Plumbing -Concepts of Plumbing -Plumbing Terminologies -Principle of Plumbing Systems -Hydrological Processes of Water Sources/Supply -Engin...

AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4 (1st exam coverage) -History of Plumbing -Concepts of Plumbing -Plumbing Terminologies -Principle of Plumbing Systems -Hydrological Processes of Water Sources/Supply -Engineered Water Cycle -Properties and Impurities of Water -Treatment Methods for Water -Water Storage system -Parts and Functions of Water Distribution System -General Design and Installation Guidelines in accordance with the Code (RA1378) AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HISTORY OF PLUMBING 17TH CENTURY: birth of the plumbing profession in the Philippines. WALLED CITY: known as “Intramuros” was established by the Spaniards as a model community. FRIAR ENGINEERS: incorporated European standards in their plumbing installations and introduced to the Philippines. -Friar: member of religious orders of men, (Augustinians, Carmelites, Dominicans, and Franciscans). AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HISTORY OF PLUMBING FILIPINO PLUMBERS: 18th and 19th centuries -assigned the task of maintaining, repairing and/or remodeling plumbing systems in all "pueblos" or towns including churches, convents and government buildings. RECOGNIZED PLUMBERS: called upon by the ''ilustrados". -elite group to act as consultants of plumber journeymen AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HISTORY OF PLUMBING PLUMBER JOURNEYMEN: do the plumbing installations in villas and mansions. 1902: -PLUMBING TRADE: duly recognized by the government. -City of Manila: model community. -Master Plumber John F. Hass: became the first Chief of the Division of Plumbing Construction and Inspection. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HISTORY OF PLUMBING PLUMBING CODE OF THE UNITED STATES: incorporated into the Building Code for the City of Manila through the initiative of the Filipino Master Plumbers. 1935: -NAMPAP was organized (National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines) and had it registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. -organized by Francisco Geronimo, Mariano de Ocampo, lgmidio Suarez, Eusebio Mina. Jose Rivera, Raymundo Reyes, Sr., Roberto Feliciano, Gregorio Lazaro, Raymundo Gumapac, John Jones, Trinitario Ortiz, Valentin Casupanan, Catalino Casupanan, Crispin Francisco, Teodoro Pastor, Cornelio Odvina and Jesus Tangbal Dera. City Ordinance 2411: -known as "the Plumbing code of City of Manila" was enacted in consultation with NAMPAP. 1954: -approved the third reading House Bill No. 962 (Republic Act No.1378, otherwise known as the "PLUMBING LAW OF THE Philippines"). June 18, 1955: R.A. 1378 was signed by President Ramon Magsaysay. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HISTORY OF PLUMBING January 28, 1959: promulgation of National Plumbing Code of the Philippines (prepared by the NAMPAP was promulgated and approved by Malacanang). -NAMPAP also assisted in the passage of the law creating the National Waterworks and Sewerage Authority (NAWASA) or Pangasiwaan ng Tubig at Alkantarilya sa Kalakhang Maynila. -NAWASA: in charge of water privatization in Metro Manila and nearby provinces of Cavite and Rizal in the Philippines. -2 PARTS: east for Manila Water & west for Maynilad Water Services November 28, 1967: First Amendment to the National Plumbing Code was approved, which effected the inclusion of "Asbestos-Cement Pipe" as an approved plumbing material. But became prohibited for waterline eventually: -asbestos poses health risks to humans beyond the inhalation of fibres. -owing to the risk of workers contracting lung cancer by breathing in asbestos dust AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HISTORY OF PLUMBING 1972: Republic Act No. 6541 otherwise known as the “Building Code of the Philippines" was passed with the "National Plumbing Code of 1959" as referral code in full text. 1996: NAMPAP President JAIME M. CABASE spearheaded the updating of the Revised National Plumbing Code AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HISTORY OF PLUMBING October 1999 : NAMPAP submitted the Draft Code to the Board of Master Plumbers (BOMP) Chaired by Engr. FORTUNATO H. AMOSCO. HERMOGENES POBRE: (PRC Chairman) adopted the Revised Plumbing Code of 1999 December 21, 1999 : President JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA approved R.A. 1378 known as the Plumbing Law. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: CONCEPTS OF PLUMBING PLUMBING: -any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications. -a system of pipes, valves, fixtures, tanks, and other apparatus installed in a building for the distribution and use of potable (drinkable) water, the removal of waterborne wastes (wastewater/grey water and black water), and storm drainage. 3 MAJOR PARAMETERS I. WATERLINE SYSTEM: -delivers fresh water into houses through pipes. -conveys or carries clean water that most commonly comes from a municipal source. 2 types: a. Cold waterline: brings cold water directly from the water pipe in the street to the stop tap in the house. b. Hot waterline: delivers hot water to fixtures AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: CONCEPTS OF PLUMBING PLUMBING: -any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications. -a system of pipes, valves, fixtures, tanks, and other apparatus installed in a building for the distribution and use of potable (drinkable) water and the removal of waterborne wastes (wastewater/grey water and black water). 3 MAJOR PARAMETERS II. SANITARY LINE SYSTEM: -a system of underground pipes that carries sewage from bathrooms, sinks, kitchens, and other plumbing components to a wastewater treatment plant where it is filtered, treated and discharged. 2 types of waterborne wastes: a. Wastewater/grey water : relatively clean waste water from baths, sinks, washing machines, and other kitchen appliances. b. Black water : waste water from toilets. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: CONCEPTS OF PLUMBING PLUMBING: -any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications. -a system of pipes, valves, fixtures, tanks, and other apparatus installed in a building for the distribution and use of potable (drinkable) water and the removal of waterborne wastes (wastewater/grey water and black water). 3 MAJOR PARAMETERS III. STORM DRAINAGE LINE SYSTEM: -a network of structures, channels and underground pipes that carry stormwater (rain water) to ponds, lakes, streams and rivers. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) ABS: Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene :a black plastic pipe that is commonly used for drainage, sewage, and vents. AIRBREAK: a physical separation which may be a low inlet into the indirect waste receptor from the fixture, appliance or device indirectly connected. AIR GAP, DRAINAGE : an unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe, plumbing fixture, appliance or appurtenance conveying waste to the flood level rim of the receptor. AIR GAP, WATER DISTRIBUTION: an unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet conveying potable water to the flood-level rim of any tank, vat or fixture. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) BACKFLOW: the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water from any source other than from its intended source. BACKPRESSURE BACKFLOW: occurs due to an increased reverse pressure above the supply pressure. This may be due to pumps, boilers, gravity or other sources of pressure. BACKFLOW PREVENTER: device or means to prevent flow of liquid from returning to the source of supply. Also called vacuum breaker. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) BACK-SIPHONAGE: the flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply pipe due to a negative pressure in such pipe. See backflow. BACKWATER VALVE: a device installed in a drainage system to prevent reverse flow. BACKVENT PIPE: the part of a vent line, which connects directly with an individual trap underneath or behind the fixture. This is sometimes called an individual vent or Revent pipe. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) BALL COCK: a valve opened and closed by the fall and rise, respectively, of an attached ball floating on the surface of the liquid. BALL FLOAT: regulating flow through pipelines and other piping systems in the gas, oil, water and other industries. BATHROOM: a room equipped with a shower stall or bathtub. FULL BATH-a shower, bathtub, sink, and toilet. 3/4 BATH-toilet, sink, and a shower stall without a bathtub ½ BATH-one sink and one toilet AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) BATTERY OF FIXTURES: any of two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal soil or waste branch. BELL OR HUB: that portion of a pipe which, for a short distance, is sufficiently enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of making a caulked or push-on joint BIBB: synonymous with faucet, cock, tap, plug, etc. The word "faucet" is preferred. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) BIDET: A plumbing fixtures used for washing the middle private part of the body, especially the genitals. Also called a "sitz" bath. BLANK FLANGE: a flat, usually circular plate with no openings. It’s used to cover or close the end of a pipe, valve, or vessel. Blank flanges are commonly used in piping systems for maintenance, testing, or when a future connection might be required. BLIND FLANGE: a type of pipe flange that has no opening, or “bore,” in its center; has a solid face that is bolted onto another part of a pipe or other piece of equipment; most commonly used when there is an unused connection point on a pipeline or piece of equipment that needs to be sealed off temporarily or permanently. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) BRANCH: any part of piping system other than main, riser or stack. -any horizontal pipe; waste branch, branch vent, soil branch, & etc. BRANCH INTERVAL: a length of soil or waste stack corresponding in general to a story height, but in no case less than 2.43 meters within which the horizontal branches from one floor or story of a building are connected to the stack. BRAZED JOINT: any joint obtained by joining of metal parts with alloys which melt at temperatures higher than 449 degrees centigrade, but lower than the melting temperature of the parts to be joined. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) BUILDING/HOUSE DRAIN: that part of the lowest horizontal piping of a drainage system which receives the discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building and conveys it to the building sewer beginning 0.6 meter outside the building wall. BUILDING/HOUSE SEWER: part of the horizontal piping of a drainage system which starts from the end of the building drain and which receives the discharge of the building drain and conveys it to a public sewer, private sewer. BUILDING SUBDRAIN: that portion of an underground system, which cannot drain by gravity into the building sewer. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) BUILDING SUPPLY: the pipe carrying potable water from the water meter. Building supply shall also mean “water service connection”. CAULKING: plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials that are pounded into the annular space. Usually for cast iron pipe joint connection (for drainage only). CAP: a fitting, screwed or caulked over the end of a pipe for closing the pipe end. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) CATCH BASIN: a receptacle in which liquids are retained for sufficient period of time to allow settleable material to deposit. CESSPOOL: a non-watertight lined excavation in the ground which receives the discharge of a sanitary drainage system; designed to retain the organic matter and solids; permitting the liquid to seep through the bottom and sides of the cesspool. CHASE: a vertical shaft for installation of different pipe stacks. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) CHECK VALVE: a valve that automatically closes to prevent the flow of liquid or gas in a reverse direction; check reversal flow. CIRCUIT VENT: to provide circulation of air between drainage and vent systems or to act as an auxiliary vent on a specially designed system. COMMON VENT: serving 2 fixture drains (unit vent or dual vent). AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) CONTAMINATION: an impairment of the quality of the potable water which creates an actual hazard to the public (hazardous); HIGH HAZARD. CONDUCTOR OR DOWNSPOUT: a vertical pipe to convey rainwater. CORPORATION COCK: a stop valve placed at the connection of the water service pipe to the water main. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) DEVELOPED LENGTH: the length of a pipe along its centreline and fittings. DOMESTIC SEWAGE: the liquid and water-home wastes derived from the ordinary living processes, free from industrial wastes. DRAIN: a pipe, which carries ground and surface waters, storm water or wastewater into a building drainage system (floor drain, shower drain, deck drain, roof drain, & etc). AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) DRAINAGE SYSTEM: includes all the piping within public or private premises which convey sewage or other liquid wastes to a legal point of disposal but does not include the mains of a public sewer system. -Sanitary (drain, waste, vent) & storm. FIXTURE: a receptacle other than a trap attached to a plumbing system in which water or wastes may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system. FIXTURE BRANCH: the water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and the water- distributing pipe. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) FIXTURE DRAIN: the drainpipe from the trap of a fixture to the junction of that drain with any other drainpipe. FIXTURE SUPPLY : a water supply pipe connecting the fixture with the fixture branch. FIXTURE UNIT : the quantity in terms of which the load producing effects or water requirements on the plumbing system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed in some arbitrarily chosen scale. One fixture unit is equivalent to a rate of flow at 28.3 litres per minute (1 cu. ft./minute). AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) FLOOD LEVEL RIM: is the top edge of a receptacle from where water overflows. FLUSH TANK: a tank located above or integral with water closet, urinal or similar fixtures for flushing or removing excrements in the fixture. FLUSH VALVE: is a device located at the bottom of the tank for the purpose of flushing waster closet and similar fixtures. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) FLUSHOMETER TANK: using water pressure from the water source itself; air accumulator vessel which is designed to discharge a predetermined quantity of water into fixtures for flushing purposes.. FLUSHOMETER VALVE: is a device, which discharges a predetermined quantity of water into fixtures for flushing purposes and is actuated by direct water pressure. GATE VALVE: a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disc fitted against machine-smoothed faces, at right angles to the direction of flow. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) GREASE TRAP: a device designed to retain grease from one (1) to a maximum of four (4) fixtures. GROUND WATER: the water that stands in or passes through the ground. GROUP VENT: a branch vent that performs its functions for two (2) or more traps. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) GLOBE VALVE: the flow of fluid is cut off by means of a circular disc that fits over and against the horizontal valve seat. The movement of the plane of disc is parallel to the normal direction of flow of water through the orifice resulting to a tortuous passage (throttling effect) which offers a high pressure loss. Usually installed at the bottom of shower supply.) GOOSENECK: a return bend of small-sized pipe, one end of which is about 30 cm long and the other end is about 7. 5 cm long. It is commonly used as a faucet for a pantry sink. Also, the term means the flexible tubing connection between a service pipe and a water main. GREASE INTERCEPTOR: an interceptor of at least 3 cubic meters capacity to serve one or more fixtures and which is remotely located. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) INVERT: The lowest portion of the interior part of any pipe or conduit that is not vertical. LATRINE: a water closet consisting of a continuous trough containing water. The trough extends under two or more adjacent seats. Prohibited by health authorities for permanent installations. LAVATORY: a fixture designed for the washing of the hands or face. Sometimes called a wash basin.. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) LOCAL VENT: a pipe or shaft to convey foul air from a plumbing fixture or a room to the outer air. LOW HAZARD: polluted water; impairment of the quality of the water to a degree which creates hazard to the public health and adversely affects the aesthetic and potable qualities of waters for domestic use. MAIN VENT: the p1incipal artery of the venting system to which vent branches are connected. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) NAMPAP: National Master OFFSET: in a line of piping is a Plumbers Association of the combination of elbows or bends, Philippines. which brings one section of the pipe out of line but into a line parallel with the original section. PB: Polybutylene; tube made of plastic material and colored black. The cross- sectional shape is normally oval and is denoted by its outside diameter or 0.D. Normally used as water service connection from main to meter. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PLUMBING TERMINOLOGIES (RA 1378) PE: Polyethylene; tube made PIPE: a cylindrical conduit or of plastic material and colored conductor conforming to the black. The cross-sectional shape particular dimensions commonly is circular and is denoted by its known as “pipe size” and is denoted outside diameter or O.D. by its interior diameter or l.D. PLUMBING: the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply, liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing them~ and such water, liquid and other carried wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life) property~ also the pipes and fixtures after installation i.e., the plumbing system. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PRINCIPLE OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS Principle no. 1: CLEAN WATER: All premises intended for human habitation, occupancy or use shall be provided with a supply of pure and wholesome water, Neither connected with unsafe water supplies Nor subject to hazards of backflow or back-siphonage. Principle no. 2: VOLUME AND PRESSURE: Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume and at a pressure adequate to enable them to function satisfactorily and Without undue noise under all normal conditions of use. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PRINCIPLE OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS Principle no. 3: EFFICIENCY: Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with proper performance & cleaning. Principle no. 4: EXPLOSION: Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to prevent dangers from explosion through overheating. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PRINCIPLE OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS Principle no. 5: SEWER: Every building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation, occupancy or use on premises abutting(adjacent to) a street, alley or easement where there is a public sewer, shall be connected to the sewer system. Principle no. 6: PLUMBING UNIT: Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting on a sewer or with a private sewage - disposal system shall have a minimum standard quantity of plumbing fixtures that discharge wastes into a plumbing installation including: one (1) water meter, one (1) water closet, one (1) lavatory, one ( 1) shower head and drain tor a bathtub or shower stall, one ( 1) kitchen sink, one ( 1) laundry tray and three ( 3) floor drains and four (4) faucets/hose bibb. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PRINCIPLE OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS Principle no. 7: VENTILATION: Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non-absorbent material, free from concealed fouling surfaces and Shall be located in ventilated enclosures. Principle no. 8: CLEANOUTS: The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained to safeguard against fouling , deposit of solids, clogging and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that the pipes may be readily cleaned. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PRINCIPLE OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS Principle no. 9: NAMPAP: All pipings of plumbing systems shall be of durable NAMPAP APPROVED materials, free from defective workmanship , designed and constructed by Registered Master Plumbers to ensure satisfactory service. Principle no. 10: TRAP: Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a water- sealed trap. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PRINCIPLE OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS Principle no. 11: AIR CIRCULATION: The drainage piping system shall be designed to provide adequate circulation of air free from siphonage, aspiration(inhalation/suction) or forcing of trap seals under ordinary use. Principle no. 12: VENT TERMINALS: Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to preempt clogging and the return of foul air to the building. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PRINCIPLE OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS Principle no. 13: TEST: Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the workmanship. Principle no. 14: SEWAGE HARM: No substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PRINCIPLE OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS Principle no. 15: CONTAMINATION: Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods and similar materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be connected indirectly with the building drainage system. Principle no. 16: WC LIGHT: No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is not properly lighted and ventilated. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PRINCIPLE OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS Principle no. 17: SEPTIC TANK: If water closets or other plumbing fixtures are installed in buildings where there is no sewer within a reasonable distance, suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the building sewage by some accepted method of sewage treatment and disposal, such as a septic tank. Principle no. 18: SEWAGE BACKFLOW: Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow in the building. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PRINCIPLE OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS RMP: Plumbing systems shall be Principle no. 19: maintained in serviceable condition by Registered Master Plumbers. Principle no. 20: ACCESIBLE: All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to be accessible for their intended use. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PRINCIPLE OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS Principle no. 21: STRUCTURAL STABILITY: Plumbing shall be installed by Registered Master Plumbers with due regard to the preservation of the strength of structural members and the prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture usage Principle no. 22: SEWAGE TREATMENT: Sewage or other waste from a plumbing system which may be deleterious (harmful/ toxic)to surface or sub -surface waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any waterway, unless first rendered inn ocuous through subjection to some acceptable form of treatment AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES OF WATER SOURCES/SUPPLY NATURAL WATER CYCLE / HYDROLOGIC CYCLE -the pathways of water as it moves in its various phases through the atmosphere, to the Earth, over and through the land, to the ocean, and back to the atmosphere. -general circulation of water from the oceans to the atmosphere, to the ground, and back to the oceans. PROCESSES (from LIQUID or SOLID to WATER VAPOR) 1.) EVAPORATION: the process that changes liquid water to gaseous water (water vapor). -SUBLIMATION: conversion of a substance from the solid to the gaseous state without its becoming liquid (snow or ice). -TRANSPIRATION: evaporation of water from the leaves of the plant. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES OF WATER SOURCES/SUPPLY NATURAL WATER CYCLE / HYDROLOGIC CYCLE -the pathways of water as it moves in its various phases through the atmosphere, to the Earth, over and through the land, to the ocean, and back to the atmosphere. -general circulation of water from the oceans to the atmosphere, to the ground, and back to the oceans. PROCESSES (from WATER VAPOR to LIQUID or SOLID) B.) CONDENSATION: it is the process where water vapor becomes liquid. -ADVECTION/TRANSPORATION: the transfer of heat or matter by the flow of a fluid, especially horizontally in the atmosphere or the sea (before precipitation). AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES OF WATER SOURCES/SUPPLY NATURAL WATER CYCLE / HYDROLOGIC CYCLE -the pathways of water as it moves in its various phases through the atmosphere, to the Earth, over and through the land, to the ocean, and back to the atmosphere. -general circulation of water from the oceans to the atmosphere, to the ground, and back to the oceans. PROCESSES (from WATER VAPOR to LIQUID or SOLID) C.) PRECIPITATION: A form of water, such as rain, snow, or sleet, that condenses from the atmosphere, becomes too heavy to remain suspended, and falls to the Earth's surface. -DEPOSITION: The water vapour in the clouds changes directly to ice and skips the liquid phase entirely. This can only occur in freezing temperatures (snow or ice). AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES OF WATER SOURCES/SUPPLY NATURAL WATER CYCLE / HYDROLOGIC CYCLE -the pathways of water as it moves in its various phases through the atmosphere, to the Earth, over and through the land, to the ocean, and back to the atmosphere. -general circulation of water from the oceans to the atmosphere, to the ground, and back to the oceans. PROCESSES (from WATER VAPOR to LIQUID or SOLID) C.) PRECIPITATION: A form of water, such as rain, snow, or sleet, that condenses from the atmosphere, becomes too heavy to remain suspended, and falls to the Earth's surface. -INFILTRATION: The water soaks into the soil and moves into the pores and cracks of the rocks. Water is pulled down into the soil by gravity and capillary action (movement of water within the spaces of a porous material due to the forces). AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES OF WATER SOURCES/SUPPLY NATURAL WATER CYCLE / HYDROLOGIC CYCLE -the pathways of water as it moves in its various phases through the atmosphere, to the Earth, over and through the land, to the ocean, and back to the atmosphere. -general circulation of water from the oceans to the atmosphere, to the ground, and back to the oceans. PROCESSES (from WATER VAPOR to LIQUID or SOLID) C.) PRECIPITATION: A form of water, such as rain, snow, or sleet, that condenses from the atmosphere, becomes too heavy to remain suspended, and falls to the Earth's surface. -PERCOLATION: the movement of water through the soil itself directly to the ground water table. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES OF WATER SOURCES/SUPPLY NATURAL WATER CYCLE / HYDROLOGIC CYCLE -the pathways of water as it moves in its various phases through the atmosphere, to the Earth, over and through the land, to the ocean, and back to the atmosphere. -general circulation of water from the oceans to the atmosphere, to the ground, and back to the oceans. PROCESSES (from WATER VAPOR to LIQUID or SOLID) C.) PRECIPITATION: A form of water, such as rain, snow, or sleet, that condenses from the atmosphere, becomes too heavy to remain suspended, and falls to the Earth's surface. -INTERCEPTION: the process of interrupting the movement of water in the chain of transportation events leading to streams. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES OF WATER SOURCES/SUPPLY NATURAL WATER CYCLE / HYDROLOGIC CYCLE -the pathways of water as it moves in its various phases through the atmosphere, to the Earth, over and through the land, to the ocean, and back to the atmosphere. -general circulation of water from the oceans to the atmosphere, to the ground, and back to the oceans. PROCESSES (from WATER VAPOR to LIQUID or SOLID) C.) PRECIPITATION: A form of water, such as rain, snow, or sleet, that condenses from the atmosphere, becomes too heavy to remain suspended, and falls to the Earth's surface. -SURFACE WATER RUNOFF: the precipitation falls on the land, flows overland (runoff), and runs into rivers, which then empty into the oceans. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: ENGINEERED WATER CYCLE ENGINEERED/HUMAN WATER CYCLE -describes how humans get, use and reuse water. -focus on cultivating drinking water sources, while others treat water so it is safe for public consumption and treat wastewater before it is returned to the natural environment AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PROPERTIES AND IMPURITIES OF WATER PROPERTIES OF WATER 1. Water is polar. -a positive charge on the hydrogen pole and a negative charge on the oxygen pole (having electrical or magnetic polarity). 2. Water is an excellent solvent. -Water has the unique ability to dissolve many polar and ionic substances. -”universal solvent” : water can dissolve much more substances than any other liquid found in nature but water cannot dissolve every substance. 3. Water has high heat capacity. -It takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature of a certain amount of water by a degree, so water helps with regulating temperature in the environment. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PROPERTIES AND IMPURITIES OF WATER PROPERTIES OF WATER 4. Water has high heat of vaporization -Since sweat is made mostly of water, the evaporating water absorbs excess body heat, which is released into the atmosphere. This is known as evaporative cooling. 5. Water has cohesive and adhesive properties -Cohesion: the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind -Adhesion: the attraction of molecules for other molecules of a different kind 6. Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid -As water freezes, the molecules form a crystalline structure that spaces the molecules further apart than in liquid water. This means that ice is less dense than liquid water, which is why it floats. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PROPERTIES AND IMPURITIES OF WATER IMPURITIES OF WATER 1. Dust: (can be treated through filtration) 2. Dirt: (can be treated through boiling) 3. Harmful chemicals: Lead, Nitrate, Pesticides, Arsenic, Chlorine, Ammonia, Mercury, Copper, Cadmium, & etc. -can be treated through Reverse Osmosis Systems: water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances 4. Biological contaminants: bacteria, algae, organic waste, amino acids, pathogens, viruses, microbes, and parasites. -can be treated through boiling, ultraviolet sterilization (disinfection technique employing ultraviolet (UV) light), and filtration). 5. Radiological contaminants: for example, radioactive radium and uranium are found in small amounts in almost all rock and soil, and can dissolve in water (can be treated through Reverse Osmosis Systems) 6. Total suspended solids (TSS): visible particles that can make water appear cloudy or hazy (can be treated through Oxidizing (atoms lose electrons) , physical filtration, coagulation and flocculation, and aerobic and anaerobic treatments). AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: TREATMENT METHODS FOR WATER WATER TREATMENT A. PHYSICAL PROCESSES 1. Sedimentation: the process of settling or being deposited as a sediment. 2. Filtration: the use of a filter medium that permits the fluid to pass through but retains the solid particles. 3. Distillation: the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling. 4. Dilution: Adding water (diluting) and decreasing the concentration of a pollutant was thought to reduce negative impacts on the environment. B. BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES 1. Sand filters: used for the removal of suspended matter, as well as floating and sinkable particles. 2. Adsorption: applied for the removal of dissolved impurities. The most common process is application of activated carbon for removal of organic substances. 3. Ultraviolet sterilization: disinfection technique employing ultraviolet (UV) light). AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: TREATMENT METHODS FOR WATER WATER TREATMENT C. CHEMICAL PROCESSES 1. Oxidation: atoms lose electrons; the transfer of four electrons from water to an oxidant, coupled with the release of four protons , with this, it helps change harmful contaminants into less toxic ones. 2. Coagulation: used to remove solids from water, by manipulating electrostatic charges of particles suspended in water -combining small particles into larger aggregates (flocs) and for adsorbing dissolved organic matter on to particulate aggregates so that these impurities can be removed in subsequent solid/liquid separation processes. 3. Flocculation: to prepare the solids for subsequent removal; reduces the number of suspended solids particles as smaller particles combine to form larger ones. 4. Disinfection: to kill germ, parasites, bacteria, or viruses in the water (using chlorine, chloramine, or chlorine dioxide); 4 milligrams per liter. 5. Reverse Osmosis Systems: water purification process that uses a semi- permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: TREATMENT METHODS FOR WATER WATER TREATMENT C. CHEMICAL PROCESSES 6. Fluoridation: approximately 0.7 milligrams of fluoride per liter of water; this is the optimal level for preventing tooth decay ; neutralized chlorine (acidic if too much) & made it Alkaline Water (indigestion and malnutrition if too much alkaline). 7. Sodium Hydroxide: reduces corrosivity, extends life of pipelines, storage tanks, plumbing systems 8. PH-Balance: Potential of Hydrogen Balance; in general, a water with a pH < 7 is considered acidic and with a pH > 7 is considered basic. The normal range for pH in surface water systems is 6.5 to 8.5 and for groundwater systems 6 to 8.5. 9. Apog or Lime: soften hard water which naturally has iron and manganese. 10. Granular Activated Carbon (GAC): removal of taste/odor compounds AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: WATER STORAGE SYSTEM TYPES 1. Underground tank/Cistern tank: can either be potable or non-potable. 2. Above ground tank: can either be potable or non-potable. 3. Overhead /Elevated tank: can either be potable or non-potable. AR213/S: BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap MODULE 1-4: PARTS AND FUNCTION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES 1. Direct-Upfeed: tankless; from water main directly to fixtures; all the cold tap water supply is drawn by the mains. 2. Indirect-Upfeed: from water main to cistern to pump to fixtures 3. Indirect-Downfeed: from water main to cistern to pump to overhead tank down to fixtures by gravity