Building Utilities 1 Lecture Notes PDF

ARCHITECTURE - 1ST SEMESTER Building Utilities 1 Lecture Notes ___ COVERAGE Large public latrines, I. Plu...

ARCHITECTURE - 1ST SEMESTER Building Utilities 1 Lecture Notes ___ COVERAGE Large public latrines, I. Plumbing sometimes > marble II. seats ○ 1500’s I. Plumbing Type of water closet Art & science of creating & maintaining was developed sanitary conditions in buildings ○ Mid 1800’s Art & science of installing repairing & Septic tanks were servicing pipes, fixtures & appurtenances introduced Art & science of installing in building the ○ 1860’s pipes, fixtures and other appurtenances Modern sewage system Derivative of > Latin word ○ PLUMBUM Basic Plumbing Principles Common metallic 1. All human habitation, occupancy, or use element lead shall be provided with a supply of clean Widely used for piping & and wholesome water, no way for dirty water channels esp. waters to intersect with clean waters Roman Empire (backflow or backsiphonage. ○ PLUMBARUS 2. Plumbing fixtures, devices, and A person who worked in appurtenances shall be supplied with the field of sanitation water in sufficient volume and at pressure adequate to enable to function Historical Background satisfactorily and without undue noise One of the oldest artifacts unearthed under all normal conditions of use. was a copper pipe used in a water 3. Plumbing fixtures shall be designed and system found in ancient palace ruins adjusted to use the minimum quantity Around 2,500 BC > Egyptians - copper of water consistent with proper pipe -> irrigation & sewerage systems performance and cleaning. Ancient Babylon > skillful planning of 4. Devices for heating and storing water excavated city-wide canal networks, shall be so designed and stored as to science of hydraulics had been prevent danger from explosions established part of infrastructure through overheating. Inhabitants of Crete > freshwater cisterns > means of collecting water for drinking, 5. Every building having plumbing fixtures washing, bathing and cooking purposes installed and intended for human Roman Empire (500 BC-455 AD) > habitation, occupancy, or use on wide-scale advances (sanitation); premises abutting a street, alley, or plumbing were implemented easement in which there is a public sewer shall have a connection with the ○ Aqueducts sewer. Built to convey water 6. Each family dwelling unit or premises from sources to houses with a sewer or with a private sewage ○ Extensive underground sewer disposal system shall have at least one systems water closet and one kitchen-type sink. ○ Construction of underground 7. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of ○ Public baths smooth, non-absorbent material, shall be Bath of diocletians > free from concealed fouling surfaces, 3,200 bathers and shall be located in ventilated Lines with ceramic tiles enclosures. ○ Roman bath houses 8. The drainage shall be designed, constructed, and maintained so as to  ARCHITECTURE - 1ST SEMESTER Building Utilities 1 Lecture Notes ___ guard against fouling, deposit of solids, 20. All plumbing fixtures shall be so installed and clogging, and with adequate with regards to spacing as to be cleanouts so arranged that the pipes reasonably accessible for their intended may be readily cleaned. use. 9. The piping of the plumbing system shall 21. Plumbing shall be installed with due be of durable material, free from regard to preservation of the strength of defective workmanship, and so designed the structural members and prevention and constructed as to give satisfactory of damage to the walls and other service for its reasonable expected life. surfaces. 10. Each fixture directly connected to the 22. Sewage or other waste from a plumbing drainage system shall be equipped with system which may be deleterious to a water seal trap - prevent foul smell surface or subsurface waters shall not be 11. The drainage system shall be designed discharged into the ground or any to provide an adequate circulation of air waterway unless it has been first in all pipes with no danger of siphonage, rendered innocuous through subjection aspiration, or forcing of trap seals under to some acceptable form of treatment conditions of ordinary use. 12. Each vent terminal shall extend to the outer air and be so installed as to minimize the possibilities of clogging and the return of foul air to the building. 13. The plumbing system shall be subjected to such tests as will effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the work 14. No substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints, or interfere unduly with the sewage disposal process shall be allowed to enter the building drainage system. 15. Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods, and similar materials by backflow of sewage. (gap > large scale kitchens) 16. No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment that is not properly lighted and ventilated. 17. Water closets or other plumbing fixtures are installed in buildings where there is no sewer with a reasonable distance, suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the building sewage by some acceptable method of sewage treatment and disposal. 18. Plumbing drainage system may be subjected to a backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow in the building. 19. Plumbing systems shall be maintained in a sanitary and serviceable condition.