Spanish Exploration of Florida PDF

) LA FLORIDA Ponce de Leon explored the Florida coast while searching for the Fountain of Youth. second voyage. Later, he helped conquer The Spanish Puerto Rico. While in Puerto Rico, Ponce...

) LA FLORIDA Ponce de Leon explored the Florida coast while searching for the Fountain of Youth. second voyage. Later, he helped conquer The Spanish Puerto Rico. While in Puerto Rico, Ponce Explore Florida de Leon heard about an island to the north called Bimini (BIH muh nee). He After Spain had claimed land in the also may have heard that the island had a Americas, more Spanish explorers and so-called Fountain of Youth. Its water sup- soldiers soon sailed there. Some wanted posedly made old people young again. to find adventure and riches. Some In 1513, Ponce de Le6n set out to find dreamed of becoming rich through trade, Bimini. Instead, he landed in what is by selling things in Europe they had now the state of Florida. He named the found in the Americas. Others wanted to land Ln Florida, Spanish for "flowery," win national glory and to convert Native and claimed it for Spain. Americans to Christianity. In 1521, Ponce de Le6n returned to Florida to start a settlement. The Calusa Juan Ponce de Leon t tribe defended their land against the The king of Spain encouraged the Spanish. Ponce de Le6n was wounded explorers. He offered large sums of and later died. He never found the money, called grants, to those who led Fountain of Youth. Instead, he became expeditions. These Spanish explorers the first Spanish explorer to set foot on and soldiers became known as land that became part of the United conquistadors (kahn KEES tah dawrz), II II States. or conquerors. One of these conquistadors was Juan READING CHECK~MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS Ponce de Le6n (P0HN say day lay OHN). What was Ponce de le{m the first Spanish He had sailed with Columbus on his explorer to do? Chapter 3 129  Early Conquistadors Co rtes took Motecuh zom.a pnY-Jr4",r, and fighting broke out between the Jn 1519, Spain sent Hernand o Cortes Spanish and the Aztecs. The Aztecs w~~ to find gold in the land of the Aztecs. strong fighters, but they d id not have Cortes landed in what is now Mexico horses or guns like the Spanish. Many with about 650 soldiers. He and his Aztecs died in battles, but most died frorn soldiers marched west from the coast diseases carried by the soldiers. By 1321, toward the Aztec capital, Tenochti tlan Cortes had conquere d the Aztecs. On the (tay nohc h teet LA HN). The Aztec ruins of Tenochti tlan, the Spanish built Empire covered 80,000 square miles. As Mexico City. The city became the capital many as 5 million people lived in the of Spain's new empire in the Americas. empire, but some disliked the Aztecs' harsh rule, so they helped the Spanish. The Seven Cities of Gold After Cortes found gold among the The Fall of the Aztecs Aztecs, the Spanish went on looking for Cortes was also helped by the Aztecs' more riches. Spanish leaders in Mexico belief that a light-skin ned god would one City heard a Native America n story about day return to rule them. Motecuhz oma seven cities of gold. They sent a priest (moh tay kwah S OH mah ), the Aztec named Marcos de Niza (day NEE sah) emperor, thought that Cortes might be on an expeditio n. De Niza took along this god. He welcome d Cortes, but this an enslaved African named Estevani co peace did not last very long. (es tay v ahn EE k oh), who knew about Spanish Conquistador and Aztec Warrior IUUSTRATION A Spanish conquistador (left) had stronger weapons than an Aztac warrior had {right). How might conquistadors dn ho.ru1 have had advantages overAztec. wardors on foot? Armor made of Horse quilted leather Armor made of steel Wood shield with feather fringe Harquebus, a gun invented in the 1400s Wooden club 130 ~ Unit 2  Conquistadors in North America - Ponce de Leon, 1513 - Cortes, 1519 -- - la De Soto, 1539-1542 Coronado, 1540-1542 Cabrillo, 1542 Aztec Empire Present-day border 0 MOVEMENT Which conquistador crossed the Mississippi River? - the region. During the expediti on, cities. Coronad o explored lands in what Estevan ico was killed. De Niza, howeve r, is now the southwe stern United States. returned and said he had seen a golden In all his travels, he never found any city. gold. Coronad o brought no riches back to Mexico City, but he had claimed lands for Coronado in the Southwest Spain. The Spanish lands that included Francisco Vasque z de Coronado what are today Mexico, the southwe stern (kawr o h NAH doh) heard Marcos de United States, and Florida became known Niza's story. In 1540, he set out with as New Spain. about 300 soldiers , several enslave d Africans , and more than 1,000 enslave d READING CHECK eMAIN IDEA AND DETAILS Native Americ ans to find fue golden What was the aim of Coronado's expedition? Chapter 3 ~. 131  De Soto in the Southeast Expeditions Continue Another conquistador named More conquistadors wanted to explore Hernando de Soto (day SOH toh) the Americas. They came to the Americas explored the southeastern United States. to claim land and find gold. In 1539, he and 600 men sailed from Cuba and landed near Tampa Bay. Later, they Pizarro and the Incas became the first Europeans to see the Francisco Pizarro was a Spanish Mississippi River. conquistador. In 1531, he led 180 sol- De Soto and his soldiers met many diers on an expedition into the western Native Americans during this expedition. coast of South America. There, he and his These meetings often ended in bloody soldiers met with people from the Inca battles. One of the worst battles took Empire, which was led by Atahuallpa place against the Mobile tribe in what is (ah tah WAHL pah). now the state of Alabama. A priest traveling with Pizarro told the In 1542, de Soto died of a fever. Of the Inca leader that the Incas had to accept 600 men who started the journey, only Christianity and Spanish rule. Atahuallpa about 300 survived. De Soto and his men said no, and Pizarro and his soldiers claimed the land they explored. Spanish attacked the Incas. claims now covered much of the southern The Spanish took Atahuallpa prisoner, half of what is now the United States. so the Inca were left without a leader. After Atahuallpa's death, Pizarro traveled READING CH-ECK BMAIN IDEA AND DETAILS to Cuzco, the capital of the Inca Empire, What part of the present-day United States did and took control of the region. de Soto explore and claim? > DE SOTO'S EXPEDITION In addition to soldiers, de Soto's expedition included priests, farmers, and Native American scouts.  Protestants. They began new churches, Missionaries to America including the Lutheran Church. \Vhile the conqujstadors were explor- As a result, the Catholic Church made ing the An1ericas, many changes were some changes. It also tried to keep its taking place in Europe. Some people power through efforts now called the began to question the power of the Counter-Reformation. The Church Catholic Church. At the time, the Church banned books that went against its forced people to follow its rules and to teachings. People who protested Catholic pay taxes. It even had its own courts. The laws were punished in Church courts. During the Counter-Reformation, courts could punish people for disagree- ing with Church laws. the Catholic Church worked on spreading its power to the Americas. Church lead- Religious Reforms ers wanted to gain new followers. They In 1517, a German priest named also wanted to share in the wealth of the Martin Luther began to call openly for lands claimed by European countries. To reforms, or changes, in the Catholic do this, the Church sent religious teach- Church. This period of reforms is called ers, or missionaries, to convert Native the Reformation. Luther was forced out Americans to the Catholic Church. of the Church, but he gained many sup- Soon after coming to the Americas, porters. Those who protested the actions missionaries held ceremonies to make of Catholic leaders became known as Native Americans they met Catholic. - ,.,. - ~ -~ ~ ~ m "',?.-. ,.-. ' , --. 11 ~ '.#.,_ I '..- I ; - I ;. /./ ,...,;..,.........,...~) ·. - & "' I ,., ' ~ )~ I ·~·- \'. ' »". I. ~-.,.< ' ;...... '....:.-(~ \,, r 3,,..-,. ~'. '.. :-::: r· !{. "- ·.'. -l ~.,..,,...:. ~. ~ {'· M \_-. ~' !,· '.. ~ - ,;;i;. ""'°'"., -~ - ·--"7:.-....,._,· -~. :'· F ·- ·- N·~-~. ;.r ; · !!"Ni- · ~~-. · it · i(i..y ,\ ·,-/:/ ·"/1--' --.:. _ '. ' ~ ""l ·, '.~.I ' ,_, l '-., ,..:.-.-.:... ·~-.. ,inll,..-,. · t ' t'\· \. U..ii, ·2' :, 9. ·l-. - ~~- :.\~~~. - ~._ ( ~~ l ;c· ,..;-- - · ~ '. \~?... :- ~: } -~.....:·. r.-,.~ ·;_. '.. ,,,. ' ; :. i ,. ,, ,c.., '.. ' ,~i; '15-1 I; :. J. ': ( ~~.© ~-, ll~L , ~- ·" ~....... 'c( f')J.  It was n ot u n til late r that the mission- aries actually s tarte d te a c hing them abo ut Catholic b e liefs. Some m ission- a ries forced N ati v e Americans to become Catho lic and also enslav ed them. Many N ative Americans fough t to hold on to their beliefs, but o thers were forced to change how they liv ed and worshippe d. READING CHECK8MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS What was the main result of the Counter- Refonnation in the Americas? Spanish conquistad ors such as Juan Ponce de Leon, Hernando Cortes, Francisco Coronado, Francisco Pizarro, and Hernando de Soto explored and claimed large areas of the Americas for Spain. Missionarie s brought Cathol ic > MISSIONARIES Saint Ignatius founded the Jesuits, a Catholic group that did missionary work. beliefs to Native Americans. -- REVIE W 1. WHAT TO KNOW Why did the Spanish 5. ~ WRITE A JOURNAL Imagine explore and conquer large areas of the.,' \ that you are traveling with one of Americas? the explorers discussed in this lesson. Write a journal entry describing the 2. VOCABULARY Describe the effects of the places you have been. Counter-Reformation on the Americas. 3. GEOGRAPHY What lands in the Americas 6. Focus MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS On a separate sheet of paper, copy sk i ll made up the Spanish empire known as and complete this graphic organizer. New Spain? 4. CRITICAL THINKING What were some effects of Spanish exploration of the The Spanish explored and built settlements in the Americas? Americas. * 'li!Miia r- _J___l~___J 134 Unit 2  ~-, -,=--~ ,l 'cl t ~7,. ':j.tt'ffe, '-'·.F. ;...J.~~1if{..~ · ·~...... :~1,-\-··*~ ) THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE For hundreds of years, European explorers searched for the Northwest Passage. thought that Asia might be reached The Northwest Passage more easily by sailing through or around By the early 1500s, Spain ruled over a North America. This belief led explor- large and very rich empire. Spanish ships ers to search for a route they called the returned from the Americas with treasure Northwest Passage. chests full of gold and silver. New expe- The first country to find this waterway ditions also added to Spain's growing would control an important new trade land claims. The rulers of other European route between Europe and Asia and gain countries still wanted to find a shortcut great riches. Some European countries to Asia so that they too could gain wealth sent explorers to look for the Northwest and power. Passage. The search began in the 1500s and lasted for hundreds of years. Searching for a New Route The route followed by Magellan's expe- READIN-GCHECK 6MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS dition around South America to Asia was Why did European explorers want to find the long and dangerous. Many people Northwest Passage? Chapter 3 139  Verrazano and Cartier ,,My intenti.on {aimJ on thi41 voy.-JS'- was to reach Cathay and the 6tre,n, The French king, Francis I, was one of eastern coast of Asia, but J did not th(' many European rulers who wanted expect to find such an obstacle of to find the Northwest Passage through new land as I have found. , , North America. In 1524, he sent an Italian sailor, Giovanni da Verrazano, to find it. Verrazano made two more voyages to The French in North America the Americas to try to find a water route Verrazano set sail in January 1524. He to Asia. On these trips, he searched the landed on the coast of what is now North coastlines of North America and South Carolina in early March. Verrazano then America but still found no passage. sailed farther north along the Atlantic In 1534, King Francis sent the French coast. He sailed into several bays and navigator Jacques Cartier (ZHAHK rivers, searching for a waterway that kar TYAY) to look for the Northwest led to Asia. Along his route, Verrazano Passage. The king also told Cartier to met different Native American tribes. search for gold. Between 1534 and 1541, He could not speak their languages. He Cartier made three trips to North wrote that some tribes were friendly, but America. On his first trip, he reached others were not. the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. Verrazano did not sail any farther Cartier claimed all the land around it north than Newfoundland. He wrote: for France. :» JACQUES CARTIER reported seeing many beavers and otters along the St. Lawrence River. This interested traders in Europe, where they could sell furs for high prices.  C'Mltl'r travded up the St. Lawrence Tn 1541, Cartier visited the St. Lawr