The Enlightenment Spreads PDF

The Enlightenment Spreads POWER AND AUTHORITY An "enlightened" problem- salon Enlightenment ideas spread solving approach to government baroque through the Western world and and society prevai...

The Enlightenment Spreads POWER AND AUTHORITY An "enlightened" problem- salon Enlightenment ideas spread solving approach to government baroque through the Western world and and society prevails in modern neoclassical profoundly influenced the arts civilization today. and government. SETTING THE STAGE The philosophes ' views about society often got them Picture:·: in trouble. In France it was illegal to criticize either the Catholic Church or the (l) Co:?-, government. Many philosophes landed in jail or were exiled. Voltaire, for exam- Solar },ic~ ple, experienced both punishments. Nevertheless, the Enlightenment spread from (;-:::- Cel~r.i throughout Europe with the help of books, magazines, and word of mouth. In Harm:·: time, Enlightenment ideas influenced everything from the artistic world to the Mooo::.· royal courts across the continent. 1661 (R}~g- -· A World of Ideas of tr~ : (oi&·· In the 1700s, Paris was the cultural and intellectual capital of Europe. Young people from around Europe-and also from the Americas-c ame to study, phi- Use the graphic organizer losophize, and enjoy the culture of the bustling city. The brightest minds of the online to take notes on age gathered there. From their circles radiated the ideas of the Enlightenment. the spread and influence The buzz of Enlightenment ideas was most intense in the mansions of several of Enlightenment ideas on the monarchy and wealthy women of Paris. There, in their large drawing rooms, these hostesses held the arts. regular social gatherings called a.kml. At these events, philosophers, writers, art- ists, scientists, and other great intellects met to discuss ideas. Diderot's Encyclopedia The most influential of the salon hostesses in Voltaire's time was Marie-Therese Geoffrin (zhuh frehn). She helped finance the project of a leading philosophe named Denis Diderot (DEE duh RoH). Diderot created a large set of books to which many leading scholars of Europe contributed articles and essays. He called it Encyclopedia and began publishing the first volumes in 1751. The Enlightenment views expressed in the articles soon angered both the French government and the Catholic Church. Their censors banned the work. They said it undermined royal authority, encouraged a spirit of revolt, and fos- tered "moral corruption, irreligion, and unbelief." Nonetheless, Diderot contin- ued publishing his Encyclopedia. The salons and the Encyclopedia helped spread Enlightenment ideas to edu- cated people all over Europe. Enlightenment ideas also eventually spread through newspapers, pamphlets, and even political songs. Enlightenment ideas about government and equality attracted the attention of a growing literate middle class, which could afford to buy many books and support the work of artists. 202 Chapter 6  ro l o coofl_e.-C-·t- -- - -d~ a y___ _ t,ercaf es cy pie ar ou nd th da)'S, wi,e e w o rld ~ ftvnl n pe o id ea s and di sc us s or e r_.-,ther to =enrts, ro neywdo SO at In te rn et ca fe s....1.nt e!I an st au ho I ~ - a ~ coffee s rns or re fo ra nt s th at a so ().11 ~ · i -~ access ro pu te ~ r a small fe ft,m to co_ ed ·n e. r 11de.net cafes · in 1 th e U ni te d Sta 1ote,.. ong at op tes, todav thev ar th e p ular ove~ ea s. In e :oa. tor instanc~ e -" internet ro or ere are ro ug s; an d te n s hly 11 3,0 0 0 of th o u sa n d l~so::u h s oi unlicenso--:u" ca fes ave b ee n sh u t d o w n. ch in th e 1100. 1.1·\(e the ffen s, th e C hm ~ se f iecognize the Power o 1'd ea s an d h av e tn ed to d u· en limit thei·r sprea , c se d Inte rn et ca fe s ar e 'd o an d m -o ed by V I e , u st re gi st er ,.. nitor nd co customers a ke ep re rd s of all w eb.. _....A As w ,. ,. ;m si te s ell, an c: ,u at ed 30 ,0 0 0- 40 ,0 vi ev v=· lice are em pl 00 Internet po oy ed by goVemment to nitor an d ce th e mo ns o r In te rne tra t ffic. New Artis The Enlighte tic S t y l e s nment ideals literature , pa o f o rd e r a n d inting, a n d a re a so n w e re th e a r ts - m. rchitecture. re fl e c te d in Neoclassical Style Emerg u s ic, dominated by es E u ro p e a n th e style c a ll a rt o f th e 1 6 0 0 design. Baro ed baroque s a n ~ e a rl y que styles c , w h ic h w a s 1700s had b page 166) an o u ld b e se e n in e la c h a ra c te n z e d b y een d in n u m e ro b o ra te p a la c a g ra n ~ o rn Under the in us pa e s su c h a s V a te fluence o f th intings. e rs a il le s (s ee architects wo e E n li g h te n rked in a si m e n t, st y le s. from classica mple a n d e le b e g a n to c h l Greece a n g a n t st y le th a n g e. A rt is called neocla d R o m e. T h e art a t b o rr o w e d id ts a n d ssical (" n e w istic st y le o e a s a n d th e classical" ). f th e la te l 7 mes Changes in 0 0 s is th e re Music a n d fo re Enlightenmen Literature M t id e a ls. T h e u si c st y le s composers as m u si c sc e n e a ls o c h a n g Johann S e b a in E u ro p e h a d e d to re fl England. Th st ia n B a c h o b e e n d o m in ect ese artists f G e rm a n y a a te d b y s u Enl ightenmen w ro te d ra m a ti c n d G e o rg e F ri e dr ch t, a new, li g h o rg a n a n d ic h H a n d e l emerged. Th te r, a n d m o re c h o ra l m u si of ree c o m p o se e le g a n t st y le c. D u ri n g the classical rs in V ie n n a o f m u si c k n th e pe , A u st ri a, ra o w n a s c la ss Mozart , and ri o d in m u si c. T h e y w e n k a m o n g th e g re a te st fi ic a l L u d w ig van re F ra n z Jo se g u re s o f Writers in th B e e th o v e n. ph Haydn, W e 18th centu o lf g a n g A m nu~ber o f Eu ry also devel adeus ropean autho ope d n e w st fictt~n. T heir rs began w ri y le s a n d fo rm works h a d ca ti n g novels , s o f li te ra tu te rs lhough refully crafte w h ic h are le n g re. A ts and fe elin d p lo ts , use d th y w o rks o ~nce, :' h o li gs. T h e se b o susp e n se, a n f p ros e including m a ked th e entertain o ks w e re p o d e x p lo re d p u la r w it h a w c h a rac - ing stories id e m id d le -c ~y women , tu w ri tt e n in la ss a u d i- te\~amhuel Ric rn e d o u t a fl e v e ry d a y la n h a rd so ood o f p o p u g u a g e. W ri s n story of a y 's Pam e la is o fte n la r novels in th te rs Anotht e E c o nsi d e re d e l 7 0 0 s. 1· the fi rs t tr u orphanerwhn g 1sh m to u n·g se rv a n t g1.r l h e E n g li sh n as e Tc w o refu se s th ov e l \t o travel s all rp1ec e , o m J o n e s, b y e ad v ov e r Englan H e nry F ie ld a n c e s o f h e r m a st.e r d to w in th e in h an d o f h is g , te lls th e st o ry o f a D\~~Elt la d y. n , '-ts~"'cEht-·.lTIATING INSTRUC E n lig h te ,i m e ,u m1c ~ '' " TION: GIFTED A N l R e v o lu tio n 203 in g E n l i g h D TAlENT ¼ '" tl"e"''el 4 (). ten ment Arts ED._.,, d1.1r, minutes 0 p1 n~  Enlightenment and Monarchy From the salons, artists ' studios, and concert halls of Europe, the Enlightenment g spirit_also ~ept through Europe's royal courts. Many philosophes, includin A. Ans~,tr ln1tigue1 ~- a monarc hy in which the Voltaire, believed that the best form of government was Enlighten