Natural Resources and Energy Sources PDF

Natural Resources and Energy sources What is Natural Resources? Natural resources are materials and substances found in nature that are useful to humans Examples of Natural Resources Forest Resources Water Resources Mineral Resources Land Resources Conservatio...

Natural Resources and Energy sources What is Natural Resources? Natural resources are materials and substances found in nature that are useful to humans Examples of Natural Resources Forest Resources Water Resources Mineral Resources Land Resources Conservation of Natural Resources  FOREST RESOURCES Forest resources refer to the timber, fuelwood, and non-timber products provided by forests, Including: 1. Timber (wood for construction, furniture, paper) 2. Fuelwood (firewood, charcoal) 3. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) Importance of forest resources Supports biodiversity and ecosystems Carbon sequestration and climate regulation Soil conservation Water cycle regulation  Water resources Water resources refers to natural resources of water that are potentially useful as a source of water supply. 1. Drinking water 2. Irrigation 3. Industrial processes 4. Energy generation (hydroelectric power) 5. Oceans 6. Wildlife habitats Types of water resources: Surface water (rivers, Importance of water lakes, reservoirs) resources Groundwater (aquifers) Rainwater 4. Glaciers and ice caps 5. Wetlands ESSENTIAL FOR LIFE: ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:  mineral resources  Mineral resources Mineral resources are vital components of both natural resources and energy resources, playing crucial roles in industrial, technological, and energy production processes. A mineral resource is a non-renewable natural resource that is a concentration of solid, inorganic materials with a practical use. Mineral resources are found in the Earth's crust and can be extracted through mining.  Mineral resources are naturally occurring substances that are extracted from the Earth and processed to obtain useful materials. These resources are generally categorized into metallic and non-metallic minerals.  NON- METALLIC METALLIC MINERALS MINERALS  Metallic minerals Iron Ore: The primary source of iron, used in steel production. Copper: Essential for electrical wiring, electronics, and plumbing. Gold: Used in jewelry, electronics, and as a store of value. Silver: Used in electronics, jewelry, and solar panels. Aluminum (from Bauxite): Used in aerospace, automotive, and construction industries. Lead: Primarily used in batteries and radiation shielding. Zinc: Used to galvanize steel and in the production of alloys.  NON-Metallic minerals Iron Ore: The primary source of iron, used in steel production. Copper: Essential for electrical wiring, electronics, and plumbing. Gold: Used in jewelry, electronics, and as a store of value. Silver: Used in electronics, jewelry, and solar panels. Aluminum (from Bauxite): Used in aerospace, automotive, and construction industries. Lead: Primarily used in batteries and radiation shielding. Zinc: Used to galvanize steel and in the production of alloys. challenges with mineral resources Environmental Impact: Mining and energy extraction can cause significant environmental damage, including habitat destruction, water contamination, and air pollution. Resource Depletion: Many of these mineral resources, particularly fossil fuels, are non-renewable and finite, raising concerns about long-term sustainability. Geopolitical Issues: Access to valuable mineral resources can lead to conflicts or geopolitical tensions, especially when reserves are concentrated in specific regions.  Land resources Land resources refer to the earth’s surface area and the natural resources it supports. These resources are critical for human survival, economic activities, and environmental health. They include not only the soil and terrain itself but also the various resources that are found on or beneath the land, such as water, forests, minerals, and agricultural lands.  Land resources Land resources are the physical, biological, and social components of a land unit that can be used to meet human needs. They include: Soil Water Climate Vegetation Topography Plant and animal populations Human settlement patterns Physical results of human activities:  fossil fuels Coal: A major energy resource used for electricity generation and industrial processes, like steel production. Coal is mainly mined in countries like China, India, and the U.S. Oil: A key source of energy used in transportation, heating, and electricity generation. Oil is extracted through drilling and is used as both a fuel and a raw material for petrochemicals. Major oil- producing countries include Saudi Arabia, the U.S., and Russia. Natural Gas: Used in electricity generation, heating, and as a raw material in chemicals. It is considered cleaner than coal and oil, with major producers including the U.S., Russia, and Qatar.  nuclear fuels Uranium: The primary fuel for nuclear energy, uranium is mined in countries like Kazakhstan, Canada, and Australia. When uranium atoms undergo fission, they release a significant amount of energy, which is harnessed to generate electricity in nuclear power plants.  Food resources The use and management of food resources have Food resources refer to the significant environmental, various sources of food that social, and economic are available to humans. These impacts. include agricultural crops, livestock, fish, and wild plants and animals.  Conservation of Natural Resources Conservation of nature means taking care and Conservation refers to saving the resources protecting these resources for the use of the upcoming generation. like forests, water bodies, natural gases, minerals, and fuels so that they continue to be available in abundance.  What is energy sources? Energy sources are the means by which we obtain energy to power our homes, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES businesses, and NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES transportation. They can be broadly categorized into two main types: renewable energy resources renewable energy resources Energy from sources that are naturally replenished over a relatively short period. Examples include solar, wind, hydro (water), geothermal (earth's heat),  non-renewable energy resources non-renewable enErgy resources Energy from sources that are finite and will eventually be depleted. Examples include fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and nuclear energy (uranium). solar energy  solar energy from the sun. It's harnessed using technologies that convert sunlight into usable forms of energy, primarily electricity (photovoltaics) and heat (solar thermal).  Hydro power Hydropower Energy generated from moving water, such as rivers or dams. It is renewable and contributes to electricity production. However, it can impact aquatic ecosystems.  Wind Wind Energy Generated by converting wind into electricity using wind turbines. It is renewable and sustainable. Wind farms require areas with consistent wind.  Geothermal Geothermal or Geothermal energy - is derived from the heat within the Earth's crust. This heat originates from the planet's formation and the ongoing decay of radioactive elements within the Earth's core.The temperature increases with depth, creating a geothermal gradient. In areas where this gradient is high, hot water and steam can be accessed through wells, providing a source of renewable energy. Types of Geothermal Geothermal energy systems can be broadly classified into two main types: 1. Hydrothermal Systems Two main types of Hydrothermal System Vapor Dominated Plants Liquid Dominated Plants 2. Engineered Geothermal Systems Two main types of engineered geothermal systems exist Enhanced Geothermal System Cloosed Loop Geothermal System  TIDAL ENERGY is a form of renewable energy that utilizes the kinetic energy of ocean tides.Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on Earth's oceans. Tidal energy systems capture this movement and convert it into electricity.  Types OF TIDAL ENERGY 1. Tidal Stream 2. Tidal 3. Tidal Generators Barrages Lagoons  tidal energy Tidal energy has great potential, its large-scale deployment is still limited. The high initial costs and potential environmental impacts are significant barriers to wider adoption.  biomass Biomass is renewable organic material that comes from plants and animals. Biomass can be burned directly for heat or converted to liquid and gaseous fuels through various processes. Biomass is used for heating and electricity generation and as a transportation fuel. Biomass is converted to energy through various processes, including: Direct combustion (burning) to produce heat Thermochemical conversion to produce solid, gaseous, and liquid fuels Chemical conversion to produce liquid fuels Biological conversion to produce liquid and gaseous fuels  what IS FOSSIL FUELS? Fossil fuels are formed from the decomposition of buried carbon-based organisms that died millions of years ago. They create carbon-rich deposits that are extracted and burned for energy. They are non- renewable and currently supply around 80% of the world’s energy. They are also used to make plastic, steel and a huge range of proucts There are three types of fossil fuel: oil coal gas Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas have many negative impacts on the environment and human health, including: 1. Climate change 2. Air pollution 3. Water pollution 4.Plastic pollution 5. Habitat destruction  What is nuclear energy? Nuclear energy is a form of energy released from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of protons and neutrons. This source of energy can be produced in two ways: fission – when nuclei of atoms split into several parts – or fusion – when nuclei fuse together Nuclear energy safe for earth? A major environmental concern related to nuclear power is the creation of radioactive wastes such as uranium mill tailings, spent (used) reactor fuel, and other radioactive wastes. These materials can remain radioactive and dangerous to human health for thousands of years. Nuclear energy good for climate change? Nuclear power plants produce no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, and over the course of its life-cycle, nuclear produces about the same amount of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions per unit of electricity as wind, and one-third of the emissions per unit of electricity when compared with solar. What is hydrogen and fuel cell energy? Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells to generate power using a chemical reaction rather than combustion, producing only water and heat as byproducts. It can be used in cars, in houses, for portable power, and in many more applications How is a hydrogen fuel cell a source of energy? Hydrogen fuel cells produce electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The hydrogen reacts with oxygen across an electrochemical cell—similar to a battery—to produce electricity, water, and small amounts of heat  Members: Hayley Mae C. Fornis Roldan A. Renato Honey Lorin C. Cabeling Gelian A. Bantula Jasmine Kim S. Vibar Ahkela Evs J. Pilapil Dan Herby Y. Palawan Lily Feliz Di L. Ragoro Mylene L. Ibal