Q1 Science Important Questions & Answers PDF

1. What is the natural resource? A natural resource is any natural material that is used by people. Examples include water, trees, minerals, air, and oil. 2. What is the energy resource? An energy resource is a natural resource that humans use to generate energy. This can be either renewable or nonr...

1. What is the natural resource? A natural resource is any natural material that is used by people. Examples include water, trees, minerals, air, and oil. 2. What is the energy resource? An energy resource is a natural resource that humans use to generate energy. This can be either renewable or nonrenewable. 3. What is the non-renewable resource? A non-renewable resource is a natural resource that is used much faster than it can be replaced. Once depleted, it is no longer available (cannot be readily replenished). 4. What are the two main types of non-renewable resources? and why are they non-renewable? The two main types of non-renewable resources are fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas) and nuclear fuel (such as uranium). They are considered non- renewable because they take millions of years to form and are consumed faster than they can be replaced (are consumed faster than they can be replenished). 5. What is nuclear energy? and how it works? Nuclear energy is the energy released when the nuclei of radioactive atoms are split (fission) or combined (fusion). In fission, a neutron hits a radioactive atom, splitting it and releasing energy in the form of heat and radiation, which can be harnessed to generate electricity. 6. What is the difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission? Nuclear fusion involves combining two radioactive atomic nuclei to form a larger nucleus, releasing energy, while nuclear fission involves splitting a nucleus of radioactive atoms into smaller fragments, also releasing energy. 7. How did fossil fuels form? Fossil fuels formed from the remains of ancient organisms (organisms that lived long ago). Over millions of years, heat and pressure transformed these remains into coal, oil, and natural gas. 8. What are the three fossil fuels and their uses? The three fossil fuels are: A) Petroleum (Crude oil): Used mainly for transportation and heating. B) Natural Gas: Used for heating, cooking, and electricity generation. C) Coal: Primarily used for generating electricity. 9. What is the difference in the formation of coal, compared to oil and natural gas? Coal forms from the remains of swamp plants under heat and pressure, while oil and natural gas primarily form from microscopic marine organisms that are buried and subjected to heat and pressure over time. 10. How do fossil fuels and nuclear energy generate electricity? explain the steps. Fossil Fuels: Burned to produce heat, which generates steam that turns turbines connected to electric generators. Nuclear Energy: Fission in a reactor produces heat, creating steam that spins turbines connected to generators. 11. What are the advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels and nuclear energy? A) Fossil Fuels: - Advantages: Inexpensive and widely available (abundance). - Disadvantages: Air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental degradation. B) Nuclear Energy: - Advantages: Produces large amounts of energy with low air pollution. - Disadvantages: Produces radioactive waste and poses risks of accidents. 12. What is the definition of renewable resources? and why is it renewable? Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replaced as quickly as they are used. They are renewable because they are replenished naturally over a short period. 13. What are the 5 types of renewable energy resources? and why is it renewable? 1) Solar Energy: Energy from the sun. 2) Wind Energy: Energy from moving air. 3) Hydroelectric Energy: Energy from flowing water. 4) Geothermal Energy: Energy from Earth's internal heat. 5) Biomass: Energy from organic materials. They are renewable because they are derived from natural processes that are continuously replenished. 14. What is the definition of wind energy? and why is it renewable? Wind energy is the energy harnessed from the movement of air. It is renewable because wind is continuously generated by the sun's uneven heating of the Earth's surface. 15. How it works to generate electricity by wind energy? Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of moving air into mechanical energy, which spins a generator to produce electrical energy. 16. What are the advantages and disadvantages of wind energy? - Advantages: Clean energy source with no air pollution. - Disadvantages: Requires specific locations with sufficient wind, and can be expensive to install and maintain. Also, noise and the impact on wildlife. 17. What is the definition of solar energy? and why is it renewable? Solar energy is the energy received from the sun in the form of radiation. It is renewable because it is continuously replenished by the sun (because sunlight is abundant and continuously available). 18. How it works to generate electricity by solar energy? Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity or by heating a fluid to produce steam that turns turbines. 19. What are the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy? - Advantages: Abundant and clean energy source. It reduces electricity bills. - Disadvantages: High initial costs and dependent on sunlight availability (dependence on weather conditions). 20. What is the definition of hydroelectric energy? and why is it renewable? Hydroelectric energy is energy produced from the movement of water. It is renewable because the water cycle is driven by the sun (water cycles through the environment continuously). 21. How it works to generate electricity by hydroelectric energy? Water flows through turbines in a dam, spinning them to generate electricity. 22. What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric energy? - Advantages: Reliable and clean energy source. - Disadvantages: Can disrupt local ecosystems (ecological disruption) and is expensive to build (high initial costs). 23. What is the definition of geothermal energy? and why is it renewable? Geothermal energy is energy produced by heat from Earth's interior. It is renewable because the heat from the Earth is continuously replenished. (the Earth's core remains hot for billions of years). 24. How it works to generate electricity by geothermal energy? Steam or hot water from underground is used to spin turbines connected to generators that generates electricity. 25. What are the advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy? - Advantages: Reliable (sustainable) and low emissions. - Disadvantages: Limited to certain geographic areas and can be expensive to develop (location limitations and potential for land subsidence). 26. What is the definition of biomass? and why is it renewable? Biomass is organic matter from plants and animal waste that contains stored energy. It is renewable because it can be replenished through the growth of new plants and organic materials (it can be replenished relatively quickly). 27. How it works to generate electricity by biomass energy? Biomass can be burned to release energy, which can be used to generate steam that turns turbines for electricity. 28. What are the advantages and disadvantages of biomass energy? - Advantages: Can utilize waste materials (reducing waste) and is renewable. - Disadvantages: Can produce pollutants when burned (can include emissions) and land use concerns (requires land for cultivation). 29. What is the definition of conservation? Conservation is the protection and wise use of natural resources to ensure their availability for future generations. 30. What is the definition of stewardship? Stewardship is the careful and responsible management of resources to maintain their sustainability. 31. What are some conservation practices/behavior (e.g. how to conserve water, electricity, fuel)? Examples include reducing water usage, using energy-efficient appliances, recycling materials, and minimizing fuel consumption through public transport or carpooling. 32. What are the advantages and disadvantages of managing resources? - Advantages: Reduces waste, conserves valuable resources, and minimizes pollution (sustainability and reduced environmental impact). - Disadvantages: Can be expensive and may require changes in behavior that some people find difficult (costs and potential limitations on resource use).