Blood Pressure Practical 12 Lecture Notes PDF

Blood Pressure Practical: Practical 12 Lecture By Prof D Fisher  Introduction In our theory lectures we have dealt with: Definition of blood pressure The variables which regulate BP ( CO and PR) The cyclic variance of blood pressure (Cardiac Cyc...

Blood Pressure Practical: Practical 12 Lecture By Prof D Fisher  Introduction In our theory lectures we have dealt with: Definition of blood pressure The variables which regulate BP ( CO and PR) The cyclic variance of blood pressure (Cardiac Cycle) Systolic and Diastolic Pressure Pulse Pressure: (SP - DP) MABP: DP + (SP – DP) / 3 ut practically how do we monitor or report BP?????  Apparatus Mercurial Sphygmomanometer used to monitor Blood Pressure Here the pressure in the cuff is calibrated in mmHg The pressure in the cuff is brought about by depressing the rubber inflator. Still a favourite for many a medic. More recently: Aneroid Sphygmomanometer Manometer Inflatable Cuff aneroid Valve Rubber inflator Rubber Hose Stethoscope: Accurately monitor physiology sounds Stethoscope: A stethoscope can be used to listen to the sounds made by the heart, lungs or intestines, as well as blood flow in arteries and veins. In combination with a manual sphygmomanomete r, it is commonly used when measuring blood pressure. BP Automation: same operational principles Measuring the Pulse Rate: A pulse (beats/min) is a rhythmic pressure oscillation that accompanies each heartbeat and one complete heartbeat (lubb-dubb) corresponds to the pulse beat. The most common place for the pulse to be taken is on the radial point of the wrist – this is called the radial pulse. When the fingers are pressed on the radial artery, it presses the artery against the bone (radius) below it and the pulse can be felt during beats corresponding to ventricular systole. The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is the pulse pressure (PP): PP = Systolic Press – Diastolic Press PP = 120 mmHg – 80 mmHg : PP = 40 mmHg But to measure PP you have to measure BP!!!  Pulse Pressure Difference between systolic and diastolic pressures Increases when stroke volume increases or vascular compliance decreases Pulse pressure can be used Pulse pressure is in essence the pressure driving blood to take through thea systemic circulation pulse to determine 21-9 Heart Rates: Normal ranges The normal resting heart rate for adults and children over 10 years old is between 60-100 beats per minute. For well-trained athletes, the normal resting heart rate may only be between 40-60 beats per minute. There are several different ranges of resting heart rates to consider for patients under 10 years old. Those ranges include: Newborns up to one month old: 70-190 beats per minute Infants 1 - 11 months old: 80 - 160 beats per minute Children 1 - 2 years old: 80 - 130 beats per minute Children 3 - 4 years old: 80 - 120 beats per minute Children 5 - 6 years old: 75 - 115 beats per minute Children 7 - 9 years old: 70 - 110 beats per minute  Blood Pressure: Per Definition Measure of force exerted by blood against the blood vessel wall of arteries Blood moves through vessels because of blood pressure Measured by listening for Korotkoff sounds produced by turbulent flow in arteries as pressure released from blood pressure cuff 20-11 Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds Heart Sounds The “lub,” or systolic, sound happens when the mitral and tricuspid valves of the heart close. The “dub,” or diastolic, sound happens when the aortic and pulmonic valves close. Korotkoff sounds Blood Pressure Measurement 20-16 Mean Arterial Blood Pressure: The definition of mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole. MAP is influenced by cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, each of which is under the influence of several variables. I strongly encourage you to revise Lecture 3 and 4 to understand which variables and how these variables influence MAP.  Mean Arterial BP: Mean Arterial Pressure = Diastolic Pres + Syst. Press – Diastol. Press (PP) 3 93.3 mmHg = 80 + (120 – 80) / 3 Learning Outcomes The student should be able to: Measure HR and understand the clinical significance Be knowledgeable in the instruments used to monitor BP Measure blood pressure Interpret blood pressure sound, results and understand the impact of abnormal blood pressure on human health. Use the measured variables to calculate MAP. Now watch a short movie on BP monitoring ……….. you will find it on the iKamva platform in the practical 12 folder. Thanks for watching!!