Europe Geography PDF

Europe Day 1 Setting – Europe 30  Switzerland - - - W ⑧ Day 1 Setting – Europe (U.K.) Identify the following on your map: Countries: United Kingdom: England,...

Europe Day 1 Setting – Europe 30  Switzerland - - - W ⑧ Day 1 Setting – Europe (U.K.) Identify the following on your map: Countries: United Kingdom: England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland North Republic of Ireland NORTHERN Sea IRELAND Cities: London UNITED KINGDOM London Atlantic Physical features: Ocean English Channel Atlantic Ocean North Sea Day 1 Turn and Talk What countries make up the United Kingdom? What physical feature separates England from a large part of the rest of Europe? Day 1 Setting – Europe (France & Benelux) - In Identify the following on your map: Countries: France Belgium Netherlands NETHERLANDS Luxembourg BELGIUM sa Cities: LUXEMBOURG - Paris Paris FRANCE Day 1 Turn and Talk What is a major city in France? What countries make up Benelux? Day 1 Setting – Europe (U.K., France, and Benelux) - Great Britain benefits from being an island because it is hard for enemies to launch an invasion The-economy of France is supported by trade because it has access to both the-Mediterranean Sea and the - Atlantic Ocean - Much of western Europe benefits economically because it has access to the- - Atlantic > - Ocean which allows for easier trade - Day 1 Turn and Talk What physical feature does western Europe benefit from economically? What country has access to both the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea? Day 2 Setting – Europe – (Alpine) Identify the following on your map: Countries: Germany Switzerland Austria Cities: Berlin Berlin GERMANY Physical features: Danube River AUSTRIA SWITZ Alps Day 2 Turn and Talk Where is the city of Berlin located? What physical feature extends across portions of Switzerland, Germany, and Austria? Day 2 Setting – Europe – (Nordic) FINLAND NORWAY Identify the following on your SWEDEN map: Oslo Countries: Norway Sweden DENMARK Finland Denmark Cities: Oslo Physical features: Baltic Sea Day 2 Turn and Talk What is one European country found in the Nordic region? What is an important physical feature found in the Nordic region? Day 2 Setting – Europe (Alpine and Nordic) The Danube River allows for easy trade in the region Nordic countries have access to the Baltic Sea, which helps their ability to trade Humans modify the Alps through the construction of ski slopes that can cause soil erosion Day 2 Turn and Talk How is the Danube River important? How has modifying the Alps both hurt and helped the region? Day 3 Setting – Europe (Southern) Identify the following on your map: Countries: Spain Portugal Italy Greece Cities: Madrid Rome Athens Physical features: Mediterranean Sea Strait of Gibraltar Adriatic Sea SPAIN Mediterranean Sea Strait of Gibraltar Day 3 Turn and Talk What country sits between Portugal and France? Why is the Strait of Gibraltar important? Day 3 Setting – Europe (E. Central) Identify the following on your map: ESTONIA Countries: Poland LATVIA Baltic Republics – LITHUANIA Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania Hungary POLAND Czech Republic Day 3 Turn and Talk What is one country in east central Europe? Why are Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania known as the Baltic Republics? Day 3 Setting – Europe (Southern and E. Central) Southeastern European countries have access to the Mediterranean Sea which helps to support trade Landlocked countries in eastern Europe struggle economically, since they do not have access to an ocean for trade The Strait of Gibraltar links the Atlantic Ocean directly to the Mediterranean Sea Day 3 Turn and Talk What two bodies of water does the Strait of Gibraltar connect? How do you think being landlocked affects the price of goods? Day 4 Setting – Europe (Balkan) Identify the following on your map: Countries: Romania Bulgaria Former Yugoslav Republics: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, and Macedonia Albania ALBANIA Day 4 Turn and Talk What is the region called? What is one country in the Balkan region? Day 4 Setting – Europe (Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova) Identify the following on your map: Countries: Ukraine Belarus Moldova Physical features: Black Sea Black Sea Day 4 Turn and Talk What physical feature is south of Ukraine? What country is south of Belarus? Day 4 Setting – Europe (Balkans, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova) The mountainous region of the Balkan peninsula has isolated various ethnic tribes, and resulted in splintered small countries Ukraine and Russia can be in dispute with one another regarding lands surrounding the Black Sea, as it gives them access to a water trade route A landlocked country, like Belarus struggles economically since it does not have access to an ocean for trade Day 4 Turn and Talk What physical feature has caused isolation? What physical feature does Ukraine and Russia both want access to? Day 5 Culture – Europe As a whole, European countries have a high standard of living Life GDP Per Literacy Rate The average life expectancy is 81 Country Expectancy Capita years old, compared to 77 years old in the United States U.S. 77 $82,000 99% Finland 81 $53,755 99% The average GDP per capita is Germany 81 $52,745 99% $42,000 compared to $82,000 in U.K. 82 $48,866 99% the United States France 82 $44,460 99% Italy 83 $38,373 99% The literacy rate on average is about 99%, which is similar to the Spain 83 $32,677 99% United States Poland 77 $22,112 100% *Data from World Bank (2022) All EU countries grant students the right to an education Day 5 Turn and Talk The average European GDP per capita is $42,000. What does that mean? How can you tell that Europeans have a higher standard of living? Day 5 Culture – Europe Over 150 different languages are spoken in Europe, however, the most widely spoken include Russian, German, French, and English Christianity is the most popular religion because of the establishment of the Roman Catholic Church People have typically migrated to Europe for political, or economic reasons More recently, immigrants have come from Africa, Latin America, South Asia, and the Middle East which has created a very diverse culture Day 5 Turn and Talk What are some widely spoken languages in Europe? Why is Christianity the most popular religion in Europe ? Day 6 Culture – Europe (Architecture) Gothic cathedrals, like Notre Dame (Paris), are famous pieces of European architecture that reflect the influence of Christianity in European culture The oldest prehistoric monument, Stonehenge, helps people understand European culture going back to 3,000 B.C. The Parthenon, built during the Classical period, is one of the world’s greatest cultural monuments that reflects the influence of Greek mythology Day 6 Turn and Talk What is the oldest prehistoric monument in Europe? What structures show the importance of Christianity at one time in Europe? Day 6 Culture – Europe (Architecture) - At Rome’s Colosseum, the largest amphitheater in the world, people watched gladiators and animals battle to the death Many castles in Europe were built to serve as defensive structures, whenever possible they were built on hills, or islands that provided natural defenses Day 6 Turn and Talk What took place at Rome’s Colosseum? Why were castles built on hills, or islands? Day 6 Culture – Europe (Art) Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci, created some widely recognized pieces of art, such as the Mona Lisa and Last Supper Italian artist, Michelangelo, painted nine scenes from the Bible on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, painted famous works like Guernica that brought attention to the Spanish Civil War, and introduced a new style called cubism (using geometric shapes) Day 6 Turn and Talk What did Michelangelo paint on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel? Pablo Picasso said, “Painting is just another way of keeping a diary.” Do you agree? Day 7 Culture – Europe (Greek Philosophers) Socrates got people to think more deeply and logically by asking question after question Plato wanted people to learn more about human nature, and he helped to set up the first university Aristotle tutored Alexander the Great, and was a scientist who brought science to life for people Day 7 Turn and Talk How did Socrates get people to think more deeply and logically? How were Plato and Aristotle both connected to education? Day 7 Culture – Europe (Literature) English writer, William Shakespeare, was best known for his works, such as Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, and Macbeth Many of his works centered around political themes like: the importance of order, dangers of killing government leaders, war, and qualities of good leaders Shakespeare created over 1,700 words that we use today, such as bedroom, bet, cold-blooded, eyeball, and uncomfortable Day 7 Turn and Talk Who was William Shakespeare? How has William Shakespeare influenced society? Day 8 Culture – Europe (Music) Folk music was short songs sung by ordinary people that told about an event Europe is home to some of the most well-known classical music composers like Mozart (Austria) The Beatles, an English rock band, had a huge influence on pop music around the world Day 8 Turn and Talk Who was Mozart? What type of music did The Beatles influence? Day 8 Culture – Europe (Sports) Soccer (European football) started in England, and the FIFA World Cup is the most watched sporting event across the globe Rugby is a popular sport in England that is a mix between soccer and American football Skiing started in northern Europe as a way for people to travel in snowy, mountainous areas, and now is a worldwide sport Day 7 Turn and Talk What popular Latin American sport started in England? What two sports is rugby a mix of? Day 9 About the History – Europe (Classical Greece) In the 300s B.C., Alexander the Great and his father, Phillip II, invaded and conquered Greece Alexander the Great conquered many lands including Egypt and Persia, and spread Greek culture throughout Europe Athens, a city-state of Greece, had the first democracy in the world Eventually the Greek empire fell to the Romans in 200 B.C. Day 9 Turn and Talk Who helped to spread Greek culture throughout Europe? Where was the first democracy in the world? Day 9 About the History – Europe (Classical Rome) Ancient Rome existed for more than 1,200 years, and controlled much of Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia The Roman Republic began in 509 B.C. when the king was overthrown, and people started electing officials Ancient Rome had a system of representative democracy, divided government into 3 branches, and listed free citizens’ rights in the Twelve Tables Day 9 Turn and Talk What began when the king was overthrown, and people began electing officials? What ideas about government did America borrow from the Ancient Romans? Day 10 About the History – Europe (Medieval) In Medieval times (Middle Ages) there was a rise in Christianity, and the Roman Catholic Church had a lot of political power A series of holy wars, called the Crusades, were fought by European Christians who tried to take control of holy land from Muslims The Magna Carta was written to limit the power of the king, and contained rights like trial by jury, and no cruel and unusual punishment Most people worked as farmers, and lived under a feudal system Day 10 Turn and Talk What was there a rise in during the Medieval times? Why was the Magna Carta written? Day 10 About the History – Europe (Beginning of Modern Times) The Renaissance started in Italy around 1350, and was a time when people questioned authority During the Renaissance era, people became interested again in education, art, and science Renaissance writers used every day language, and the invention of Johannes Gutenberg’s printing press made books more easily available Day 10 Turn and Talk What does a printing press do? What did people do during the Renaissance era? Day 11 About the History – Europe (Beginning of Modern Times) The Reformation was a religious movement when people left the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches Martin Luther published 95 statements that criticized Catholic Church practices he felt were wrong During the Enlightenment, John Locke said that governments exist by the consent of the governed (people vote for what they want) Day 11 Turn and Talk Who did Martin Luther disagree with? What did John Locke believe in? Day 11 About the History – Europe (Beginning of Modern Times) In 1492, the King and Queen of Spain sent Christopher Columbus westward across the Atlantic in search of an all-water route to Asia European explorers were sent out to the Americas, Asia, and Africa by their mother country on a mission to find riches (gold), new lands to expand their empire (glory), Potato and to spread Christianity (God) Corn Tobacco Beans Cacao Bean Tomato Turkey Peanuts Peppers The Columbian Exchange (named after Pumpkin Vanilla Livestock Christopher Columbus) moved goods, Squash Sweet Potato Sheep people, diseases, and ideas between Africa, Cattle Pigs the Americas, and Europe Horses Bananas Diseases Grapes Citrus Fruits Revolutions occurred in the American Olives Coffee Beans Peaches colonies and France when people demanded Onions Honeybees more personal and political control Turnips Grains Day 11 Turn and Talk What was the movement of goods, people, diseases, and ideas between Africa, the Americas, and Europe called? Why were explorers sent out by their mother countries? Day 12 About the History – Europe (Modern Era) The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain during the 1700s and helped to strengthen Europe’s economy Machines did the work that people once did, and women and children worked long hours in factories under unsafe conditions Industrialization created rivalries between European countries Day 12 Turn and Talk What did the Industrial Revolution help to strengthen? How was the Industrial Revolution both positive and negative? Day 12 About the History – Europe Techniques learned in the Industrial Revolution led to the mass production of weapons that proved to be more deadly during World War I Worldwide depression during the 1930s, and problems not solved after WWI led to WWII During World War II, Germany, Italy, and Japan were at war with Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union Day 12 Turn and Talk How many world wars have there been? How did the Industrial Revolution change war? Day 13 Politics – Europe Most European countries are democratic, and Greece is known as the “cradle of democracy” Vatican City is a theocracy, because people are led by the Roman Catholic Pope Many European countries have joined the European Union (EU) to promote peace and democracy throughout the continent Day 13 Turn and Talk What type of government exists in Vatican City? Who “rules by one” in Vatican City? Day 13 Politics – Europe (Abuses) Adolf Hitler served as the dictator of Germany and had absolute power During World War II, Hitler and the Nazis tried to conquer all of Europe, but were defeated During WWII, Hitler started the Holocaust, which killed over 12 million people, including 6 million Jews The Holocaust is an example of genocide, the killing of large groups of people because of race, religion, ethnicity, politics, or culture Day 13 Turn and Talk Who was the German dictator with absolute power? What happened during the Holocaust? Day 13 Politics – Europe (Abuses) The Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini, had “Fascist squads” terrorize, beat, or kill any political opponents Some European monarchs, like Queen Mary of England, would kill people who did not follow a specific religion determined by the country Day 13 Turn and Talk Did Mussolini and Queen Mary of England operate under a limited or unlimited government? Why? What type of government – rule by one, few, or many – are dictatorships and absolute monarchies? Day 14 Politics – Europe (Rights) Europeans enjoy civil rights like freedom of religion, speech, and assembly Europeans have the right to participate in elections EU citizens can move, live, work, and study freely throughout any territory that is part of the EU Day 14 Turn and Talk What is a right enjoyed by both Europeans and Americans? How does the EU help people living in Europe? Day 14 Politics – Europe (Responsibilities) Some responsibilities of European citizens include: paying taxes obeying laws being informed voters Day 14 Turn and Talk What is a responsibility of both Europeans and Americans? Why is it important that citizens pay taxes? Day 15 Economy – Europe Most countries have free enterprise economies with limited government involvement European countries’ economies include service industries, agriculture, and manufacturing European countries experience a lot of tourism due to their rich histories Day 15 Turn and Talk What type of economy exists in most of Europe? Why is tourism a large service industry in Europe? Day 15 Economy – Europe European countries’ level of economic development is considered level one European Union (EU) countries are able to trade goods throughout the EU’s free trade zone and avoid paying tariffs (taxes) Most EU members use the Euro as a common currency (form of money) $2.98 $2.44 $2.06 A bottle of Coke costs $2.44 in the U.S., throughout major European countries it could cost anywhere from $2.06 to $2.98 Europe U.S. Europe Day 15 Turn and Talk What group’s purpose includes helping trade among European countries? Go back to slide 28, how can you prove that Europe has a developed economic level?