Biopolymers: Overview PDF

MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Biopolymers: Overview Presented by ENGR. JOHN CHRISTIAN S. BONDAUG, MSc. Table of Contents Introduction to Biopolymers Segmentation of Biopolymer Resources Global demands Sustainability and Life-Cycle-Assessment MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY ...

MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Biopolymers: Overview Presented by ENGR. JOHN CHRISTIAN S. BONDAUG, MSc. Table of Contents Introduction to Biopolymers Segmentation of Biopolymer Resources Global demands Sustainability and Life-Cycle-Assessment MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY  MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY History Bio-based polymers began with silk as a suture Due to high costs of waste disposal and material 100 years ago. environmental risks of synthetic polymers, A pivotal development in green industry, demand for eco-friendly alternatives increased influencing a more sustainable economy. public and scientific interest. Biopolymer Biopolymers are polymers produced from natural sources either chemically synthesized from a biological material or entirely biosynthesized by living organisms. Biopolymer scaffolds in nature support cells and tissues with dynamic features. ⚬ Examples: DNA, RNA, proteins MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Biopolymer Design of Functional Biomaterials: requires precise knowledge and control over interfaces and integration of dynamic features like in DNA, RNA, etc. (e.g., self- healing, responsiveness) Fabrication of Nanomaterials with Polymer: Nanomaterials with polymers expand therapeutic applications. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Challenges and Opportunities Biopolymers' stability questioned compared to conventional polymers. Despite limitations, biopolymers' primary structures, biocompatibility, and biodegradability present strong advantages considering the staggering rates of global expansion and technological development. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Classification Origin Natural Biopolymers: Extracted directly from biomass. Synthetic Biopolymers (Microbial): Produced through microbial production or fermentation. Synthetic Biopolymers (Chemical): Chemically synthesized from biomass and petroleum products. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Classification Monomeric Unit and Structure Polynucleotides: DNA and RNA, long polymers of nucleotide monomers. Polypeptides: Short polymers of amino acids. Polysaccharides: Linear, bonded polymeric carbohydrate structures. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Natural Sources Cellulose: ⚬ a key biopolymer, widely used in paper, pharmaceutical, and energy industries (Tamilselvi et al., 2019) ⚬ Main component of plant cell walls; also synthesized by some bacteria. ⚬ Utilization sugarcane bagasse and groundnut husk wastes led to the extraction of cellulose. Agroindustrial Waste/Biomass: ⚬ Waste biomass can replace synthetic nanofibers in polymer nanomaterials (Jacob et al., 2019). ⚬ Ginger and turmeric nanofibers exhibit high mechanical strength and antimicrobial properties (Gopi et al., 2017) MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Natural Sources Marine Organism: ⚬ Commerically important biopolymers like algin, agar, fucans, carrageenans, microcystin, exopolysaccharides, chitin, chitosans, chitooligosaccharides, collagen, protamine, albumin, and taurine are isolated from marine sources MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Synthetic Sources Microbial Production/Fermentation: ⚬ Polysaccharides from microbes have versatile applications due to their rheological properties. ⚬ Xanthan Gum is widely used in food and industrial products for its stability across temperatures and pH levels. ⚬ Cellulose saccharification via fermentation and enzymatic breakdown yields three times more glucose than conventional methods. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Synthetic Sources ⚬ Polypeptides are macromolecules with specific amino acid sequences and molecular structure. ⚬ Polypeptides are fastest-growing segment in biopolymers due to their modifiable structures (secondary, tertiary, quaternary) ⚬ Biopolymers, combined with food-grade additives, form edible films and coatings. ⚬ Protein-Based Polymers have improved gas and moisture barriers, mechanical properties, sensory qualities, and antimicrobial protection. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Synthetic Sources ⚬ Polynucleotides is a DNA-based biopolymers with their unique properties such as very high conductivity, low optical loss over a broad wavelength, and high thermal stability are “green polymers” ⚬ Highly biodegradable, offering environmental benefits and promoting sustainable development. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Synthetic Sources ⚬ Lipids as Biopolymers: Potential to replace fossil resources in various industrial processes; Commercially valuable, with significant progress in their utilization as sustainable feedstock for biofuels. ⚬ Bacterial Lipids : ￭ Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Bioplastics produced by microorganisms; used for environmentally friendly plastics. ￭ Rhamnolipids: Biosurfactants with industrial relevance. MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY  MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Global Demands Increased preference over synthetic polymers due to resource scarcity and rising environmental awareness. Growth driven by the unique nontoxicity and biodegradability of biopolymers.  MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Global Demands Material Industry Medical Industry Nutraceutical Industry Cosmetics Industry  MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Global Demands the worldwide medical biobased-polymers market is predicted to witness a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.2% during 2018-24. Production of global bioplastics production capacity is set to increase from around 2.11 million tonnes in 2018 to approximately 2.62 million tonnes in 2023. According to Global Market Insights, Inc. (Delaware, USA), the dermal filler market size was valued at US$5.8 billion in 2017 and is expected to witness growth of over 6.6% CAGR from 2018 to 2024. In cosmetics industry, collagen market size is expected to be over US$6.63 billion by 2025 According to Global Market Insights, Inc. (Delaware, USA), the global prebiotic market is increasing, and is expected to surpass US$7.2 billion from US$3.4 billion (2016) by 2024 with a CAGR of 9.8%  MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Sustainability Biopolymers, derived from sustainable raw materials, align with the principles of sustainability by offering biodegradability, reduced toxicity, and versatility, contributing to waste management and resource preservation.