Biology Topics for Exams PDF
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This document outlines biology topics for exams, covering various subjects like cells, genetics, and evolution. It also contains details on key scientific skills, such as formulating hypotheses and constructing graphs.
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**Biology Topics for Exams** **[Term 1]** **Cells** - Unicellular & Multicellular Cells - Cell Theory - Similarities & Differences between Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes - Prokaryote -- Bacteria Organelles - Eukaryote -- Plant & Animal Cell Organelles - Similarities & Differences betwe...
**Biology Topics for Exams** **[Term 1]** **Cells** - Unicellular & Multicellular Cells - Cell Theory - Similarities & Differences between Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes - Prokaryote -- Bacteria Organelles - Eukaryote -- Plant & Animal Cell Organelles - Similarities & Differences between Plant & Animal - SA: V **Plasma Membrane & Transport** - Difference between passive and active transport - Passive Transport -- Osmosis, Simple Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion - Active Transport -- Simple active transport, Bulk transport - Hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic - Phospholipid bilayer (protein channel, carbohydrates, cholesterol) **[Term 2]** **Genetics** - Relationship between cell, nucleus, genes, alleles, DNA, chromosomes - Structure and property of DNA - Difference between diploid & haloid cells - Difference between autosomal & sex cells - Difference between autosomal & sex chromosomes - Homologous chromosomes **Mitosis & Meiosis** - Three stages of the cell cycle - Names, diagrams, process, keywords of Mitosis stages - Names, diagrams, process, keywords of Meiosis I & II stages - Similarities of mitosis and meiosis **Inheritance** - Genotypes & phenotypes - Homozygous & heterozygous - Three types of dominance, and how to write genotypes for each. - Calculation of genotypic and phenotypic ratios using Punnett Squares - Four types of inheritance, and rules to identify. **Evolution** - Differences between artificial and natural selection - Formation and examples of fossils - Differences between homologous and analogous structures **Key Science Skills** - How to write an aim, hypothesis - Independent, Dependent, Control, Extraneous, Confounding Variables - How to write a discussion (4 parts) - Qualitative & Quantitative Data - Parts of a graph
