Alkitab University Human Biology First Class Practical - Cell Structure & Function PDF

ALKITAB UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES HUMAN BIOLOGY _FIRST CLASS-PRACTICAL Cell Structure & Function  Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life...

ALKITAB UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES HUMAN BIOLOGY _FIRST CLASS-PRACTICAL Cell Structure & Function  Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.  Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell  “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif  “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif Cell Parts Organelles Surrounding the Cell  Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html Inside the Cell  Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA  Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material  Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html