Questions and Answers
What is the smallest unit capable of performing life functions?
Which of the following cells is NOT commonly found in plant cells?
What structure surrounds the nucleus and allows materials to enter and leave?
Which organelle contains genetic material?
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What is the main function of the cell wall?
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What does chromosomal DNA contain?
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Which of the following correctly describes the cell membrane?
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Which organelle is involved in directing cell activities?
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What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
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Which organelle is known as the 'digestive plant' of the cell?
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What structure in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?
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How does the endoplasmic reticulum function in the cell?
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What role do mitochondria play in cellular function?
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What is the main purpose of vacuoles in plant cells?
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What is the function of Golgi bodies in a cell?
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What is contained within the cytoplasm of a cell?
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Study Notes
Cell Definition and Examples
- A cell is the smallest unit capable of performing life functions.
- Examples of cells include:
- Amoeba Proteus: A single-celled organism.
- Plant Stem: Composed of plant cells.
- Bacteria: Prokaryotic cells.
- Red Blood Cell: Specialized for oxygen transport.
- Nerve Cell: Responsible for transmitting signals.
Typical Animal and Plant Cells
- Animal cells have a flexible membrane and lack a cell wall.
- Plant cells have a rigid cell wall in addition to the cell membrane.
Cell Membrane and Cell Wall
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Cell Membrane:
- Outer membrane controlling movement in and out of the cell.
- Composed of a double lipid layer.
-
Cell Wall:
- Found in plant cells and bacteria.
- Provides support and protection.
Cell Nucleus and Components
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Nucleus:
- Directs cell activities and contains genetic material (DNA).
- Separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane.
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Nuclear Membrane:
- Encloses the nucleus with two layers, allowing selective material transport.
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Chromosomes:
- Found in the nucleus; made of DNA containing genetic instructions.
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Nucleolus:
- Located within the nucleus; synthesizes RNA for protein production.
Cytoplasm and Organelles
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Cytoplasm:
- Gel-like substance surrounding organelles, containing hereditary material.
-
Endoplasmic Reticulum:
- Moves materials within the cell; includes:
- Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes; involved in lipid synthesis.
- Rough ER: Contains ribosomes; aids in protein synthesis.
- Moves materials within the cell; includes:
-
Ribosomes:
- Thousands present in each cell; sites of protein synthesis, located on rough ER and freely in cytoplasm.
Energy and Transport Organelles
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Mitochondria:
- Produces energy via chemical reactions by breaking down fats and carbohydrates; regulates cellular material balance.
-
Golgi Bodies:
- Responsible for protein packaging; moves materials within and outside the cell.
Digestive and Storage Organelles
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Lysosome:
- Functions as the digestive plant; breaks down waste; cell can break down if it ruptures.
-
Vacuoles:
- Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal; helps maintain plant cell shape and contains water solution.
Chloroplasts
-
Chloroplasts:
- Found in plant cells; contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts of cell structure and function, aimed at first-class medical laboratory technology students. Explore the various types of cells, including examples like amoeba, plant stem, and nerve cells, to enhance your understanding of human biology.
