Medical Biology First Class - Cell Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the smallest unit capable of performing life functions?

  • Organ
  • Organism
  • Cell (correct)
  • Tissue

    • Which of the following cells is NOT commonly found in plant cells?

  • Bacterial Cell
  • Nerve Cell
  • Typical Plant Cell
  • Red Blood Cell (correct)

    • What structure surrounds the nucleus and allows materials to enter and leave?

  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell Membrane
  • Nuclear Membrane (correct)
  • Cell Wall

    • Which organelle contains genetic material?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell wall?

    <p>Support and protect cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does chromosomal DNA contain?

    <p>Instructions for traits and characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the cell membrane?

    <p>Double layer that controls movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in directing cell activities?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Make proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is known as the 'digestive plant' of the cell?

    <p>Lysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the endoplasmic reticulum function in the cell?

    <p>Moves materials around</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do mitochondria play in cellular function?

    <p>Produce energy through chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of vacuoles in plant cells?

    <p>Provide storage and maintain cell shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Golgi bodies in a cell?

    <p>Packaging and transporting proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contained within the cytoplasm of a cell?

    <p>Organelles and hereditary material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Definition and Examples

    • A cell is the smallest unit capable of performing life functions.
    • Examples of cells include:
      • Amoeba Proteus: A single-celled organism.
      • Plant Stem: Composed of plant cells.
      • Bacteria: Prokaryotic cells.
      • Red Blood Cell: Specialized for oxygen transport.
      • Nerve Cell: Responsible for transmitting signals.

    Typical Animal and Plant Cells

    • Animal cells have a flexible membrane and lack a cell wall.
    • Plant cells have a rigid cell wall in addition to the cell membrane.

    Cell Membrane and Cell Wall

    • Cell Membrane:
      • Outer membrane controlling movement in and out of the cell.
      • Composed of a double lipid layer.
    • Cell Wall:
      • Found in plant cells and bacteria.
      • Provides support and protection.

    Cell Nucleus and Components

    • Nucleus:
      • Directs cell activities and contains genetic material (DNA).
      • Separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane.
    • Nuclear Membrane:
      • Encloses the nucleus with two layers, allowing selective material transport.
    • Chromosomes:
      • Found in the nucleus; made of DNA containing genetic instructions.
    • Nucleolus:
      • Located within the nucleus; synthesizes RNA for protein production.

    Cytoplasm and Organelles

    • Cytoplasm:
      • Gel-like substance surrounding organelles, containing hereditary material.
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum:
      • Moves materials within the cell; includes:
        • Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes; involved in lipid synthesis.
        • Rough ER: Contains ribosomes; aids in protein synthesis.
    • Ribosomes:
      • Thousands present in each cell; sites of protein synthesis, located on rough ER and freely in cytoplasm.

    Energy and Transport Organelles

    • Mitochondria:
      • Produces energy via chemical reactions by breaking down fats and carbohydrates; regulates cellular material balance.
    • Golgi Bodies:
      • Responsible for protein packaging; moves materials within and outside the cell.

    Digestive and Storage Organelles

    • Lysosome:
      • Functions as the digestive plant; breaks down waste; cell can break down if it ruptures.
    • Vacuoles:
      • Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal; helps maintain plant cell shape and contains water solution.

    Chloroplasts

    • Chloroplasts:
      • Found in plant cells; contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis.

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