BIO 1010 Lab 5 - Angiosperms - Flowers, Fruits and Seeds.pdf

BIO 1010 Lab 5: Angiosperms – Flowers, Fruits & Seeds Lab 5: Angiosperms Learning Objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Recognize the terms and understand the floral formula used to describe flowers. Locate the pollen and the ovules in different flower types. Recognize some general characteristics that distingu...

BIO 1010 Lab 5: Angiosperms – Flowers, Fruits & Seeds Lab 5: Angiosperms Learning Objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Recognize the terms and understand the floral formula used to describe flowers. Locate the pollen and the ovules in different flower types. Recognize some general characteristics that distinguish monocots from eudicots. Follow the development of fruits from flowers; ovules to seeds; and ovaries to fruit. Become familiar with the terms used to describe different fleshy and dry fruits. Angiosperms – The Flowering Plants  Phylum Anthophyta (Magnoliophyta): Flowering Plants  Largest Phylum  Heterosporous  Sporophytes dominant and independent Female gametophytes wholly enclosed within and dependent on sporophyte Microspores are released to become mature male gametophytes following pollination. Basal Angiosperms Proposed Plant Evolution Monocotyledones (Monocots) Eudicotyledones (Eudicots) Differences Between Eudicots and Monocots Eudicots Monocots Two cotyledons One cotyledon Flower parts in multiples of four or Flower parts in multiples of three five Leaves with distinct network of veins Leaves with parallel primary veins Vascular cambium and cork cambium present Vascular cambium and cork cambium absent Vascular bundles of stem in ring Vascular bundles of stem scattered Pollen grains with three apertures Pollen grains with one aperture Monocots and Eudicots 8 Generalized Flower Morphology (Whorls) Pistil (with carpel) 9 Male floral parts Female floral parts Pollen grain (each will produce two sperm cells) Stigma PISTIL Style (consisting of one or more carpels) Anther STAMEN Ovary Filament Ovules (each producing one egg cell) Petal Receptacle Sepal Peduncle (b) Cutaway view of an Arabidopsis flower. Each flower has four sepals (two are shown), four petals (two are shown), six stamens, and one pistil. Fig. 9-1b, p. 177 Pistil composed of a single carpel, or two or more fused (united) carpels.  Seed develops from ovule within carpel and ovary becomes a fruit. aka Regular, Radial aka irregular, bilateral Complete Flower Pistils Incomplete Flower Perfect Flowers: Hibiscus Flowers Pistil with swollen Stigma Stamen (anthers in yellow) Imperfect Flowers Squash Flowers Staminate Flower (male) Pistillate Flower (female) Superior versus Inferior Ovaries central Hypanthium - a cup-shaped or tubular body formed by the conjoined sepals, petals, and stamens. Hypogynous (superior ovary) Perigynous (central ovary) Cherry (Prunus sp.) Epigynous (inferior ovary) Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) Flower Formula  Sepal #, Petal #, Stamen #, Carpel #  (#) indicates whorl fusion  [#] fusion of adjacent whorls  3, 3, 6, (3) Flower Formula? 5, 5, [30+, (5)] Flower Inflorescences – arrangement of flower heads or clusters Composite Flower – composed of ray and disc flowers in one flower head Asters (Family Asteraceae) Fruits  Fruit - Matured ovary and its accessory parts Contains seeds develop from flower ovaries and sometimes other flower structures (accessory fruit). Fruit Regions  Exocarp – Skin  Endocarp - Inner boundary around seed(s)  Mesocarp - Tissue between exocarp and endocarp – Peach fruit Three regions collectively called pericarp. Fruits Variability      Can consist of only ovary and seeds Can include adjacent flower parts May be fleshy or dry at maturity May split or not split May be derived from a one or more ovaries Simple, Fleshy Fruits: Drupes Simple, Fleshy Fruits: Berry Berry Pepo Pome Dry Fruits: Dehiscent Milkweed follicle Silicle Silique Legumes Violet Dry Fruits: Dehiscent  Capsules A. Iris C. Autograph Tree plant D. Unicorn Dry Fruits: Indehiscent Inside of sunflower achene Acorn Fruits: Dry Indehiscent  Caryopsis (grains) Samaras Aggregate Fruits Multiple Fruits Bean seed Seeds Seeds