Lab Test 1 Study Guide PDF
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Louisiana State University
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This is a study guide for a lab test on various biological topics, focusing on different kingdoms of life, starting from bacteria, protists, fungi, and finally plants (vascular and non-vascular), with a close study to gymnosperms, angiosperms and plant functions like reproduction. The guide includes diagrams and questions to be answered.
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Lab 2: Kingdom Bacteria (Domain Bacteria) Prokaryotic What are the three characteristic shapes of bacteria? Structure (pilus, flagellum, cell wall, plasma membrane, capsule, nucleoid, ribosome, plasmid) Bacillus (Gram positive) Cyanobacteria: Oscillatoria (...
Lab 2: Kingdom Bacteria (Domain Bacteria) Prokaryotic What are the three characteristic shapes of bacteria? Structure (pilus, flagellum, cell wall, plasma membrane, capsule, nucleoid, ribosome, plasmid) Bacillus (Gram positive) Cyanobacteria: Oscillatoria (the photo below), Anabaena, Gloeocapsa Lab 3-4. Kingdom Protista (Domain Eukarya) Characteristics of protists: eukaryotic, can be unicellular or multicellular, can be photosynthetic or heterotrophic Need to know the characteristics of example species (their nutrition acquisition, how to capture preys, unicellular or multicellular) Spirogyra (filamentous green algae) 1 Diatoms (unicellular algae) Dinoflagellates (unicellular, two flagella) Euglena (both autotrophic and heterotrophic, eyespot and flagellum) Amoeba (heterotrophic, how do they move?) Lab 5. Kingdom Fungi Characteristics of fungi: eukaryotic, heterotrophic, can be unicellular or multicellular, can reproduce sexually and asexually Structure: hyphae, mycelium (composed of hyphae) 2 Rhizopus (asexual and sexual reproduction, bread molds) Penicillium Yeast (unicellular, budding) Coprinus (common mushroom, gill part) Lichen (mutualistic composite organisms with ___________?) 3 Lab 6. Nonvascular plants (Kingdom Plantae) Characteristics of mosses (nonvascular plants) Alternation of life cycle: dominant gametophyte vs. sporophyte female and male gametophyte (archegonia and antheridia). Moss male gametophyte (antheridia) in the picture below Lab 7. Seedless vascular plants (Kingdom Plantae) characteristics of ferns (seedless vascular plants) Alternation of life cycle: sporophylls (spore-forming leaves), sori (cluster of aggregated sporangia), independent sporophyte Fern young sporophyte growing out of its gametophyte parent Fern female and male gametophyte (archegonia and antheridia) 4 Lab 8. Gymnosperms (Kingdom Plantae) Characteristics of pine: exposed seeds on cones, heterosporous (microspores occur in male cones and form male gametophytes, megaspores occur in female cones and form female gametophytes), needle-like evergreen leaves (what kinds of evolutionary adaptation?) Seed (ovulate) cone and pollen (staminate) cone Lab 9. Angiosperms (Kingdom Plantae) flower anatomy: petal, sepal, carpel, stamen Roles of flowers and fruits in angiosperm reproduction Double fertilization process (Two sperms fertilize _______ and _______ respectively, and these become ________ and ________) Lab 10. Plant anatomy Primary functions of plant organs: roots (absorb water and minerals), leaves (stomata, photosynthesis), stems (support, transport) 5 Differences between monocot vs. dicot plants (leaf venation, number of petals, growth pattern, cotyledon, arrangement of vascular tissues in stem and root) Differences between primary vs. secondary growth of plants Monocot/ dicot root cross section Monocot/ Dicot stem cross section Leaf cross section (dicot) 6
