BCS111 Week 9.2 FA2024 Cognitive Science PDF

Be able to explain the differences among different approaches to the study of cognition Be able to explain the major research methods used in cognitive science Be able to understand the experiment design and interpret the experimental findings discussed in class. Be able to explain each cognitiv...

Be able to explain the differences among different approaches to the study of cognition Be able to explain the major research methods used in cognitive science Be able to understand the experiment design and interpret the experimental findings discussed in class. Be able to explain each cognitive function and their roles in cognition Different approaches to the The core cognitive functons study of cognition Mid sagittal view (forebrain circled)  X Sedivy (2019) Language in Mind  Evolution of brain functions: Implications of Petersson et al’s (2012) fMRI study Learning of sequences: similar to learning a language Processing of artificial grammar is similar to that of real linguistic sequences Implicit learning of sequences without prior knowledge Original function of Broca’s area: potentially a region for general Ungrammatical > Grammatical sequential processing  Working Memory Perception Attention  Cognitive function Experiments Perception/recognition Categorical perception, Posner & Keele’s dot pattern study of prototypes, ABX, word superiority Attention Dichotic listening, dual task, EEG study of tone counting, Schneider & Shiffrin’s visual search task, attention shift, fMRI study of internal vs. external focus Sensory memory Whole-report vs. partial report, masked priming Short-term memory Free recall, probe-digit, letter recall after counting Working memory Span tasks, n-back, STM tasks, letter detection (prosaccade vs. anti- saccade; with attention), and dichotic listening, dual task (also from attention) Long-term memory Recall of personal experiences vs. knowledge (cerebral blood flow experiment) Deep vs. Shallow processing task Paired associate learning task Verbal fluency task Sentence judgment task (for hierarchical model of concepts)  Typical visual perception stages Dorsal stream (“where”) 😁 Distal stimulus Distal stimulus Ventral 😁 Proximal stimulus 😁 Percept stream(“ what”) Distal stimulus (early sensory processing) à Proximal stimulus (processed in Visual Cortex) à Percept (processed in Temporal cortex) What animal is this? Prototype pattern (not shown in training)  Training Testing: Classify one Same task; but pattern at a time see new patterns (w/ feedback)  Classification accuracy 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Old New Prototype Passively receive and process the info and either filter or attenuate the irrelevant info Actively select the relevant info  Original: without switch Today I’m going to buy some pants with my parents Mr. Johnson was after school…. very disappointed at his son’s behavior at school. He went to the school.. Today I’m going to buy some pants with my parents after school…. and talked with Switched!! the principal for two hours. , but it looks like it’s going to snow , but it looks like..and talked with the principal for two hours of words  Rate of recall slow Fast Is rehearsal useful in all tasks? Not necessarily. slow fast Figure A. Probe digit Figure B. Free recall Opposite pattern: fast yielded better recall in probe task but worse in free recall  Central executive Resource allocation Visuo-spatial Phonological loop sketchpad Apple Pear Pencil Peach Onion Fish Pie Wire … Key Tap Shadow task Read: Memory task Baddeley, A. (2010). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S09609822 09021332#bib12 Slower responses to feature description than category name e in t h h ig h l o w to hy Slower responses to features From hierarc from the top level Slower responses to category members from the top level