Basketball Lecture PDF

CLARENCE S. ORDONIA Personal Safety Protocols in Playing Basketball Basketball Is a team sport, in which the goal is to shoot a ball through a basket that is positioned on both ends of the court. Typically, two teams of five players play on a rectangular court. Basketball is one of the...

CLARENCE S. ORDONIA Personal Safety Protocols in Playing Basketball Basketball Is a team sport, in which the goal is to shoot a ball through a basket that is positioned on both ends of the court. Typically, two teams of five players play on a rectangular court. Basketball is one of the world’s most popular and extensively watched sports.  Objective of the Game The main objective of basketball is to make a goal and score points. A goal is made by shooting the ball through the basket or hoop. The goal post or basket for a team is in the opponent’s court. Each team should not only try to make a goal and prevent the opposite team from taking control of the ball, but should also try to protect the basket in their court and prevent the opponent from making a goal.  HEALTH BENEFITS OF BASKETBALL Burns calories: Running, jumping and quick movements done in basketball provide a significant amount of aerobic exercise and can burn a great deal of calories. Great for cardiovascular health: Basketball can help you develop cardiovascular endurance, depending on how many times play stops. Keep moving and you’ll keep your heart rate up. Building endurance can help keep your heart healthy, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke later in life. Develops concentration and self-discipline: Like every other sport, basketball has rules to follow, and breaking them can result in penalties not just for you, but for your team. Practicing self-discipline helps one become more competitive yet fair and clean in their game and focused in succeeding.  HEALTH BENEFITS OF BASKETBALL Builds bone strength: Jumping and other physical demands of basketball help develop and improve bone health. The stronger your bones, the less likely they are to break. Weight- bearing physical activity causes new bone tissue to form, making bones stronger. Bones and muscles both become stronger when muscles push and tug against bones during physical activity. Enhances confidence: Basketball truly improves anyone’s confidence. Making good shots and being a part of a good team can increase your self-esteem and help gain more confidence. A confident person has more faith in his or her skills and can face life with a better disposition.  HEALTH BENEFITS OF BASKETBALL Mental development: Basketball requires a wide range of physical skills, but it is also a fast-paced mental game. Research on the mental aspects of basketball has revealed that players must develop a great deal of attention to quickly and accurately process what’s happening on the court and make effective decisions with the ball and on defense. During a fast-paced game, you must train yourself to constantly observe your teammates and opponents and evaluate what course of action to take in response to their actions. This can translate to helping you make quick decisions on the job and in other real-life situations. It was invented by the Canadian clergyman, educator, and physician James Naismith on or about December 1891, at the International Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) Training School (now Springfield College) in Springfield Massachusetts. It was Luther Halsey Gulick, Naismith’s supervisor and the College’s first physical education director, who challenged Naismith to invent a new indoor game for the school’s students to play during the long New England winter.  13 Original Rules 1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. 2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands (never with the fist.) 3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good speed if he tries to stop. 4. The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not be used for holding 5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the person of an opponent shall be allowed; the first infringement of this rule by any player shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game, no substitute allowed. 6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of Rules 3, 4, and such as described in Rule 5. 7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the mean time making a foul. 8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal. 9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds; if he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that side. 10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5. 11. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made, and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee. 12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with five minutes’ rest between. Comment: Game formats including length and the number of periods played along with halftime periods vary according to level. 13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In case of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal is made.  The First Ball The very first ball that was used was a soccer ball until 1840 when an actual “basketball” was invented. The basketball was slightly smaller, about thirty inches in diameter  The Basket The first baskets that were used were two peach baskets that were hung from the balcony of the gym By 1906, the peach baskets were replaced by metal baskets with holes in the bottom. In 1913, a hoop with a net was invented so the basketball could fall freely to the ground. Basketball Game Shooting, passing, dribbling, rebounding, and running are the commonly used skills used in the game, as well as different positions (player positioning) defensive and offensive structure and techniques; the “center,” “power forward” or “small forward are the tallest players of the team, while “point guard” or “shooting guard” are the shorter players of the team that possess the best ball handling skills and speed play. BASIC SKILLS Dribbling It is an important skill for all basketball players. This skill will allow you to move around the court, maneuver past defenders and execute plays. This involves bouncing the ball off the floor with your hands. Proper dribbling requires ball-handling skills and knowledge of how to spread your fingers for ball control. It is also best if you know how to dribble equally well with both hands. Use your fingertips to dribble, never the palm. Dribble on the side of your body, never bounce the ball in front repeatedly. Get used to bouncing the ball off the ground. Lower your body slightly so that the ball is bouncing rapidly at waist level. Look up when you are dribbling, not on the ground or on the floor. When switching the ball from one hand to another, bounce the ball across hard and quick. When changing direction, shift the momentum of your body towards that direction.  Types of dribble High bounce Control dribble Speed dribble Crossover dribble Hesitation dribble Between the legs  High Bounce The high dribble is used when you are trying to move the ball up the court very quickly. Typically, you will see high dribbles after steals and during fast-break opportunities. To execute a high dribble, keep you torso erect and push the top of the ball forward, well ahead of your body. The bounce of the ball should reach anywhere from between your upper thigh to slightly above your waist. Control Dribble When a defender is guarding you closely, you should use the "control dribble". Keep in a somewhat crouched, bent over position. Keep your body between the ball and the defender. Keep the ball low to the floor, behind and close to your body. Keep your other arm straight out in front of you, as a guard against the defender. You can't push off, or grab the defender, but you can use your "arm-bar" to keep the defender from reaching around you. Do not stop your dribble until you can either pass or shoot.  Speed Dribble in the open court To move the ball quickly down the floor use the "speed dribble". Push the ball forward, ahead of you several feet. Bounce the ball at least waist high. As always, keep your head up, and visualize the whole court, so you can find the open teammate. Often a jump stop at the end of the speed dribble will allow you to maintain control and avoid a traveling call.  Crossover Dribble Simply, the crossover dribble has you switch dribbling from one hand to the other, by bouncing the ball in front of you across to the other side. Then the other hand picks up the ball and you are now dribbling with the opposite hand. You can use this dribble to quickly change your direction on the court. For example, you could be on the point, dribbling with your right hand to the right wing, then suddenly crossover the dribble to the left and drive up the lane. Hesitation Dribble ("Rocker Move") This is another fake move to help you get around the defender in the open court. You speed dribble up to the defender, then suddenly come to a stop by putting your inside foot forward and "rocking" backward onto your outside foot. Then as the defender closes, you blow around his side, resuming the speed dribble, straight to the hoop. For example, you are speed dribbling with your right hand. As you approach the defender, you stop suddenly by putting your left foot forward, and then rocking back on the right foot. This hesitation throws the defender's timing off. Then push hard off the right foot, and speed dribble around his right side. Between the Legs The between the legs dribble is used to go past a defender who is overplaying you. If you are going left, begin with rapid low dribbles with your right hand. Take a deep step forward with your left foot and flick the ball through your legs to your left hand. Keep your body low as you move forward to your left. SHOOTING  half-bent your knees before shooting a basketball for more potential power. Your dominant hand should have its fingers spread out. Only the fingertips should be gripping onto the ball. Your other hand supports the ball on the side. The ball should be brought above the head in one motion. At this point, the angles of your armpit, elbow, and wrist is at 90 degrees. While extending your knees, extend your forearm and your wrist. Make sure you follow through with your wrist movement. It feels natural to jump upon release. Tips on shooting a basketball: Always keep track of the distance between you and the hoop. Tuck your elbows inward towards each other when shooting. Shoot the basketball at an arc. It increases accuracy. Aim at the part inside the rim farthest from your standpoint  B.E.E.F. B-alance E-yes E-lbow F-ollow Through BALANCE EYES ELBOW FOLLOW THROUGH Passing Another skill that when mastered can help you become a complete basketball player. A pass happens when one player throws the ball to another player with a purpose of setting up a play or taking a shot. Passing A pass consists of an intentional transfer of the ball from one player to another of the same team. - It is a skill that maximazes the player’s involvement to set up a play to earn a successful throw on the basket and earn a score for the team. Points of emphasis in teaching passing: A good pass is a pass a teammate can catch. When passing, step toward your receiver. When catching, step toward the pass. Like shooting, the ball should have a backspin to it. This is accomplished by following through on every pass. Basic Passes Chest Pass. The pass originates from the chest. It is thrown by gripping the ball on the sides with the thumbs directly behind the ball. When the pass is thrown, the fingers are rotated behind the ball and the thumbs are turned down. Bounce Pass. Is thrown with the same motion however it is aimed at the floor. It should be thrown far enough out that the ball bounces waist high to the receiver. Overhead Pass. Is often used as an outlet pass. Bring the ball directly above your forehead with both hands on the side of the ball and follow through. Do not bring the ball behind your head, because it can get stolen, and it takes a split-second longer throw the pass. Rebounding The objective of this is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard. This plays a major role in the game, as most possessions end when a team misses a shot. How to rebound: Find a good position on the court. Get low to the ground. Spread your arms. Box out your opponent, if necessary. Jump towards the ball. Grasp the ball with both hands, if possible. Have a plan to pass the ball. Learn to anticipate missed shots. Running This is an important skill in basketball. You will find yourself running back and forth as the game quickly transitions between offense and defense. When you have the ball, running will help you to avoid defenders and get to the basket quicker. Tips to improve running: 1. Lean forward. 2. Run on the balls of your feet. 3. Swing your arms and hands from cheek to cheek (that is butt cheek to face cheek) alongside your body – don’t allow your arms to cross-over in front of your body. 4. Always do a combination of dynamic stretching and warm-up activities. Equipment and Facilities in Basketball Every Filipino love basketball. When you go around the Philippines, you can see basketball courts even in the small villages or provinces. Thus, we should be familiarized with the different equipment and facilities used in Basketball. Equipment in Basketball 1. Ball A ball of basketball is most of the time made of leather with the official size of 29.5 to 30 inches in circumference for men’s game and 28.5 inches in circumference for women’s game. It should weigh 18 to 22 ounces. 2. Uniform When one starts coaching a basketball team, the most important requirement for a team is to have a uniform. This helps one in differentiating a team from another. A uniform consists of a jersey (shirt), shorts, numbers on the front and back of the shirts for identification. 3. Basketball Shoes Basketball shoes help prevent injuries, in part, by providing adequate ankle support. High-top sneakers offer the best ankle support; these shoes should also lace up to the top to help provide a snug fit. 4. Water Bottle Is a container that is used to hold water, liquids or other beverages for consumption. The use of a water bottle allows an individual to drink and transport a beverage from one place to another. A water bottle is usually made of plastic, glass, or metal. To avoid/prevent dehydration:  Drink a cup of water 4 hours before the game and another half-cup of water for every 10 to 15 minutes while playing basketball.  Replenish electrolytes like sodium and potassium which are lost through perspiration with sports drinks or enhanced water.  To lower your body temperature and reduce sweating use wet towels or a water mist on the skin.  When you’re working out or exerting yourself, alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, such as coffee, tea and soda, are not recommended for optimal hydration. 5. Scoreboard - is a large board that displays the score in a game. 6. Whistles - are used by the referees to give signals on the game. 7. Timer – used to regulate the playing time and track the duration of the game. Facilities in Basketball Court dimensions. The court is a flat, hard surface free from obstructions, 28m long and 15m wide, measured from the inner edge of the boundary line. Backboard and Rim. The height above the ground for the rim is 10 feet, and the rim is 18 inches in diameter. 72 inches wide by 42 inches tall is the size of the backboard, with the inner square of 24 inches wide by 18 inches tall. The front court consists of the opponents’ basket, inbounds part of the backboard and the part of the playing court limited by the end lines behind the opponents’ basket, side lines and inner edge of the center line nearest to the opponents’ basket. Lines All lines are white, 5cm wide and clearly visible. Basic Rules and Regulations of Basketball Basketball regulations might fluctuate slightly based on the level of competition (for example, professional rules differ from collegiate rules) or the location of the game (international rules are different from USA professional rules and the Philippines as well. These rule modifications, on the other hand, are typically variants on the core game of basketball, and the bulk of the rules discussed here can be applied to almost any game of basketball. RULES FOR THE OFFENSE: The offensive basketball team is the one that has the ball. When a player has the basketball, he or she must observe the following rules: 1. The ball must be bounced, or dribbled, with one hand while both feet are moving. If both hands touch the ball at the same moment or the player stops dribbling, the player can only move one foot. The motionless foot is referred to as the pivot foot. 2. The basketball player is only allowed to dribble once. In other words, once a player has stopped dribbling, he or she cannot begin dribbling again. A player who resumes dribbling is charged with a double-dribbling infraction and loses possession of the ball to the other side. 3. The ball must remain within the boundaries of the field. If the offensive team loses the ball out of bounds, the ball is turned over to the opposing team. 3. The ball must remain within the boundaries of the field. If the offensive team loses the ball out of bounds, the ball is turned over to the opposing team. Dehydration - it is an abnormal depletion of body fluids. It happens when the body loses greater amount of water than the amount being taken in. To avoid dehydration drink water before and after an exercise, replenish the electrolytes, have regular breaks, and avoid alcoholic and caffeinated beverages. Overexertion - it occurs when people push themselves too hard during a physical activity: sports and exercises; motion control video games such as Nintendo Wii and PlayStation Move; and hobbies like woodworking, building and remodeling. To avoid injuries because of overexertion, maintain proper posture, use safe and efficient workspaces, use proper lifting techniques, carry lighter loads, and know your body limitations. Hypothermia - is a condition of having an abnormally low body temperature, usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperature. To avoid hypothermia, wear warm but breathable layers of clothing, pay attention to shivering (if severe, stop exercising and go indoors), take several breaks in an exercise to maintain core body temperature, and bring extra clothes. Hyperthermia - it occurs when the body's core temperature begins to rise. Heat stress, heat fatigue, and heat exhaustion are the stages of hyperthermia. To avoid hyperthermia, take a regular break, drink adequate water, wear comfortable clothing and find a shady place to rest.