Introduction And Definition Of Concepts, Social Policy PDF

INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS, THEORETICAL EXPLANATION OF SOCIAL POLICY  Introduction and Definition of Concepts, Theoretical Explanation of Social Policy 1 Concepts of Social Policy 2 Social Welfare Policy 3 Functions and Concepts ...

INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS, THEORETICAL EXPLANATION OF SOCIAL POLICY  Introduction and Definition of Concepts, Theoretical Explanation of Social Policy 1 Concepts of Social Policy 2 Social Welfare Policy 3 Functions and Concepts  What is Social Policy? is a decision, made by public or government authorities regarding the assignment and allocation of resources, rights, and responsibilities and expressed in laws and governmental regulations Categories of Social Policy  Policy Demands These are demands or claims made upon officials of government or private agencies by other sectors, private or official in the political system for action on some perceived problems  Policy Decisions are made by officers of organizations that authorize or In the public sector, give direction and content to these include the policy actions. Included are decisions to enact statutes, promulgations of issues, executive orders, administrative rule and administrative order and board the judicial resolutions. interpretation of the laws.  Policy Statements These include legislative Are formal statutes, board resolutions, expression or executive orders and articulation of decrees, administrative rules and regulations and policy. court opinions  Policy Output Are the tangible These are what the organizations do as distinguished from what they say manifestation of policies. The actual number of services delivered Things actually done in and the number of people served are pursuance of policy decisions the quantifiable measures of policy and statements outputs.  Policy Outcomes Are the consequences for a client system, intended or unintended that result from action or inaction by an agency Classifications of Social Policy  Public Policy Action usually undertaken by government directed at a particular goal and legitimated by the commitment of public resources Legislative policy: congress/sanggunian Executive policy: office of the president-executive orders, proclamations, local chief’s memoranda/directives Judicial policy: court decisions at all levels  Administrative Policy Policies within the context of a particular problem/ program such as administrative orders, guidelines or directives  Agency Policy Policies governing the social agency from which rules, procedures and regulations are based. (e.g. target clientele, programs and services, methods of implementations and evaluation  Policy Practice Are efforts to change policies in legislative, agency and community settings whether by establishing new policies, improving existing ones or defeating the policy initiatives of other people  Policy Advocacy A policy practice that aims to help relatively powerless groups improve their resources and opportunities  Changing Context Aff ecting Social Policy and Social Work  Ideas Context Value and ideas shape policies and the delivery of social services Views toward the poor Experience and beliefs  Demographic Context Populations increase and migration Overseas employment and technology  Organizational Context Tensions between the national and local government Conflicts between government and non-government organizations/private sectors  International Context Globalization (economic, social, cultural) International peace and security/terrorist Human rights and fundamental freedom Basis for Policy & Program Development  Gaps in practice  Program & Policy Review: Program Evaluation/Policy Analysis  Recommendations from Researchers  Advocacy of Civil Society  Recommendations of People’s Organizations  Results of Donor Missions  International Commitments and International Tools  Development Planning Frameworks Needs based Rights based Gender and Development Human rights based Sustainable Human Development Difference Between Needs Based & Rights Based Needs based view policy making as means for the satisfaction of needs; Rights based view policy making as not just for the satisfaction of needs but the realization of rights  Policy Process Agenda Setting Policy Formulation Policy Legitimation Policy Implementation Policy Evaluation Social Welfare Policy  Social Welfare Policy Definitions  A subset of social policy.  Societal responses to specific needs and problems such as poverty, etc.  A specific area of the social work curriculum – a practice area: policy advocacy.  Laws and regulations that govern which social welfare exists, what categories of clients served, and who qualifies for a given program including its standards.  Social Welfare Policy Definitions  Social welfare programs are expressions of social welfare policy which must reflect and intent to empower the individual.  As a process, it consists of consequential steps in problem- solving.  As a product, social welfare policy are laws, judicial decisions and administrative directives.  Social policies that focus primarily on the distribution of benefits to those in need.  Lowy – explains that public social policies are derived from four dichotomous approaches to the legislative process:  GENERIC vs. CATEGORICAL APPROACH – generic approach to social policy development seeks a particular outcome for an entire population such as health care or housing for all in society. By contrast, a categorical approach focuses on only one segment of the population such as housing for the elderly or health care for children.  A HOLISTIC vs. SEGMENTED APPROACH – A holistic approach to policy development attempts to address the needs or concern of the total person or the whole family, while a segmented approach focuses on only a single factor, such as an individual’s income or nutrition. It gives rise to a fragmented and confusing service system in which client must approach several different agencies in order to secure the services or result they need in a system that completely falls to address some important needs.  RATIONAL VS. CRISIS APPROACH– The rational approach places a heavy emphasis on deriving social policy from a careful and thorough study of a problem and issues. By contrast, the crisis approach creates policy as a hurried and usually highly political reaction to a crisis or serious problem. Very few of our country’s social policies have grown out of the rational planning process  FUTURE PLANNING vs. POLITICAL CONTEXT APPROACH – The future planning approach gives careful consideration to social trends and probable future developments and tries to anticipate how the various policy options would fit with what can be expected in the future. By contrast, the political context approach is mostly concern with solving an immediate problem and allows the policy to be determined mostly by popular opinion, political interests and pragmatic assumptions about what will be supported and tolerated by dominant forces in Perspectives on Social Welfare Policy and Program Development  RESIDUAL PERSPECTIVE  Conceive as social welfare as focusing on problems and gaps, with social welfare benefits and services supplied only when people fail to provide adequacy for themselves and problem arise (Blau, 2004) INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE  Social welfare policies & program should provide on-going support to all people in need.  Social welfare polices and programs relieve tensions and help solve problems distressing people in their environment.  Universal Provision of Welfare  Social welfare benefits should be equally available to all members of society, regardless of their income of means.  Selective Provision  Social welfare benefits are restricted to those who can demonstrate need through established eligibility criteria.  Philosophical and Value Perspectives on Social Responsibility and Social Welfare which Aff ect Policy Formulation  Conservatism  The philosophy that individuals are responsible for themselves, that government should provide minimal interference in people’s lives and that change is generally unnecessary (Jansson, 2003).  Liberalism  Is the philosophy that supports government involvement in the social, political and economic structure so that all people’s rights and privileges are protected in the name of social justice (Jansson, 2003)  Radicalism  The philosophy that the social and political system as it stands is not structurally capable of truly pursuing social justice. Objectives of Social Welfare Policy  Reduce Poverty NATURE OF POVERTY:  Problem of deprivation  Individual shortcoming  Lack of access to government services  Brought by development process  Unequal distribution of wealth of society  Maximize Welfare  Welfare is a human right. Every person regardless of one’s stature is entitled to receive welfare services. It implies that every institution of society has the responsibility to address the welfare needs of its constituents.  Pursue Equality It means that no person shall be deprived of welfare services.  Pursue Equality It means that no person shall be deprived of welfare services. Approaches Safety Net Approach This holds that individuals, families and local communities are the primary source of social care. State provisions should be kept to the minimum, complimentary to what informal networks in the community provide, let undermine both their capacity and their moral resolution to care for their own. Public welfare interventions should only be used as a last recourse. Community Approach This assumes that lay people (not trained or qualified) have more potential, ability and commitment to care for each other than is assumed by the welfare state approach. Power and decision-making in social services ought to be devolved as far as possible to local communities   Welfare State Approach The State has the obligation to provide comprehensive services to respond to the problems of poverty, old age and disability whatever their cause in two ways:  Main provider of resources firmly channeled in the direction of public services with voluntary organizations & informal community networks left little part to play  Partnership between the state, voluntary organizations & community networks in providing resources and public services THANK YOU !!!