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Questions and Answers
What primary aim do social welfare programs seek to achieve?
What primary aim do social welfare programs seek to achieve?
Which approach to social policy development seeks outcomes for the entire population?
Which approach to social policy development seeks outcomes for the entire population?
Which approach focuses only on a single factor, like nutrition or income?
Which approach focuses only on a single factor, like nutrition or income?
What characterizes the rational approach in social policy development?
What characterizes the rational approach in social policy development?
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What does the crisis approach in social policy generally lead to?
What does the crisis approach in social policy generally lead to?
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In the context of social welfare policy, what does the holistic approach focus on?
In the context of social welfare policy, what does the holistic approach focus on?
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What does a future planning approach in social policy consider?
What does a future planning approach in social policy consider?
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Which type of social policy is typically fragmented and confusing for clients?
Which type of social policy is typically fragmented and confusing for clients?
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What best describes public policy?
What best describes public policy?
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Which of the following is an example of agency policy?
Which of the following is an example of agency policy?
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What characterizes policy advocacy?
What characterizes policy advocacy?
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Which process is NOT part of policy development?
Which process is NOT part of policy development?
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What does a needs-based approach to policy making emphasize?
What does a needs-based approach to policy making emphasize?
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Which context involves the influence of global events on social policy?
Which context involves the influence of global events on social policy?
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What role do recommendations from researchers play in policy development?
What role do recommendations from researchers play in policy development?
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How do Value and ideas impact social policies?
How do Value and ideas impact social policies?
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What is the primary function of social policy?
What is the primary function of social policy?
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Which of the following statements best describes policy demands?
Which of the following statements best describes policy demands?
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What are policy statements primarily composed of?
What are policy statements primarily composed of?
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Policy decisions are typically made by which of the following?
Policy decisions are typically made by which of the following?
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What does policy output refer to?
What does policy output refer to?
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Which of the following best describes social welfare policy?
Which of the following best describes social welfare policy?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of social policy?
Which of the following is NOT a component of social policy?
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What is an example of a policy decision in the public sector?
What is an example of a policy decision in the public sector?
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What is the main focus of the political context approach to policy-making?
What is the main focus of the political context approach to policy-making?
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In the residual perspective, social welfare focuses on which of the following?
In the residual perspective, social welfare focuses on which of the following?
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What distinguishes the institutional perspective on social welfare from the residual perspective?
What distinguishes the institutional perspective on social welfare from the residual perspective?
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Which of the following best describes the concept of universal provision of welfare?
Which of the following best describes the concept of universal provision of welfare?
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What is the core belief of conservatism in social welfare philosophy?
What is the core belief of conservatism in social welfare philosophy?
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What does the philosophy of radicalism argue regarding social justice?
What does the philosophy of radicalism argue regarding social justice?
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Which of the following outcomes is NOT explicitly stated as an objective of social welfare policy?
Which of the following outcomes is NOT explicitly stated as an objective of social welfare policy?
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What is a primary concern of social welfare regarding poverty?
What is a primary concern of social welfare regarding poverty?
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What does the Safety Net Approach emphasize regarding social care?
What does the Safety Net Approach emphasize regarding social care?
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What is a key assumption of the Community Approach to social services?
What is a key assumption of the Community Approach to social services?
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Which of the following accurately describes the Welfare State Approach?
Which of the following accurately describes the Welfare State Approach?
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In the Safety Net Approach, when should public welfare interventions be utilized?
In the Safety Net Approach, when should public welfare interventions be utilized?
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How does the Welfare State Approach view the role of voluntary organizations?
How does the Welfare State Approach view the role of voluntary organizations?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Social Policy
- Social Policy: Decisions by government authorities about resource allocation, rights, and responsibilities, formalized through laws and regulations.
- Social Welfare Policy: A subset of social policy addressing specific societal needs and challenges, such as poverty.
Categories of Social Policy
- Policy Demands: Claims made by sectors on officials for action against perceived issues.
- Policy Decisions: Authoritative actions such as enacting statutes or administrative rules.
- Policy Statements: Formal legislative expressions, including statutes and executive orders.
- Policy Output: Tangible manifestations of policies, quantifiable by services delivered and people served.
- Policy Outcomes: Consequences from agency actions or inactions, whether intended or unintended.
Classifications of Social Policy
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Public Policy: Government actions with public resource commitment aimed at specific goals.
- Legislative Policy: Enacted by legislative bodies.
- Executive Policy: Issued by the president through orders and proclamations.
- Judicial Policy: Established through court decisions.
- Administrative Policy: Policies targeting specific programs or problems.
- Agency Policy: Internal rules of social agencies guiding service delivery and implementation.
- Policy Practice: Efforts to create, enhance, or obstruct policies across legislative, agency, and community settings.
- Policy Advocacy: Actions aimed at empowering marginalized groups by improving their resources and opportunities.
Contexts Influencing Social Policy
- Ideas Context: Values and beliefs influence policy decisions and social service delivery.
- Demographic Context: Population dynamics and migration trends impact social policy.
- Organizational Context: Tensions between national and local governance affect policy implementation.
- International Context: Globalization and international relations shape social welfare policies.
Basis for Policy Development
- Identification of gaps in practice and subsequent evaluations or analyses of existing policies.
- Advocacy from civil society and feedback from people’s organizations guide policy direction.
- Development frameworks may include needs-based, rights-based, or gender-focused approaches.
Policy Process Stages
- Agenda Setting: Identifying issues for policy consideration.
- Policy Formulation: Crafting potential solutions to identified problems.
- Policy Legitimation: Gaining public approval for proposed policies.
- Policy Implementation: Effectuating policies through actions.
- Policy Evaluation: Assessing the effectiveness and outcomes of implemented policies.
Social Welfare Policy
- Focuses on societal responses to specific needs like poverty.
- Laws dictate eligibility for social welfare programs and the benefits available.
- Definitions include the empowerment of individuals and reflect steps taken for problem-solving.
Approaches to Policy Development
- Generic vs. Categorical: Generic seeks outcomes for entire populations, while categorical focuses on specific segments.
- Holistic vs. Segmented: Holistic addresses overall needs, segmented focuses on single factors leading to fragmented services.
- Rational vs. Crisis Approach: Rational is based on thorough research, while crisis reacts hastily to immediate problems.
- Future Planning vs. Political Context: Future planning anticipates trends, while the political context reacts to current public opinion.
Perspectives on Social Welfare Policy
- Residual Perspective: Views welfare as a last resort for those unable to care for themselves.
- Institutional Perspective: Advocates for ongoing support for all individuals in need.
- Universal Provision: All members of society should have equal access to benefits.
- Selective Provision: Benefits are available based on demonstrable need.
Objectives and Approaches of Social Welfare Policy
- Reduce Poverty: Target underlying causes of deprivation and unequal wealth distribution.
- Maximize Welfare: Recognizes welfare as a human right for all, emphasizing institutional responsibility.
- Equality: Ensures no one is deprived of welfare services.
- Safety Net Approach: Minimal state intervention, prioritizing community support and care.
- Community Approach: Empowers local communities to take charge of social services.
- Welfare State Approach: Advocates for comprehensive state provisions to tackle poverty and related issues, fostering partnerships with community organizations.
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