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Questions and Answers
What primary aim do social welfare programs seek to achieve?
Which approach to social policy development seeks outcomes for the entire population?
Which approach focuses only on a single factor, like nutrition or income?
What characterizes the rational approach in social policy development?
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What does the crisis approach in social policy generally lead to?
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In the context of social welfare policy, what does the holistic approach focus on?
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What does a future planning approach in social policy consider?
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Which type of social policy is typically fragmented and confusing for clients?
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What best describes public policy?
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Which of the following is an example of agency policy?
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What characterizes policy advocacy?
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Which process is NOT part of policy development?
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What does a needs-based approach to policy making emphasize?
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Which context involves the influence of global events on social policy?
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What role do recommendations from researchers play in policy development?
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How do Value and ideas impact social policies?
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What is the primary function of social policy?
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Which of the following statements best describes policy demands?
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What are policy statements primarily composed of?
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Policy decisions are typically made by which of the following?
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What does policy output refer to?
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Which of the following best describes social welfare policy?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of social policy?
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What is an example of a policy decision in the public sector?
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What is the main focus of the political context approach to policy-making?
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In the residual perspective, social welfare focuses on which of the following?
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What distinguishes the institutional perspective on social welfare from the residual perspective?
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Which of the following best describes the concept of universal provision of welfare?
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What is the core belief of conservatism in social welfare philosophy?
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What does the philosophy of radicalism argue regarding social justice?
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Which of the following outcomes is NOT explicitly stated as an objective of social welfare policy?
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What is a primary concern of social welfare regarding poverty?
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What does the Safety Net Approach emphasize regarding social care?
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What is a key assumption of the Community Approach to social services?
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Which of the following accurately describes the Welfare State Approach?
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In the Safety Net Approach, when should public welfare interventions be utilized?
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How does the Welfare State Approach view the role of voluntary organizations?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Social Policy
- Social Policy: Decisions by government authorities about resource allocation, rights, and responsibilities, formalized through laws and regulations.
- Social Welfare Policy: A subset of social policy addressing specific societal needs and challenges, such as poverty.
Categories of Social Policy
- Policy Demands: Claims made by sectors on officials for action against perceived issues.
- Policy Decisions: Authoritative actions such as enacting statutes or administrative rules.
- Policy Statements: Formal legislative expressions, including statutes and executive orders.
- Policy Output: Tangible manifestations of policies, quantifiable by services delivered and people served.
- Policy Outcomes: Consequences from agency actions or inactions, whether intended or unintended.
Classifications of Social Policy
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Public Policy: Government actions with public resource commitment aimed at specific goals.
- Legislative Policy: Enacted by legislative bodies.
- Executive Policy: Issued by the president through orders and proclamations.
- Judicial Policy: Established through court decisions.
- Administrative Policy: Policies targeting specific programs or problems.
- Agency Policy: Internal rules of social agencies guiding service delivery and implementation.
- Policy Practice: Efforts to create, enhance, or obstruct policies across legislative, agency, and community settings.
- Policy Advocacy: Actions aimed at empowering marginalized groups by improving their resources and opportunities.
Contexts Influencing Social Policy
- Ideas Context: Values and beliefs influence policy decisions and social service delivery.
- Demographic Context: Population dynamics and migration trends impact social policy.
- Organizational Context: Tensions between national and local governance affect policy implementation.
- International Context: Globalization and international relations shape social welfare policies.
Basis for Policy Development
- Identification of gaps in practice and subsequent evaluations or analyses of existing policies.
- Advocacy from civil society and feedback from people’s organizations guide policy direction.
- Development frameworks may include needs-based, rights-based, or gender-focused approaches.
Policy Process Stages
- Agenda Setting: Identifying issues for policy consideration.
- Policy Formulation: Crafting potential solutions to identified problems.
- Policy Legitimation: Gaining public approval for proposed policies.
- Policy Implementation: Effectuating policies through actions.
- Policy Evaluation: Assessing the effectiveness and outcomes of implemented policies.
Social Welfare Policy
- Focuses on societal responses to specific needs like poverty.
- Laws dictate eligibility for social welfare programs and the benefits available.
- Definitions include the empowerment of individuals and reflect steps taken for problem-solving.
Approaches to Policy Development
- Generic vs. Categorical: Generic seeks outcomes for entire populations, while categorical focuses on specific segments.
- Holistic vs. Segmented: Holistic addresses overall needs, segmented focuses on single factors leading to fragmented services.
- Rational vs. Crisis Approach: Rational is based on thorough research, while crisis reacts hastily to immediate problems.
- Future Planning vs. Political Context: Future planning anticipates trends, while the political context reacts to current public opinion.
Perspectives on Social Welfare Policy
- Residual Perspective: Views welfare as a last resort for those unable to care for themselves.
- Institutional Perspective: Advocates for ongoing support for all individuals in need.
- Universal Provision: All members of society should have equal access to benefits.
- Selective Provision: Benefits are available based on demonstrable need.
Objectives and Approaches of Social Welfare Policy
- Reduce Poverty: Target underlying causes of deprivation and unequal wealth distribution.
- Maximize Welfare: Recognizes welfare as a human right for all, emphasizing institutional responsibility.
- Equality: Ensures no one is deprived of welfare services.
- Safety Net Approach: Minimal state intervention, prioritizing community support and care.
- Community Approach: Empowers local communities to take charge of social services.
- Welfare State Approach: Advocates for comprehensive state provisions to tackle poverty and related issues, fostering partnerships with community organizations.
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