AST-111 Occupational Health and Safety (PDF)

CTU – San Francisco Campus AST 111 – Fundamentals of Electrical and Electronics Topic No. 1 – OHS Standards and 6S- Housekeeping OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS) AND HOUSEKEEPING (/6S) Safety guidelines help...

CTU – San Francisco Campus AST 111 – Fundamentals of Electrical and Electronics Topic No. 1 – OHS Standards and 6S- Housekeeping OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS) AND HOUSEKEEPING (/6S) Safety guidelines help protect individuals from accidents and injury and protect equipment from damage. Stay alert to situations that could result in injury or damage to equipment. Warning signs are designed to alert you to danger. Always watch for these signs and take the appropriate action according to the warning given. OSH – Occupational Safety and Health deceased Occupational safety and health (OSH), also commonly referred to as occupational health and safety (OHS), occupational health, or occupational safety, is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at occupation As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) "occupational health deals with all aspects of health and safety in the workplace and has a strong focus on primary prevention of hazards. Health has been defined as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Occupational health is a multidisciplinary field of healthcare concerned with enabling an individual to undertake their occupation, in the way that causes least harm to their health. World Health Organization (WHO) The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution, which establishes the agency's governing structure and principles, states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health". It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, with six semi- autonomous regional offices and 150 field offices worldwide. The WHO's broad mandate includes advocating for universal healthcare, monitoring public health risks, coordinating responses to health emergencies, and promoting human health and well-being. It provides technical assistance to countries, sets international health standards and guidelines, and collects data on global health issues through the World Health Survey. 1  ILO - International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice through setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and oldest specialized agency of the UN. It is devoted to promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and labor rights, pursuing its founding mission that social justice is essential to universal and lasting peace. Only tripartite U.N. agency, the ILO brings together governments, employers and workers representatives of 187 member States , to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programs promoting decent work for all women and men. Today, the ILO's Decent Work agenda helps advance the economic and working conditions that give all workers, employers and governments a stake in lasting peace, prosperity and progress. United Nations (UN) The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the largest, most familiar, most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world. The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City, with its other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague. The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations. On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945, when the UN began operations. Pursuant to the Charter, the organization's objectives include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - USA The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor. Congress established the agency under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which President Richard M. Nixon signed into law on December 29, 1970. OSHA's mission is to "assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance". Most nations have rules designed to protect workers against hazardous conditions. In the United States, the organization in charge of worker safety and health is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The Occupational Safety and Health Act grants OSHA the authority to issue workplace health and safety regulations. These regulations include limits on hazardous chemical exposure, employee access to hazard information, requirements for the use of personal protective equipment, and requirements to prevent falls and hazards from operating dangerous equipment. Occupational Safety and Health Center – Philippines Created by virtue of Executive Order No. 307, on November 4, 1987 by then President Corazon C. Aquino, the OSHC is envisioned as the national authority for research and training on matters pertaining to safety and health at work. It provides the expertise and intervention mechanism to improve workplace conditions in the Philippines. It has a dual mandate of protecting Filipino workers against accidents and illnesses and promoting workers' welfare through effective programs that enhance productivity, workers well-being and afford social protection to its client sector. The OSHC is the front-runner of two much-awaited events on OSH. Held every two years, the Gawad Kaligtasan at Kasalusugan (GKK) and the National Occupational Safety and Health (NOSH) Congress serve as centerpiece programs on increasing awareness and strengthening commitment for safe and healthier workplaces nationwide. The services of the 2 OSHC cover the preventive aspects of occupational safety and health both public and private workplaces. As the authority on OSH, the OSHC fulfills its mission through research, training, information dissemination, and technical services. The management is headed by the Executive Director who oversees the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of OSHC’s operations. Programs are carried out through the following work centers: Office of the Executive Director (OED), Environment Control Division (ECD), Health Control Division (HCD), Safety Control Division (SCD), Training and Public Information Division (TPID), and the Finance and Administrative Division (FAD). MANDATE Legal Basis - Created by virtue of Executive Order No. 307, on November 1987 by then President Corazon C. Aquino VISION A healthy and well-protected working population in a caring and responsive work environment brought about by sound OSH policies and laws, research, training, information exchange, technical expertise and extensive networking. MISSION To develop effective, responsive, and sustainable OSH programs, policies and services; promote excellent management of resources and foster mutually beneficial linkages that will create a healthy and safe work environment for workers in all industries. The Department of Labor and Employment (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Paggawa at Empleyo, commonly abbreviated as DOLE) is one of the executive departments of the Philippine government mandated to formulate policies, implement programs and services, and serve as the policy-coordinating arm of the Executive Branch in the field of labor and employment. It is tasked with the enforcement of the provisions of the Labor Code. VISION : Every Filipino worker attains full, decent, and productive employment". MISSION: To promote gainful employment opportunities, develop human resources, protect workers and promote their welfare, and maintain industrial peace. SAFETY STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES Work Areas Safe working conditions help to prevent injury to people and damage to computer equipment. A safe workspace is clean, organized, and properly lighted. Everyone must understand and follow safety procedures. Follow proper procedures for handling computer equipment to reduce the risk of personal injury, damage to property, and loss of data. Any damage or loss may result in claims for damage from the owner of the property and data. SDS - MSDS A safety data sheet (SDS), material safety data sheet (MSDS), or product safety data sheet (PSDS) is an important component of product stewardship, occupational safety and health, and spill-handling procedures. SDS formats can vary from source to source within a country depending on national requirements. SDSs are a widely used system for cataloging information on chemicals, chemical compounds, and chemical mixtures. SAFETY PROCEDURES ON HANDLING POTENTIAL HAZARDS Fire Safety Guidelines Follow fire safety guidelines to protect lives, structures, and equipment. To avoid an electrical shock, and to prevent damage to the computer, turn off and unplug the computer before beginning a repair. Fire can spread rapidly and be very costly. Proper use of a fire extinguisher can prevent a small fire from getting out of control. When working with computer components, always consider the possibility of an accidental fire and know how to react. 3 If there is a fire, you should follow these safety procedures: Never fight a fire that is out of control or not contained. Always have a planned fire escape route before beginning any work. Get out of the building quickly. Contact emergency services for help. Using a fire extinguisher Be sure to locate and read the instructions on the fire extinguishers in your workplace before you have to use them. Safety training may be available in your organization. In the United States, there are four classifications for fire extinguishers. A different letter, color, and shape identifies each fire extinguisher classification. Each type of fire extinguisher has specific chemicals to fight different types of fires: Types of Fire Extinguishers: Class A – Paper, wood, plastics, cardboard Class B – Gasoline, kerosene, organic solvents Class C – Electrical equipment Class D – Combustible metals Class K – Combustible oils Use the memory aid P-A-S-S to help you remember the basic rules of fire extinguisher operation: P - Pull the pin. A - Aim at the base of the fire, not at the flames. S - Squeeze the lever. S - Sweep the nozzle from side to side. Electrical Safety Guidelines Cable installers should also learn about basic safety principles. These principles will be used every day on the job. Since there are many hazards involved in cable installation, the installer should be prepared for all situations to prevent accidents or injuries. Cable installers work with wiring designed for low-voltage systems. Most people would not notice the voltage applied to a data cable. However, the voltage of network devices that data cables plug into can range from 100 to 240 volts. If a circuit failure made the voltage accessible, it could cause a dangerous or fatal shock to the installer. Low-voltage installers must also consider the hazards of high-voltage wiring. OSHC promotes the used of PPE at workplaces Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) One aspect of work safety is wearing the proper work attire. Protective clothing or gear can prevent an injury or make it less severe. When working with power tools, it is important to protect eyes from flying debris and ears from deafening noises. If goggles and earplugs are not used, eyesight or hearing could be damaged permanently. Installing network cables, whether copper or fiber optic, can be dangerous. Often, cables must be pulled through ceilings and walls where there are obstacles and unexpected or toxic materials. You should wear clothing that protects you from these materials. For example, wear long pants, long-sleeved shirts, sturdy shoes that cover your feet, and gloves to protect the whole body. COMMON EXAMPLES OF PPE 4  Long trousers and sleeves help protect the arms and legs from cuts, scratches, and other hazards. Avoid wearing excessively loose or baggy clothing because it may catch on a protruding object or get caught in power tools. Wear sturdy, fully enclosed, and appropriate shoes for the job. They should protect the soles of the feet from sharp objects on the floor. Thick-soled shoes are best when working around nails, scrap metal, and other materials. Steel-toed shoes can protect toes from falling objects. Soles should also have traction to prevent slipping. Safety glasses should be worn when cutting, drilling, sawing, or working in a crawl space. When materials are cut, prepped, and discarded during cable termination processes, small particles may become airborne. When working with fiber optics, the glass fibers, adhesives, and solvents can come in contact with the eyes. Eye protection should be worn in all labs. Before starting any lab exercise, review the safety instructions and safety equipment needed. Hard hats may be required at job sites, especially those involving construction. Hard hats may display company colors or logos to identify the wearer as belonging to a certain organization. If purchasing a hard hat for personal use, do not decorate it without permission from the employer. Hand Gloves must be required at all handmade shop work as possible to protects workers from hand damages specially when working with electricity, chemical and hazardous substances. HOUSEKEEPING – 5S / 6S LABORATORY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES – (6S & CANDO) 6S Methodical Management One of the most powerful Lean Manufacturing Tools and a cornerstone of any successful implementation is that of 6S (Japanese terms) Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu and Shitsuke and Safety – (Anze or Anzen-sei). 6S is a simple tool for organizing your workplace in a clean, efficient and safe manner to enhance your productivity, visual management and to ensure the introduction of standardized working. These six (6) distinct phases are (with English descriptions) The phases of 6 S in English and Japanese Seiri, or in English; Sort, Clearing, Classify. In this stage we remove all clutter and unwanted items leaving only the tools, equipment, components, and machines that are required on a daily basis. Seiton, or in English; Straighten, Simplify, Set in order, Configure. This stage is where we organize all of the remaining items; using ergonomic principles to locate items where they minimize movement and reduce stress. We also ensure that items are clearly identified and have a clearly identified home – “A place for everything, and everything in its place.” Seiso, or in English; Sweep, shine, Scrub, Clean and Check. This is the cleaning and painting of the area to bring it to a “new” standard. The reason for this is not just to make the area look pretty but to ensure that things like leaks and other issues stand out against the otherwise clean area. Seiketsu, or in English; Standardize, stabilize, Conformity. During this phase of 6S we standardize the previous stages of the implementation by ensuring common color codes and ways of working. Seiketsu is the fourth step 5  of the 5S method. It means "standardized cleanup". It derives from the one-time Seiso step which made the factory "shiny clean" and set the standard for cleanliness. Shitsuke, or in English; Sustain, self-discipline, custom and practice. This is where we try to make the process part of the culture of the company to ensure the ongoing implementation and improvement of this initiative. It is the most important concept of 5S/6S from the point of view of long-term productivity management. If you failed in achieving shitsuke, you 5S/6S can be only short lived. The 6th “S”; Safety (Anzensei), we now concentrate on safety aspects of our initiative, reviewing every action and each area to ensure that we have not overlooked any potential hazards. Safety was added to maintain safe and secure working environment both workers, materials and workplace as “safety first, last and always”. CANDO Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist, business magnate, founder of the Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production. By creating the first automobile that middle-class Americans could afford, he converted the automobile from an expensive luxury into an accessible conveyance that profoundly impacted the landscape of the 20th century. Henry Ford – CANDO Henry Ford’s CANDO is the same concept with 5S/ 6’S. Ford made significant Ford's CANDO Lean's 5S contributions to lean thinking, and paved the way fifty years before Lean was Cleaning Up Sort born. An important Ford principle is CANDO, invented probably before 1920, Arranging Straighten is an acronym for five steps: Cleaning up, Arranging, Neatness, Discipline and Neatness Sweep Ongoing improvement. Coming from an industrialist CANDO is simple to Discipline Standardize follow, crisp and practical. Ongoing Improvement Self-Discipline Adapted and Compiled from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization https://oshc.dole.gov.ph/about-us/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Labour_Organization https://www.un.org/en/sections/what-we-do/index.html http://leanmanufacturingtools.org/210/lean-6s-5s-safety https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford http://www.projectmanagement.com/blog/Agility-and-Project-Leadership/7424/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZnDAt6K_ks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT2zSMnWozU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGoP41DhH3A 6