Joint Mobility Assessment PDF

UNIT 1: JOINT MOBILITY ASSESSMENT AROM (Active Range of Movement) Provides information about articular surfaces (bones, cartilages, ligaments) + F (muscles, nerves, tendons) + Coordination (Cerebellum, Motivation, Kinesophobia) Doesn’t discriminate between contractile/ not contractile components. If...

UNIT 1: JOINT MOBILITY ASSESSMENT AROM (Active Range of Movement) Provides information about articular surfaces (bones, cartilages, ligaments) + F (muscles, nerves, tendons) + Coordination (Cerebellum, Motivation, Kinesophobia) Doesn’t discriminate between contractile/ not contractile components. If pain appears during the motion: Contraction, Stretching ( muscles and ligaments) and Pinching (Meniscus, capsule and nerves , intervertebral disks) Main physiological movements Combined physiological movements Movement quality —> visual inspection PROM (Passive Range of Movement) Slightly greater than the AROM Information about Art. Surfaces No relying upon force or coordination If pain appears: -at the beginning of—> related to non contractile structure. -at the end of —> related to both contractile & non contractile structure ROM influencing factors Widely recognised (EB). Others -Age. -Position -Gender. -Experience -BMI. -Day time -Physical activity habits -Warm up -Professional occupation -Leisure activities Gender Women (increased ROM due to increased connective tissue laxity) Age Children under 2yr have a higher ROM than adults. Gender doesn’t influence it Adults, varies according to the joint, also affected by associated pathologies such as Sclerosis. BMI Muscle hyper trophy and increased fatty tissue Physical condition Warm up routine Measuring Devices Tracing paper (e.g contours of fingers and feet) Measuring tape (e.g measuring lung capacity around chest) Goniometer Electronic goniometer Movement analysis systems Rulers Goniometry Measurement of a corporal segment related to other through particular joint, by the use of graded devices. The examiner MUST know: -Subject position -Required stabilisation -Physiological final sensation (passive ROM assessment) Procedure -Bony prominences location -Appropriate alignment/posture stabilisation -Device proper alignment * -Segment displacement and end stop -Device interpretation -Right data registration Before measuring… -Visual inspection of the movement look at quality of movement and how movement is performed. -Establish a logical sequence -Keep the required materials within reach -Clear up the instructions for the patient (Active ROM) Types -Static For measuring positions, deformities, stationary angles. -Dynamic For measuring movements (passive and active) Inclinometer - Gravity dependent - Comprising: angle conveyor, pendulum needle (frontal + sagittal planes), magnetic Compass (horizontal plane) -Placed upon the distal segment. -Not recommended for: Small joints Deformities Swollen areas Precautions to take using a compass: ASK FOR PACEMAKER Electronic Goniometer Used in research Appropriate for dynamic measurements Accurate calibrations and subject positioning required. Comprising: Potentiometer, fixed arm and mobile arm. Goniometer Alignement Arms placement Bony references must be PRECISELY LOCATED -Proximal / Fixed arm —> Parallel to longitudinal axis of the proximal segment. -Distal / Mobile arm —> Parallel to longitudinal axis of the distal segment Fulcrum Placement On the movement axis of the assessed joint Since it will vary during motion … MAKE SURE THE ARMS ARE PROPERLY ALIGNED AT ALL TIMES. Keep in mind … 1st —> Visual Estimation —> increases accuracy Goniometer should NOT accompany ROM Bilateral measurement. Results Recording X/ 0/ Y Sytem X: Flexion, Abduction, External Rotation, Supination 0: Neutral position (reference) Y: Extension, Adduction, Internal Rotation, Pronation. -Effective angle: Possible range of motion (angle) in each measurement. # -Functional angle: Minimum range of motion (angle) required for joint functioning. Other measurement device Measuring Tape and Ruler -Measures distances and perimeters -Requires bony or cutaneous references at all times -Assess indirect mobility of the spine. Contours outlining -For measuring small joints