24 Questions
What does the AROM assessment provide information about?
articular surfaces, muscles, nerves, tendons, and coordination
What happens if pain appears during the AROM assessment?
It can indicate a problem with contraction, stretching, or pinching
What is the difference between AROM and PROM?
AROM relies on force and coordination while PROM does not
What is one of the factors that influence the range of motion?
Age
How does gender affect the range of motion?
Women have a higher range of motion due to increased connective tissue laxity
How does age affect the range of motion in children?
Children under 2 years have a higher range of motion than adults
What is the effect of sclerosis on the range of motion?
It varies depending on the joint
What is the main difference between contractile and non-contractile components?
Contractile components are muscles and tendons, while non-contractile components are articular surfaces and ligaments
What is the primary purpose of a goniometer in physical assessment?
To measure the angle of a corporal segment related to another through a particular joint
What is essential for the examiner to know before performing goniometry?
The subject position, required stabilization, and physiological final sensation
What type of goniometry is used to measure movements?
Dynamic
What is a precaution to take when using a compass with an inclinometer?
Ask for a pacemaker
What is the purpose of a visual inspection of the movement?
To assess the quality of movement and how it is performed
What type of goniometer is used in research and requires accurate calibrations and subject positioning?
Electronic Goniometer
What is not recommended when using an inclinometer?
Measuring small joints
What is the purpose of establishing a logical sequence in goniometry?
To prepare the required materials
What is the correct placement of the proximal-fixed arm during goniometer alignment?
Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the proximal segment
Why is visual estimation important during goniometer alignment?
It increases the accuracy of the measurement
What is the purpose of the fulcrum in a goniometer?
To provide a fixed point for the distal arm
What is the correct notation for recording goniometer measurements?
X/0/Y system
What is the functional angle in goniometer measurement?
The minimum range of motion required for joint functioning
What is the purpose of contours outlining in goniometer measurement?
To measure small joints
What is the correct way to perform bilateral measurements using a goniometer?
Do not accompany ROM with bilateral measurements
What is the purpose of a measuring tape and ruler in goniometry?
To measure distances and perimeters
Study Notes
Goniometer Alignment and Placement
- Consists of potentiometer, fixed arm, and mobile arm
- Bony references must be precisely located for accurate alignment
- Proximal (fixed) arm: parallel to longitudinal axis of proximal segment
- Distal (mobile) arm: parallel to longitudinal axis of distal segment
- Fulcrum placement: on the movement axis of the assessed joint
Measurement and Recording
- Results recorded in X/0/Y system:
- X: Flexion, Abduction, External Rotation, Supination
- 0: Neutral position (reference)
- Y: Extension, Adduction, Internal Rotation, Pronation
- Effective angle: possible range of motion (angle) in each measurement
- Functional angle: minimum range of motion (angle) required for joint functioning
Other Measurement Devices
- Measuring Tape and Ruler: measures distances and perimeters, requires bony or cutaneous references
- Contours outlining: for measuring small joints
Joint Mobility Assessment (JMA)
- AROM (Active Range of Movement): provides information about articular surfaces, muscles, nerves, tendons, and coordination
- PROM (Passive Range of Movement): slightly greater than AROM, provides information about articular surfaces
- ROM influencing factors: age, position, gender, experience, BMI, day time, physical activity habits, warm up, professional occupation, leisure activities
Goniometry
- Measurement of a corporal segment related to another through a particular joint using graded devices
- Examiner must know: subject position, required stabilisation, physiological final sensation
- Procedure: bony prominences location, appropriate alignment/posture stabilisation, device proper alignment, segment displacement and end stop, device interpretation, right data registration
Inclinometer
- Gravity-dependent device comprising angle conveyor, pendulum needle (frontal + sagittal planes), and magnetic compass (horizontal plane)
- Placed upon the distal segment
- Not recommended for small joints, deformities, and swollen areas
- Precautions to take using a compass: ask for pacemaker
Electronic Goniometer
- Used in research, appropriate for dynamic measurements
- Requires accurate calibrations and subject positioning
This quiz assesses knowledge of joint mobility evaluation using Active Range of Movement (AROM) method, covering articular surfaces, muscles, nerves, and coordination. It also explores the physiological movements and reactions to pain during motion.
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