Arteries 2024 PDF

Department of Anatomy Wuhan University School of Medicine Arteries Lingling Ding Arteries are the vessels that carry blood away from the ventricles to the capillaries.  Pulmonary circulation Arteries of pulmonary circulation carry oxy...

Department of Anatomy Wuhan University School of Medicine Arteries Lingling Ding Arteries are the vessels that carry blood away from the ventricles to the capillaries.  Pulmonary circulation Arteries of pulmonary circulation carry oxygen-poor blood to the lung for oxygenation.  Systemic circulation Systemic circulation takes place between the heart and all organs Arteries of systemic circulation supply oxygenated and nutrient- rich blood to tissues, colored as red. Distribution characteristics of arteries  Symmetrical in all limbs  Regional artery trunks  Parietal branches and visceral branches  Neurovascular tract  Flexor, deep or masked aspect  Shortest distance to organs  Distribution is related to the shape of the distributed organs  Diameter is related to the function of the organs Ⅰ. Arteries of Pulmonary Circulation Right ventricle of the heart Pulmonary a. 3rd sternocostal joint Pulmonary Trunk T4/5 Left pulmonary a. Aortic arch Right pulmonary a. Arterial lig. Sup. vena cava * Arterial ligament (ligamentum arteriosum): is Pulmonary trunk a fibrous band connects the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk to the concavity of the aortic arch. It the remnant of the arterial duct.  Patent/Persistent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) In the Normal Embryo Arterial duct Prenatal circulation Arterial ligament Patent Ductus Arteriosis Left-to-right shunt Pulmonary hypertension Postnatal circulation Ⅱ. Arteries of Systemic Circulation 1. Aorta （主动脉）Largest trunk in the body Middle level of the manubrium sternum Upper border of the Aortic arch 2nd R. costal cartilage Lower edge of T4 Ascending aorta 3rd intercostal space near the left Thoracic aorta border of the sternum Left ventricle of the heart Aortic hiatus（T12） Descending aorta Aorta Pulmonary a. Abdominal aorta Atria Lower edge of L4 Ventricles R. & L. common iliac a. Left ventricle of the heart 3rd intercostal space L. coronary a. Ascending aorta Heart R. coronary a. Upper border Upper edge of the R. of the 2nd R. sternoclavicular joint costal cartilage R. subclavian a. Brachiocephalic trunk R. common carotid a. Aortic arch L. common carotid a. Head & neck Upper limbs Lower edge of T4 L. subclavian a. Aorta Thoracic aorta Thorax Atria Pulmonary a. Aortic hiatus（Lower edge of T12） Ventricles Abdominal aorta Abdomen Lower edge of L4 Internal iliac a. Pelvis R. & L. common iliac a. External iliac a. Lower limbs  Arterial Sense Organs (Sensory Receptors)  Pressure receptors (baroreceptors) --- Nerve ends regulating the blood pressure, located in the wall of the aortic arch or the internal cartotid artery just above the branch point (carotid sinuses).  Chemical receptors (chemoreceptors) --- Aortic glomer monitoring changes in blood composition (blood pH, CO2 & O2 levels), located beneath the aortic arch (aortic bodies) or near the branch of the common carotid arteries (carotid bodies). Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors in the Arteries Superior to the Heart. The structures shown here are repeated in the left carotid arteries. 2. Arteries of the neck & head Common carotid artery (颈总动脉) Veterbral artery (椎动脉） Neck & head Subclavian artery Thyrocervical trunk (甲状颈干) (锁骨下动脉) Costocervical trunk (肋颈干)  (1) Common carotid arteries (颈总动脉) Internal carotid a. Upper edge of the thyroid cartilage Aortic arch Left External carotid a. Common carotid a. Neck & head R. sternoclavicular Brachiocephalic trunk joint Right Int. carotid a. Ext. carotid a. Common carotid a.  Carotid sheath Internal carotid a. Brain & eyes Upper edge of Common carotid a. the thyroid cartilage 5 major branches Face & External carotid a. anterior neck Carotid sinus - pressure receptor - regulating blood pressure Carotid body - chemical receptor - monitoring O2, CO2, pH Carotid sinus Carotid body 1) External Superior thyroid a. Upper part of the thyroid gland & larynx carotid arteries Lingual a. Tongue Facial a. Skin & muscle in the anterior face External carotid a. Occipital a. Scalp in the occipital area （颈外动脉） Superficial temporal a. Temporal region Maxillary a. Infratemporal fossa, pterygopalatine fossa Spinal foramen Superficial temporal a. Mid. meningeal a. Skull & Dura mater Lateral blow Maxillary a. Intracranial hematoma Superior thyroid a. Middle mingeal a. Occipital a. Int. carotid a. Facial a. Ext. carotid a. Middle mingeal a. Lingual a. Superior thyroid a. Common carotid a. Superior thyroid artery Lingual artery Hyoid bone  Angular a. Masseter muscle Facial artery Superficial temporal artery Occipital artery Middle meningeal artery Maxillary artery  auriculotemporal nerve Middle meningeal artery Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Foramen lacerum Foramen magnum  Anterior division of middle meningeal artery Pterion Posterior division of middle meningeal artery Middle meningeal artery Epidural hematoma 2) Internal carotid arteries Carotid sheath Internal carotid a. Brain & eyes Carotid canal Foramen lacerum Foramen rotundum Carotid canal Branches of the external carotid artery Branch Supplies Superior thyroid artery Thyrohyoid muscle, internal structures of the larynx, sternocleidomastoid and cricothyroid muscles, thyroid gland Ascending pharyngeal Pharyngeal constrictors and stylopharyngeus muscle, palate, tonsil, artery pharyngotympanic tube, meninges in posterior cranial fossa Lingual artery Muscles of the tongue, palatine tonsil, soft palate, epiglottis, floor of mouth, sublingual gland Facial artery All structures in the face from the inferior border of the mandible anterior to the masseter muscle to the medial corner of the eye, the soft palate, palatine tonsil, pharyngotympanic tube, submandibular gland Occipital artery Sternocleidomastoid muscle, meninges in posterior cranial fossa, mastoid cells, deep muscles of the back, posterior scalp Posterior auricular artery Parotid gland and nearby muscles, external ear and scalp posterior to ear, middle and inner ear structures Superficial temporal artery Parotid gland and duct, masseter muscle, lateral face, anterior part of external ear, temporalis muscle, parietal and temporal fossae Maxillary artery External acoustic meatus, lateral and medial surface of tympanic membrane, temporomandibular joint, dura mater on lateral wall of skull and inner table of cranial bones, trigeminal ganglion and dura in vicinity, mylohyoid muscle, mandibular teeth, skin on chin, temporalis muscle, outer table of bones of skull in temporal fossa, structures in infratemporal fossa, maxillary sinus, upper teeth and gingivae, infra-orbital skin, palate, roof of pharynx, nasal cavity (2) Subclavian artery （锁骨下动脉） Vertebral a. Aotic arch Left Thyrocervical trunk R. sternoclavicular joint Subclavian a. Costocervical trunk Brachiocephalic trunk Right Internal thoracic a. Outer edge of the 1st rib Axillary a. Upper limb Scalene fissure Scalenus medius Scalenus anterior Vertebral a. Vertebral a. Thyrocervical trunk Scalene fissure Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk Axillary a. Internal thoracic a.  Foramina in the transverse process of C6-C1 Vertebral a. Brain & spinal cord Foramen magnum Vertebral a. Vertebral a. Thyrocervical trunk Inferior thyroid a. Thyroid gland Transverse cervical a. Suprascapula a. Scapular muscles Transverse cervical a. Inferior thyroid a. Thyrocervical trunk Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk Axillary a. Suprascapular a. Costocervical trunk Deep muscles of the neck 1st ~ 2nd intercostal muscles Costocervical trunk 3. Arteries of the upper limb Pectoralis minor (1) Axillary artery Subclavian a. Outer edge of the 1st rib 1st part Upper border of the pectoralis minor 2nd part Axillary a. Lower border of the pectoralis minor 3rd part Lower border of the teres major Brachial a.  1st part Superior thoracic a. pectoralis minor muscle Thoracoacromial a. 2nd part Axillary a. Lateral thoracic a. Subscapular a. 3rd part Anterior circumflex humeral a. ⑦ Posterior circumflex humeral a. ⑤ Superior thoracic a. ① Thoracoacromial a. ② Lateral thoracic a. ① ③ Subscapular a. ③ ① ⑦ ② ② ⑤ ③ ④ ⑥ ④ Thoracodorsal a. ⑤ ⑤ Circumflex scapular a. ④ ⑥ Anterior circumflex humeral a. ⑦ Posterior circumflex humeral a. Superior thoracic a. Medial & anterior axillary walls Superior thoracic a.  Clavipectoral fascia Thoracoacromial a. Pectoral & deltoid muscles clavicular branch acromial branch Superior thoracic a. Thoracoacromial a. pectoral branch deltoid branch  Pectoral muscles Lateral thoracic a. Serratus anterior Breast (F) Lateral thoracic a.  Thoracodorsal a. Subscapularis & the latissimus dorsi Subscapular a. Triangular space Circumflex scapular a. Dosal scapular region Circumflex scapular a. Subscapular a. Circumflex scapular a. Thoracodorsal a.  Anterior circumflex humeral a. Surgical neck of humerus Posterior circumflex humeral a. Shoulder joint & adjacent muscles Quadrangular space Posterior circumflex humeral a. Posterior circumflex humeral a. Anterior circumflex humeral a.  Clavipectoral fascia Thoracoacromial a. Pectoral & deltoid muscles Lateral thoracic a. Pectoral muscles, serratus anterior & breast Thoracodorsal a. Subscapularis & the latissimus dorsi Subscapular a. Triangular space Circumflex scapular a. Dosal scapular region Anterior circumflex humeral a. Surgical neck of humerus Posterior circumflex humeral a. Shoulder joint & adjacent muscles Quadrangular space ① Thoracoacromial a. ② Lateral thoracic a. Superior thoracic a. ① ③ Subscapular a. ④ Thoracodorsal a. ③ ① ⑦ ② ② ⑤ ③ ④ ⑥ ⑤ ⑤ Circumflex scapular a. ⑦ ④ ⑥ Anterior circumflex humeral a. ⑦ Posterior circumflex humeral a. Axillary a. (2) Brachial artery (肱动脉) Lower border of the teres major Triangular interval Brachial a. Deep brachial a. Triceps brachii Radial foramen of humerus Brachii, coracobrachialis & biceps brachii muscles Elbow joint Radial a. Brachial a. Ulnar a. Deep brachial a. Neck of radius (3) Radial & Ulnar arteries 桡动脉、尺动脉 Lateral part of the elbow joint Radial a. Flexor muscles in the radial part of the forearm Lateral part of the wrist Ulnar a. Medial part of the elbow joint & muscles that cover the ulnar The deep flexor muscle of the forearm Common interosseous a. ④ Anterior interosseous a. ④ ③ Posterior interosseous a. All the extensor muscles of the forearm ① ② ① Radial a. ② Ulnar a. ③ Common interosseous a. ④ Brachial a.  Brachial a. Common interosseous a. Radial a. Ulnar a. Interosseous membrane Anterior interosseous artery Posterior interosseous artery  Radial a. Ulnar a. (4) Palmar arches Principal thumb a. Deep palmar br. Superficial palmar br. Thumb Deep palmar arch Palmar metacarpal a. Superficial palmar arch Common palmar digital a. Palmar digital a. Proper palmar digital a. Medial side of the little finger Fingers  ① 4. Arteries of thorax ② (1) Arteries of thoracic wall ⑥ ① Subclavian artery ⑦ ③ ② Internal thoracic artery ③ Anterior intercostal artery ④ Musculophrenic artery ⑤ Superior epigastric artery ④ ⑤ ⑥ Thoracic aorta ⑦ Posterior intercostal artery ① ② ③ ③ ⑦ ⑥ ② ③ ⑤ ⑤ ④  Pericardiacophrenic a. Subclavian a. Internal thoracic a. Musculophrenic a. Superior epigastric a. Anterior thoracic wall Anterior intercostal br. Anterior abdominal wall Costocervical trunk Posterior intercostal a. (1st ~ 2nd pairs) Posterior intercostal a. (3rd ~ 11th pairs) Thoracic aorta Subcostal a. (1 pair) Posterior & lateral thoracic wall ① Superior phrenic a. ② Diaphram ③ ① Subclavian a. ④ ② Pericardiacophrenic a. ③ Internal thoracic a. ⑦ ⑧ ④ Anterior intercostal a. ③ ⑤ Musculophrenic a. ④ ⑥ Superior epigastric a. ⑥ ⑦ Thoracic aorta ⑤ ⑧ Posterior intercostal a. ⑤ Internal thoracic a. (2) Arteries of thoracic viscera Bronchial a. Bronchi & lungs Thoracic aorta Esophageal a. Esophagus Pericardial a. Posterior mediastinum & pericardium 5. Arteries of abdomen Inferior phrenic a. Superior suprarenal a. Parietal br. Lumbar a. (4 pairs) Median sacral a. Suprarenal gland Abodminal aorta Middle suprarenal a. Paired Renal a. Inferior suprarenal a. Testicular (M) / ovarian (F) a. Visceral br. Celiac trunk ① ② ⑧ Unpaired Superior mesenteric a. ④ Inferior mesenteric a. ⑤ ⑦ ⑨ ⑥ ⑨ ① Inferior phrenic a. ② Lumbar a. ③ ③ Median sacral a. ④ Middle suprarenal a. ⑤ Renal a. ⑥ Testicular a. ⑦ Ovarian a. ⑧ Celiac trunk ⑨ Superior mesenteric a. ⑩ Inferior mesenteric a. (1) Parietal branches of the abdominal aorta Inferior phrenic a. Inferior surface of the diaphragm Superior suprarenal a. Suprarenal gland Lumbar a. (4 pairs) Posterior abdominal wall Median sacral a. Sacrum & coccyx ② ① ③ ① Inferior phrenic a. ② Superior suprarenal a. ③ Lumbar a. ④ Median sacral a. ④  (2) Visceral branches of abdominal aorta Middle suprarenal a. Suprarenal gland Inferior suprarenal a. Paired Renal a. Kidney Inguinal canal Testicular a. (M) Testis & epididymis Ovarian a. (F) Ovaries & uterine tubes Celiac trunk ① Unpaired Superior mesenteric a. ⑤ ⑥ ③ ⑦ ② Inferior mesenteric a. ④ ⑧ ① Middle suprarenal a. ② Renal a. ③ Inferior suprarenal a. ④ Testicular a. (M) ⑤ Ovarian a. (F) ⑥ Celiac trunk ⑦ Superior mesenteric a. ⑧ Inferior mesentric a.  Left gastric a. Cystic a. Gallbladder curvature Esophageal br. Lower part of esophagus Lesser Right br. Liver Proper hepatic a. Left br. Right gastric a. Celiac trunk Common hepatic a. Greater curvature Right gastroepiploic a. Gastrodudenal a. Superior pancreaticoduodenal a. Pancreatic br. Pancreas Duodenum Short gastric a. Fundus of stomach Splenic a. Left gastroepiploic a. Splenic br. Spleen ⑨ ⑥ ① ① Left gastric a. ① ② Common hepatic a. ⑦ ⑪ ③ Splenic a. ② ④ ④ Proper hepatic a. ⑧ ⑤ Right gastric a. ⑤ ⑨ ⑩ ⑦ ⑥ Cystic a. ③ ⑦ Gastrodudenal a. ③ ⑧ Right gastroepiploci a. ② ⑨ Left gastroepiploic a. ⑩ Superior pancreaticoduodenal a. ⑧ ⑪ Short gastric a.  Jejunal a. & ilieal a. Jejunum & ilieum Terminal part of ilieum Ileocolic a. Cecum, appendix & lower part of ascending colon Superior mesenteric a. Right colic a. Upper part of ascending colon Middle colic a. Transverse colon ① Superior mesenteric a. Left colic a. Descending colon ② Jejunal a. ③ Ileal a. Inferior mesenteric a. Sigmoid a. Sigmoid colon ④ Ileocolic a. ⑤ Right colic a. Superior rectal a. Upper part of rectum ⑥ Middle colic a. ⑦ Inferior mesenteric a. ⑧ Left colic a. ⑤ ⑥① ⑨ Sigmoid a. ⑩ Superior rectal a. ⑤ ④ ⑧ ① ⑦ ④ ② ⑨ ⑩ ⑩ ③ 6. Arteries of pelvis ④ Abdominal aorta L4 Pelvic wall Common iliac a. ⑤ Buttocks Medial thighs Parietal br. The pelvic viscera Sacroiliac joint Internal iliac a. External genitalia Visceral br. Lower limbs External iliac a. Anterior abdominal wall ① ① Common Iliac a. ② ② Internal iliac a. ③ External iliac a. ③ ③ ② ④ Superior gluteral a. ④ ⑤ Inferior gluteal a. ⑥ Obturaotor a. ⑥ ⑤ (1) Internal iliac artery 1) Parietal branches Supra-piriform foramen Superior gluteal a. Gluteal muscles ④ Infra-piriform foramen Inferior gluteal a. Obturator canal Obturator a. Adductor muscles in the thigh ⑤ ① ① Common Iliac a. ② ② Internal iliac a. ③ External iliac a. ③ ③ ② ④ Superior gluteral a. ④ ⑤ Inferior gluteal a. ⑥ Obturaotor a. ⑥ ⑤ 2) Visceral branches of internal iliac artery Anus ① Internal pudendal a. Perineal muscles External genitalia ② Inferior rectal a. Lower part of the rectum Above the ureter ③ Uterine a. Uterus & vagina (F) Ureter ③ ④ Umbilical a. Medial umbilical ligament ⑤ Superior vesicle a. ⑥ Inferior vesicle a. Bladder Ureter ④ ⑤ ④ ⑤ ① ③ ② ⑥ ① ② (2) External iliac artery 髂外动脉 Common iliac a. Common iliac a. Internal iliac a. External iliac a. External iliac a. Anterior abdominal wall Midpoint of the inguinal ligament Femoral a. Femoral a. 7. Arteries of lower limbs External iliac Inguinal ligament (1) Femoral artery（股动脉） Femoral a. External iliac a. Midpoint of the inguinal ligament Femoral a. Femoral triangle Adduct canal Popliteal a. Popliteal a. Femoral a. Medial circumflex femoral a. Medial thigh muscles Deep femoral a. Lateral circumflex femoral a. Anterior thigh muscles Perforating a. Posterior thigh muscles Femoral a. Deep femoral a. Lateral circumflex a. Adductor hiatus (2) Popliteal artery（腘动脉） Popliteal a. Femoral a. Anterior tibial a. Posterior tibial a. Adduct canal Peroneal a. Knee joint Anterior tibial a. Popliteal a. Nearby muscles Lower border of the popliteus Popliteal a. Anterior tibial a. Posterior tibial a. Peroneal a. Posterior tibial a. Anterior tibial a.  Popliteal a. (3) Anterior tibial artery（胫前动脉） Popliteal a. Posterior tibial a. Anterior tibial a. Anterior tibial a. Extensor muscles of leg Dorsal pedal a. Dorsal pedal a. Dorsum of foot & toes (4) Posterior tibial artery（胫后动脉） Popliteal a. Popliteal a. Posterior tibial a. Peroneal a. Posterior tibial a. Flexor muscles of leg Peroneal a. Fibula & nearby muscles Medial plantar a. Lateral plantar a. Medial plantar a. Medial malleous Sole & toes Lateral plantar a.  Highlights Arteries Concept of artery & arterial ligament Subsection of Aorta Aortic arch and its branches External carotid artery and its branches Subclavian artery and its branches (vertebral and inferior thyroid a.) Aterial trunk of upper limbs：axillary artery, brachial artery, radial artery, ulnar artery Composition of superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch Arteries of thoracic wall (Internal thoracic artery and Posterior intercostal artery) The unpaired visceral branches (Celiac trunk, Superior mesenteric artery, Inferior mesenteric artery), their branches and distribution Internal iliac artery and main branches (uterine artery, obturator artery and internal pudendal artery) Aterial trunk of lower limbs：femoral a. , popliteal a., anterior tibial a., posterior tibial a. peroneal a. Questions: 1. Arteries to the thyroid, stomach 2. Arteries to the upper and lower limbs  Practice 1 Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta (thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta), coronal artery, brachiocephelic trunk, common carotid artery, subclavian artery, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, superior thyroid artery, inferior thyroid artery, posterior intercostal artery, anterior intercostal artery, axillary artery, brachial artery, deep brachial artery, ulnar artery, radial artery  Practice 2 Abdominal aorta, renal artery, celiac trunk, superior/inferior mesenteric artery, splenic artery, commom hepatic artery, left/right gastric artery, left/right gastroepiploic artery, proper hepatic artery, left/right common iliac artery, internal/external iliac artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, posterior tibial artery, anterior tibial artery, peroneal artery