2 - ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST ( PRACTICE TEST 1) MARCH 2023 APRIL PARANGAN.pdf

TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/ This handout is only val...

TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/ This handout is only valid for March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly. The hypothalamus originates from which secondary IMPORTANT LEGAL INFORMATION brain vesicles? A. Prosencephalon 8. The handouts, videos and other review materials, provided by Topnotch Medical Board B. Mesencephalon Preparation Incorporated are duly protected by RA 8293 otherwise known as the C. Diencephalon Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines, and shall only be for the sole use of the person: a) whose name appear on the handout or review material, b) person subscribed to Topnotch D. Metencephalon Medical Board Preparation Incorporated Program or c) is the recipient of this electronic Which lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for the communication. No part of the handout, video or other review material may be reproduced, coordination of the paraxial muscles associated shared, sold and distributed through any printed form, audio or video recording, electronic medium or machine-readable form, in whole or in part without the written consent of with equilibrium? Topnotch Medical Board Preparation Incorporated. Any violation and or infringement, 9. A. Archicerebellum whether intended or otherwise shall be subject to legal action and prosecution to the full extent guaranteed by law. B. Cerebrocerebellum C. Spinocerebellum DISCLOSURE D. Anterior Lobe The handouts/review materials must be treated with utmost confidentiality. It shall be the Which of the following cranial nerve has a responsibility of the person, whose name appears therein, that the handouts/review parasympathetic component? materials are not photocopied or in any way reproduced, shared or lent to any person or A. Olfactory Nerve disposed in any manner. Any handout/review material found in the possession of another 10. person whose name does not appear therein shall be prima facie evidence of violation of RA B. Oculomotor Nerve 8293. Topnotch review materials are updated every six (6) months based on the current C. Trigeminal Nerve trends and feedback. Please buy all recommended review books and other materials listed below. D. Hypoglossal Nerve THIS HANDOUT IS NOT FOR SALE! The internal thoracic artery supplies the anterior chest wall and breasts. The internal thoracic artery This handout is only valid for the March 2023 PLE batch. arises from what artery? This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch 11. A. Internal Carotid Artery since we update our handouts regularly. B. External Carotid Artery C. Subclavian Artery D. Basilar Artery ANATOMY PRACTICE TEST Carotid sheath is a local condensation of the prevertebral, pretracheal and investing layers of the By Jaikishin U. Ahuja, MD deep cervical fascia. What is in the posterior border of the carotid sheath? Microglia are a type of neuroglia located throughout 12. A. Internal Jugular Vein the brain and spinal cord. This cell originates from B. Common Carotid Artery what germ layer? C. Internal Carotid Artery 1. A. Ectoderm D. Vagus Nerve B. Mesoderm A 50 yr old male came to you due to medullary C. Endoderm thyroid carcinoma. If metastasis was expected, D. All of the above which group of cervical lymph node would be first Simple cuboidal epithelium are single layer of cells affected? that are equally tall as wide. Which among the 13. A. Level II following structures has this type of epithelium? B. Level III 2. A. Thyroid gland follicles C. Level IV B. Epidermis D. Level V C. Pericardium The recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies the D. Fallopian tubes laryngeal muscles except for one. What is the Which type of connective tissue connects the function of this muscle? basement membrane to the reticular lamina? 14. A. Tensor A. Type I B. Abductor 3. B. Type III C. Adductor C. Type V D. Relaxor D. Type VII The superior thyroid artery arises from the external The dura above the tentorium is innervated by what carotid artery while the superior thyroid vein nerve? drains into what structure? A. Cervical Nerves 15. A. Brachiocephalic Vein 4. B. Facial Nerve B. Internal jugular Vein C. Trigeminal Nerve C. External jugular vein D. Vagus Nerve D. Thyrocervical trunk What venous blood sinus is formed by the union of The sternal angle is the junction between the inferior sagittal and great cerebral vein? manubrium and body of sternum. All of the following A. Sigmoid sinus anatomic features occur at this level except: 5. B. Right transverse 16. A. 1st rib articulates with the sternum C. Straight sinus B. Aortic arch begins and ends D. Left transverse C. Trachea bifurcates into R/L bronchi A 24 yr old male was brought to the emergency room D. Inferior border of superior mediastinum due to a vehicular crash. Upon inspection, you noted The transverse process of T4 articulates with which that there is a horizontal fracture superior to the of the following parts of the ribs? maxillary alveolar process. This is called as? A. Head of the 4th rib 6. 17. A. Le Fort I B. Head of the 3rd rib B. Le Fort II C. Tubercle of the 4th rib C. Le Fort III D. Tubercle of the 3rd rib D. Le Fort IV The following muscles of the thoracic wall depress All extrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by the ribs except: the hypoglossal nerve except one. This muscle is? A. Serratus posterior inferior A. Styloglossus 18. 7. B. Internal intercostal B. Palatoglossus C. Transversus thoracis C. Hyoglossus D. Subcostal D. Genioglossus TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA Page 1 of 8 For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at [email protected] This handout is only valid for the March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.  TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/ This handout is only valid for March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly. Which lymph node receive lymph from the A 24yr old female was noted to have high blood pericardium and liver? pressure during the PE which is significantly higher A. Parasternal lymph nodes in both the upper extremities compared to the lower 19. B. Internal thoracic lymph nodes extremities. Xray was done which showed rib C. Phrenic nodes notching. Which among the following statement/s D. Intercostal nodes are not true regarding this disease? What is the normal weight of the heart in females? A. The constriction is most likely located distal to 31. A. 230-280 grams the ligamentum arteriosum 20. B. 280-340 grams B. Occurs as twice as often in female than males C. 340-390 grams C. There is anastomosis in the intercostal spaces D. 390-440 grams between the anterior intercostal and posterior Where is the auscultatory site for aortic valve? intercostal A. medial end of the 2nd left ICS D. Infantile form of this disease occurs proximal 21. B. medial end of the 2nd right ICS to the ductus arteriosus. C. behind left half of sternum The azygos system is an important component in D. lower end of sternum maintaining homeostasis and blood flow to the The coronary sinus drains directly in the right heart. Which among the following statements are atrium. Which of the following is not part of the not true regarding azygos vein? tributaries of the coronary sinus? A. It connects the SVC from IVC 32. 22. A. Anterior cardiac vein B. It is formed by the union of Right Ascending B. Great cardiac vein Lumbar and Right Subcostal Veins C. Small cardiac vein C. It arches over the root of the Right lung and D. Middle cardiac vein empties into the SVC A coronary angiogram was done to a 25yr old male D. All of the above are correct patient where bleeding was noted from the vein that What is the pathophysiology in the appearance of is accompanied by the right marginal artery. Which Peau D’ Orange skin? of the following veins is most likely damaged? A. Pulling of lactiferous ducts 23. 33. A. Great cardiac vein B. Interference with the lymphatic drainage B. Middle cardiac vein C. Shortening of Cooper’s Ligament C. Small cardiac vein D. Infection in the retromammary space D. Oblique vein Most cancers of the breast occurs at what quadrant? Which among the four chambers of the heart is A. Upper medial quadrant located most posteriorly? 34. B. Lower medial quadrant A. Right atrium C. Upper lateral quadrant 24. D. Lower lateral quadrant B. Left atrium C. Left ventricle A 45yr old female came in due to a breast mass. D. Right ventricle Upon further examination, it was noted that the What is the adult derivative of the left umbilical vein? mass is invasive with a diameter of 3cm with 2 A. Ligamentum teres axillary lymph nodes involved. What is the clinical 25. B. Ligamentum venosum 35. stage of breast cancer of this patient? C. Ligamentum arteriosum A. Stage 0 D. Median umbilical ligament B. Stage I What is the inferior limit of the visceral pleura in the C. Stage II midclavicular line? D. Stage III A. 6th rib The sensory information of the peripheral 26. diaphragm is provided by what nerve? B. 8th rib C. 10th rib A. Phrenic nerve 36. D. 12th rib B. Vagus Nerve Which structure in the alveoli equalizes air pressure C. Subcostal Nerve and permits collateral circulation? D. Intercostal Nerve A. Interalveolar septa The following structures are transmitted by the 27. esophageal hiatus at the level of T10 except? B. Alveolar pores of Kohn C. Blood- air barrier A. Right phrenic nerve 37. D. Sibson facia B. Esophagus What do you call the cells present in the lungs that C. Vagus nerve secrete antimicrobial peptides and cytokines and D. Sympathetic nerve branches detoxify inhaled xenobiotic compounds. The iliac tubercle is normally at what vertebra 28. A. Dust cells level? B. Type I pneumocyte A. L3 38. C. Type II pneumocyte B. L4 D. Club cells C. L5 There are three different types of capillaries. Which D. S1 among the three is the most common type and has Which among the following is not a content of the tight occluding junctions? rectus sheath? 29. A. Continuous A. Rectus abdominis 39. B. Fenestrated B. Superior epigastric artery C. Discontinuous C. Pyramidalis D. Sinusoids D. None of the above The subclavian artery is divided into 3 parts by the The superficial epigastric artery arises from what scalenus anterior. What arises from the 2nd part of artery? the subclavian artery? A. Internal thoracic artery 40. 30. A. Vertebral B. External iliac artery B. Thyrocervical C. Internal Iliac artery C. Costocervical D. Femoral artery D. No branches TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA Page 2 of 8 For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at [email protected] This handout is only valid for the March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.  TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/ This handout is only valid for March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly. The internal spermatic fascia is derived from what While operating on a patient, the head surgeon asks layer of the abdominal wall? you to identify the jejunum. What anatomic features A. Internal oblique would you used to distinguish jejunum from ileum? 41. B. External oblique 52. A. Smaller and widely separated plica C. Transversus abdominis B. Thin and light wall D. Transversalis fascia C. Longer vasa recta branches Which among the following is not considered a D. More fat retroperitoneal organ? The cell that is located in the base of the intestinal A. Inferior rectum crypts and is responsible for the secretion of 42. B. Adrenal glands lysozyme, phospholipase A2 and defensins is called? C. Pancreas 53. A. Goblet cells D. Inferior vena cava B. Paneth cells The Foramen of Winslow is an opening from the C. Entero-endocrine cells greater sac into the lesser sac. What is the posterior D. Microfold cells border of the Foramen of Winslow? All of the following organs are located at the 43. A. Caudate lobe of liver posterior of the pancreas except? B. Superior part of duodenum A. Bile duct 54. C. Inferior Vena Cava B. Inferior Vena Cava D. Hepatoduodenal ligament C. Spleen At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta D. Transverse mesocolon enter the abdomen? A 40yr old female was brought to the emergency A. A. T11 room due to abdominal pain and ascites. Imaging was 44. B. B. T12 done which revealed obstruction of the Inferior Vena C. C. L1 Cava. Which of the following condition is most likely? 55. D. D. L3 A. Cancer of the head of pancreas The short gastric artery which supplies the fundus B. Cancer of the neck of pancreas arises from what artery? C. Hepatic cirrhosis A. Left gastroepiploic artery D. Aneurysm of the splenic artery 45. B. Right gastric artery The right posterior segment of the liver is classified C. Splenic artery numerically as what segment? D. Common hepatic artery A. Segment V and VIII 56. A 35yr old male came in due to chronic abdominal B. Segment VI and VII pain. Angiogram was done which showed C. Segment I and II obstruction in the artery that supplies the jejunum. D. Segment V and VI Where does this artery arise from? Which zone of the liver is most susceptible to 46. A. Superior Mesenteric Artery ischemic injury? B. Inferior Mesenteric Artery A. Zone I 57. C. Celiac Artery B. Zone 2 D. Common Iliac Artery C. Zone 3 A 27 yr old male was brought to the emergency room D. None, they have equal O2 distribution due to hematemesis. Endoscopy revealed carcinoma Which among the following organs has no submucosa? of the Lower third of esophagus. This would most A. Fallopian tubes likely metastasize to what lymph node? 58. B. Gallbladder 47. A. Deep Cervical C. Esophagus B. Mediastinal D. Ileum C. Celiac What is the normal capacity of the gallbladder? D. Phrenic A. 15mL Which among the following statements are true 59. B. 30mL regarding the esophagus? C. 60mL A. It is continuous above with the laryngeal part D. 100mL of the pharynx opposite the 6th cervical When doing an appendectomy, the appendicular vertebra artery is usually ligated. Where does this artery 48. B. It is a straight muscular tube around 25inches originate from? long 60. A. Ileocolic Artery C. The middle third is supplied by the inferior B. Gastroduodenal artery thyroid artery. C. Middle Colic Artery D. All of the above are correct D. Right colic artery The parasympathetic supply of the anterior vagal Which part of the large intestine is most likely the trunk of the stomach comes from? site for perforation since it is the widest? A. Nerves from T6-T9 segments of the spinal cord A. Cecum 49. 61. B. Gastric nerve B. Ascending colon C. Right vagus nerve C. Descending colon D. Left vagus nerve D. Sigmoid colon The superior pancreaticoduodenal vein drains into Which lymph node does the lymph from inferior what structure? rectum drain into? A. Splenic vein A. Inferior mesenteric 50. 62. B. Portal vein B. External iliac C. Superior mesenteric vein C. Internal Iliac D. Inferior mesenteric vein D. Superior mesenteric Which part of the duodenum descends along the Which among the following statements is/are not right sides of L1 through L3 and it is where the bile true regarding the anal canal? duct and main pancreatic duct unite to form the A. It is in the perineum 63. ampulla that opens on major duodenal papillae? B. It is about 4cm long 51. A. 1st part C. It ends at the level of puborectalis B. 2nd part D. It is normally collapsed except during defecation C. 3rd part D. 4th part TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA Page 3 of 8 For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at [email protected] This handout is only valid for the March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.  TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/ This handout is only valid for March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly. The spleen is supplied by a branch of the celiac Which of the following muscles is not part of the artery. This organ is derived from what germ layer? Levator Ani? A. Mesoderm A. Puborectalis 64. 76. B. Foregut endoderm B. Pubococcygeus C. Midgut endoderm C. Coccygeus D. Ectoderm D. Iliococcygeus What ligament carries the short gastric and left What is the epithelial lining of the penile urethra? gastroepiploic vessels? A. Simple cuboidal A. Splenorenal 77. B. Pseudostratified columnar 65. B. Hepatogastric C. Simple squamous C. Gastrosplenic D. Stratified squamous D. Gastrorenal While doing a pap smear, your resident asked you What is the origin of the nerve that supplies the what is the homologous structure of labia minora in medial thigh muscles and skin on the medial aspect males, your answer would be? of the thigh? 78. A. Ventral shaft of penis 66. A. L1 B. Scrotum B. L1 and L2 C. Prostate gland C. L1, L2 and L3 D. Glans penis D. L2, L3 and L4 Which among the following is not included in the What is the functional unit of the kidney? deep perineal space? A. Glomerulus A. Dorsal nerve of Penis 79. 67. B. Nephron B. Root of penis C. Proximal convoluted Tubules C. Bulbourethral gland D. Mesangial Cells D. Internal pudendal vessel All of the following organs are located anteriorly in When doing a pudendal nerve block using the relation to the left kidney except? transvaginal approach, what structure is palpated A. Adrenal gland before inserting the needle? 68. B. Spleen 80. A. Ischial tuberosity C. Jejunum B. Ischial spine D. Psoas muscle C. Iliac crest Which among the following statement/s regarding D. Sacral promontory the renal blood vessels is correct. What do you call the cell that secretes Mullerian A. A. Left renal vein is longer than right renal vein inhibiting hormone which inhibits the development B. B. Left renal artery is longer than right renal of the paramesonephric ducts. 69. artery 81. A. Leydig cells C. C. The lymph drains into the Preaortic lymph B. Interstitial cells nodes C. Sertoli cells D. D. All of the above are correct D. Chromaffin cells Which among the zones of the adrenal gland is The fetal, retroperitoneal mesenchymal cord that responsible for the secretion of glucocorticoids? extends between the caudal pole of the fetal testis A. Adrenal medulla and scrotum is called? 70. B. Zona glomerulosa 82. A. Gubernaculum testis C. Zona fasciculata B. Tunica vaginalis D. Zona reticularis C. Processus vaginalis What artery gives rise to the middle suprarenal artery? D. Intratesticular ducts A. Inferior phrenic What zone of the prostate gland is the common site 71. B. Abdominal Aorta for carcinomas? C. Renal artery A. Central 83. D. Superior mesenteric Artery B. Transition In relation to the ureter, the internal iliac vessels are C. Peripheral located: D. None of the above A. Posteriorly Which ligament extends between the attachment of 72. B. Anteriorly mesovarium, and lateral wall of the pelvis and it C. Superiorly contains the ovarian vessels? D. Inferiorly 84. A. Round ligament Which part of the urethra is the longest and most mobile? B. Broad ligament A. Prostatic urethra C. Uterosacral ligament 73. B. Intermediate urethra D. Suspensory ligament C. Membranous urethra What is the narrowest portion of the fallopian tube? D. Spongy urethra A. Infundibulum What is the type of pelvis where the wide pelvis is 85. B. Ampulla flattened at the brim with promontory of the sacrum C. Isthmus pushed forward? D. Intramural 74. A. Gynecoid Which among the following is not true regarding the B. Platypelloid anatomic position/stance? C. Android A. Standing upright D. Anthropoid 86. B. Head, eyes and toes directed anteriorly The lesser sciatic foramen provides an entrance into C. Arms adjacent to the sides with palms facing the perineum from the gluteal region. Which among posteriorly the following structures does not pass in this D. All of the above are true foramen? What is the classification of the sternum as to location? 75. A. Pudendal Nerve A. Axial B. Nerve to obturator internus 87. B. Appendicular C. Internal pudendal vessels C. Flat bones D. Nerve to quadratus femoris D. None of the above TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA Page 4 of 8 For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at [email protected] This handout is only valid for the March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.  TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/ This handout is only valid for March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly. What do you call the transverse vascular channels What spinal root mediates the Brachioradialis that connect Haversian canals with each other. tendon reflex? A. Cement line A. C5 88. 100. B. Volkmanns’ canal B. C6 C. Canaliculi C. C7 D. All of the above D. L4 The carpometacarpal of the thumb is considered as what type of joint? 89. A. Ball and socket DISCUSSION B. Hinge 1. B. MESODERM C. Ellipsoidal Most of the glial cells arise from the ectoderm but there is an D. Saddle exception which is microglia that arises from the mesoderm. Teres minor is part of the rotator cuff muscles and works as a lateral rotator. What nerve innervates 2. A. THYROID GLAND FOLLICLES this muscle? Choice B is stratified squamous. Choice C is simple squamous. 90. A. Suprascapular Choice D is simple columnar epithelium. B. Axillary C. Subscapular 3. D. TYPE VII D. Spinal accessory Type I is seen in the bones, tendon, and skin. Type III is seen in What is the main flexor of the forearm? reticulin fibers. Type V is seen in fetal tissue and placenta while A. Brachialis Type VII connects the basement membrane to the reticular 91. B. Biceps Brachii lamina C. Coracobrachialis D. Triceps Brachii 4. C. TRIGEMINAL NERVE What is the point of origin of the pronator teres muscle? A. Olecranon process The dura above the tentorium is innervated by the Trigeminal nerve 92. B. Lateral epicondyle of Humerus and headache is referred to the back of the head and neck. While the C. Medial epicondyle of Humerus dura below the tentorium is innervated by the cervical nerves and D. Clavicle the headache is referred to the back of the head and neck A 30 yr old male came into the emergency room after a fall from the stairs. You noted that the arm of 5. C. STRAIGHT SINUS the patient is adducted, extended, and medially The straight sinus is located at the junction of falx cerebri with rotated. There is also reduced sensation on the tentorium cerebelli. This is formed by the union of Inferior lateral arm, forearm and thumb. What is your Sagittal and Great Cerebral Vein of Galen 93. primary impression? A. Klumpke Paralysis 6. A. LE FORT I B. Erb-Duchenne Syndrome Le Fort fractures are maxillofacial fractures. Le Fort I is a C. Long thoracic nerve lesion horizontal fracture superior to the maxillary alveolar process. Le D. Cerebrovascular accident Fort II is a pyramidal fracture where the central part of the face A 15yr old female fall on the outstretched hand which is separated from the cranium. Le Fort III is a horizontal fracture resulted on a distal radial fracture and the garment that passes through the superior orbital fissures, ethmoid and was dorsally placed. What do you call this fracture? nasal extending to the greater wing of sphenoid. 94. A. Smith fracture B. Monteggia Fracture 7. B. PALATOGLOSSUS C. Bennett fracture Palatoglossus is the only muscle of the tongue that is innervated D. Colle Deformity by the Vagus nerve. Its function is to elevate the tongue. What is the dermatome level of the thumb? A. C6 8. C. DIENCEPHALON 95. B. C7 The hypothalamus originates from the primary brain vesicle C. C8 Prosencephalon and Secondary brain vesicle Diencephalon. D. T10 Mesencephalon is the origin of the Midbrain while Rectus femoris muscle is part of the anterior thigh metencephalon is the origin of the Cerebellum and Pons muscles and its action is it flexes the thigh at hip joint and extends leg at knee joint. What is the point 9. A. ARCHICEREBELLUM of origin of this muscle? 96. Flocculondular lobe also known as archicerebellum or A. Shaft of femur vestibulocerebellum is responsible for the coordination of the B. Anterior superior iliac spine paraxial muscles associated with equilibrium. Choice B aka C. Anterior inferior iliac spine Posterior Lobe is for the coordination of voluntary movements. D. Lesser trochanter of femur Choice C and Choice D are the same and they maintain coordination What nerve innervates the posterior thigh muscles? of limb movements while the movements are being executed. A. Obturator nerve 97. B. Sciatic nerve 10. B. OCULOMOTOR NERVE C. Femoral nerve There are four cranial nerves that have a parasympathetic D. Common peroneal nerve component. These are Oculomotor (CNIII), Facial Nerve (CNVII), The femoral sheath is a funnel shaped fascial tube Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX) and Vagus Nerve (CNX) formed by the inferior prolongation of iliopsoas and transversalis fascia of the abdomen. What is the 11. C. SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY most lateral structure within the femoral sheath? 98. The internal thoracic artery also known as the internal A. Femoral vein B. Femoral canal mammary artery arises from the 1st branch of the subclavian C. Femoral nerve artery. D. Femoral artery Which of the following muscles everts and 12. D. VAGUS NERVE plantarflexes the foot at the ankle joint? The Internal jugular vein is located laterally while the common A. Peroneus Longus and internal carotid are both located medially. The vagus nerve 99. is located posteriorly. B. Tibialis Anterior C. Peroneus Tertius D. Extensor Digitorum Longus TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA Page 5 of 8 For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at [email protected] This handout is only valid for the March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.  TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/ This handout is only valid for March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly. 13. D. LEVEL V 28. D. CLUB CELLS Tumors of the oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx metastasize Choice A is the name of the macrophage in the lungs. Choice B is to lymph nodes Level II-IV. Tumors of the nasopharynx and the one that makes up the alveolar portion of the blood-air thyroid metastasize first at cervical lymph node level V barrier. Choice C is responsible for secreting surfactants. 14. A. TENSOR 29. A. CONTINUOUS The recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies all the laryngeal muscles The most common type is the continuous type of capillaries. except for the cricothyroid which is supplied by the External They are located in the muscle, lungs, connective tissue and Laryngeal Nerve. The cricothyroid muscle acts as the chief tensor nervous tissue. of the vocal cords. Choice B is for the posterior cricoarytenoid. Choice C is for Lateral cricoarytenoid Choice D is for 30. C. COSTOCERVICAL thyroarytenoid. Choice A and B along with internal thoracic artery are branches of the 1st part. Costocervical is the branch of the 2nd part while 15. B. INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN the 3rd part has no branches The superior thyroid vein and the middle thyroid vein drains into the Internal Jugular Vein. The inferior thyroid vein drains 31. B. OCCURS AS TWICE AS OFTEN IN FEMALE THAN MALES into the brachiocephalic vein. The inferior thyroid artery arises This is a case of coarctation of the aorta. It occurs as twice as from the thyrocervical trunk from the subclavian artery. often in males than female. 16. A. 1ST RIB ARTICULATES WITH THE STERNUM 32. D. ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE CORRECT The sternal angle is where the 2nd ribs articulate with the All of the statements in the choices are correct. In addition to sternum. It is also at the level of intervertebral disc T4-T5 this, the azygos vein ascends through the aortic opening in the diaphragm on the right side of the Aorta to the level of the 5 th 17. C. TUBERCLE OF THE 4TH RIB thoracic vertebra. The transverse process of T4 articulates with the tubercle of the 4th rib. While the body of T4 articulates with both the head of the 33. B. INTERFERENCE WITH THE LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE 3rd and 4th rib Choice A causes retraction of the nipples while Choice C causes skin dimpling 18. D. SUBCOSTAL The subcostal muscle along with the innermost intercostal and 34. C. UPPER LATERAL QUADRANT external intercostal muscle works by elevating the ribs. Most breast adenocarcinomas are lactiferous duct carcinomas that begin as painless masses commonly in the upper lateral 19. C. PHRENIC NODES quadrant. The phrenic nodes receive lymph from the pericardium, diaphragm, and the liver. Choice A and B are the same and they 35. C. STAGE II receive lymph from medial portion of the breast, intercostal Since the number of lymph nodes involved are less than 3, this is space, diaphragm and umbilical region of the abdomen. Choice D considered as stage 2. Involvement of more than 4 lymph nodes receive lymph from the intercostal space and pleura. is needed for stage 3. 20. A. 230-280 GRAMS 36. D. INTERCOSTAL NERVE For females, the normal weight of the heart is 230-280 grams The sensory of the central part and the motor function of the while for males it is 280- 340grams. diaphragm is provided by phrenic nerve. The sensory of the peripheral part is provided by the intercostal nerve. 21. B. MEDIAL END OF THE 2ND RIGHT ICS Choice A is the auscultatory site for the pulmonary valve. Choice 37. A. RIGHT PHRENIC NERVE C is the anatomic landmark for aortic valve. Choice D is the The right phrenic nerve passes thru the caval hiatus at the level auscultatory site of tricuspid valve. of T8 22. A. ANTERIOR CARDIAC VEIN 38. C. L5 The anterior cardiac vein drains directly into the right atrium. The iliac tubercle is at the level of L5 while the umbilicus is at the Choice B -D including oblique vein are all tributaries of the level of L3 coronary sinus 39. D. NONE OF THE ABOVE 23. C. SMALL CARDIAC VEIN All of the choices including inferior epigastric vessels and lower The right marginal artery is accompanied by the small cardiac 5 intercostal and subcostal vessels and nerves are part of the vein. The great cardiac vein is accompanied by the anterior rectus sheath. interventricular artery while the middle cardiac vein is accompanied by the posterior interventricular artery. 40. D. FEMORAL ARTERY Superior epigastric artery – from Internal thoracic artery 24. B. LEFT ATRIUM Inferior epigastric and Deep circumflex iliac – from external iliac The left atrium is located most posteriorly. artery Superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac – from 25. A. LIGAMENTUM TERES femoral artery Choice B arises from the ductus venosus. Choice C arises from the ductus arteriosus. Choice D arises from the urachus. 41. D. TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA The internal oblique gives rise to cremaster muscle. The external 26. A. 6TH RIB oblique gives rise to external spermatic fascia. The transversus The visceral pleura or the lower margins of the lungs are at 6 th abdominis does not give rise to any structure. rib MCL, 8th rib MAL and 10th rib at the sides of vertebral column. 42. A. INFERIOR RECTUM 27. B. ALVEOLAR PORES OF KOHN Remember the acronym SAD PUCKER. The inferior rectum is Choice A is a very highly vascularized structure with a capillary considered as extraperitoneal network that contains macrophages and other leukocytes. Choice C is created by type I pneumocytes. Choice D is a dense 43. C. INFERIOR VENA CAVA fascial layer overlying the apices of the lungs above the superior Choice A is the superior border. Choice B is the inferior border. thoracic inlet on each side. Choice D is the anterior border TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA Page 6 of 8 For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at [email protected] This handout is only valid for the March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.  TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/ This handout is only valid for March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly. 44. B. T12 62. C. INTERNAL ILIAC At the level of T12, the abdominal aorta enters the abdomen, and The middle and inferior rectum drain its lymph into the internal it gives rise to Celiac Artery. At L1, it gives rise to superior iliac lymph node while the superior rectum drain its lymph into mesenteric artery while at L3 it gives rise to Inferior Mesenteric inferior mesenteric lymph node artery 63. C. IT ENDS AT THE LEVEL OF PUBORECTALIS 45. C. SPLENIC ARTERY It usually begins at the level of puborectalis up to the anus. The splenic artery gives rise to the pancreatic artery, short gastric artery and the left gastroepiploic artery. 64. A. MESODERM Although the celiac artery supplies all the organs from the 46. A. SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY foregut endoderm, there is one exception which is the spleen The jejunum is derived from midgut which is supplied by the that is mesodermal in origin superior mesenteric artery. 65. C. GASTROSPLENIC 47. C. CELIAC Gastrosplenic is located between the hilum and greater The lower third of the esophagus drains into the celiac node. The curvature of stomach. It carries the short gastric and left middle third into the mediastinal lymph node. The upper third gastroepiploic vessels. drains into the deep cervical lymph node. 66. D. L2, L3 AND L4 48. A. IT IS CONTINUOUS ABOVE WITH THE LARYNGEAL PART The nerve described in the question is the Obturator Nerve OF THE PHARYNX OPPOSITE THE 6TH CERVICAL VERTEBRA which arises from L2, L3 and L4 Choice B is wrong because it should have been 25 cm or 10 inches. Choice C is wrong because the middle third is supplied by 67. B. NEPHRON the descending thoracic aorta Nephron is the functional into of the kidney 49. D. LEFT VAGUS NERVE 68. D. PSOAS MUSCLE Choice A is the sympathetic supply of the stomach. The The psoas muscle is posteriorly located in relation to both left parasympathetic supply of the anterior part is Left vagus nerve and right kidney. while the posterior part is right vagus nerve. Think of LARP 69. A. LEFT RENAL VEIN IS LONGER THAN RIGHT RENAL VEIN 50. B. PORTAL VEIN Left renal vein is longer and passes in between SMA and The superior pancreaticoduodenal vein drains directly into the Abdominal Aorta. Right renal artery is longer and passes posterior portal vein while the inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein joins the to the IVC. The lymph drains into Lateral Aortic lymph nodes superior mesenteric vein. 70. C. ZONA FASCICULATA 51. B. 2ND PART Zona glomerulosa is where mineralocorticoids are secreted. Choice A lies anterolateral to the body of L1. Choice C crosses L3. Zona fasciculata is the middle and thickest zone and this is where glucocorticoids are produced. Zona reticularis is where weak 52. C. LONGER VASA RECTA BRANCHES androgens are produced. Choice A, B and D describes ileum not jejunum. 71. B. ABDOMINAL AORTA 53. B. PANETH CELLS Superior suprarenal artery arises from inferior phrenic. Middle Choice A secretes glycoprotein mucins. Choice C secretes peptide suprarenal arises from abdominal aorta while inferior hormones. Choice D transports particles and microorganisms. suprarenal arises from renal artery. 54. D. TRANSVERSE MESOCOLON 72. A. POSTERIORLY The transverse mesocolon is located anterior the pancreas. The ureter is located anterior to the internal iliac vessels. 55. B. CANCER OF THE NECK OF PANCREAS 73. D. SPONGY URETHRA The obstruction of the IVC or the portal vein can be caused by Choice A is the widest and most dilatable part where ejaculatory ducts cancer of neck and body of pancreas. Obstructive jaundice is open into. Choice B and C is the narrowest and least distensible. noted in the cancer of the head of pancreas 74. B. PLATYPELLOID 56. B. SEGMENT VI AND VII It is seen in around 2% of the population Choice A are the anterior part of the right liver. Choice D is the inferior part of the right liver. 75. D. NERVE TO QUADRATUS FEMORIS All the choices pass the greater sciatic foramen however only 57. C. ZONE 3 choices A to C passes the lesser sciatic foramen Zone I receives the most O2 since it is closest to the portal tract while zone 3 is the farthest and receives the least oxygen. 76. C. COCCYGEUS Coccygeus muscle is part of the pelvic diaphragm, but this 58. B. GALLBLADDER muscle is not included in the Levator Ani. Board recall question. Gallbladder has no submucosa layer. 77. B. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR 59. B. 30ML The penile urethra is mostly lined with pseudostratified The capacity of the gallbladder is 30-50mL. columnar epithelium but it becomes stratified squamous in the glans penis. 60. A. ILEOCOLIC ARTERY The appendicular artery arises from the ileocolic artery which 78. A. VENTRAL SHAFT OF PENIS arises from the Superior Mesenteric Artery The homologous of scrotum in female is Labia Majora. For Prostate gland, it is skene glands. For glans penis it is glans 61. A. CECUM clitoris. The cecum is the widest and the most likely site for perforation while the sigmoid colon is the narrowest and the most likely site for obstruction. 79. B. ROOT OF PENIS The root of penis is located at the superficial perineal space TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA Page 7 of 8 For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at [email protected] This handout is only valid for the March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.  TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/ This handout is only valid for March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly. 80. B. ISCHIAL SPINE 96. C. ANTERIOR INFERIOR ILIAC SPINE When doing the transvaginal approach, the index finger is Choice A is the origin of the quadriceps femoris muscle except inserted through the vagina to palpate the ischial spine after rectus femoris. Choice B is the origin of Sartorius and Tensor which the needle is inserted. Fascia Lata. Choice D is the common insertion of Iliacus and Psoas muscle. 81. C. SERTOLI CELLS Choice A and B are the same and they secrete testosterone and 97. B. SCIATIC NERVE androstenedione which induces masculine differentiation of the Choice A innervates the medial thigh muscles. Choice C mesonephric ducts and external genitalia innervates that anterior thigh muscles. 82. A. GUBERNACULUM TESTIS 98. D. FEMORAL ARTERY The gubernaculum testis is the one that guides the testis in its If the questions ask for the most lateral structure within the descent femoral triangle then it it’s the femoral nerve 83. C. PERIPHERAL 99. A. PERONEUS LONGUS Peripheral zone is the largest, can be easily felt during DRE and Remember PEPTIDe. Peroneus is for eversion and the common site of carcinomas. Transition zone is the site for plantarflexion. Tibialis anterior is for inversion and dorsiflexion. BPH. Exception for this rule is peroneus tertius which dorsiflexes the foot at ankle joint 84. D. SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT The suspensory ligament contains the ovarian vessels 100. B. C6 Choice A is Biceps brachii tendon reflex 85. C. ISTHMUS Choice C is Triceps brachii tendon reflex The isthmus is the narrowest portion of the tube and lies just Choice D is Patellar tendon reflex lateral to the uterus. The ampulla is the widest part and the longest part. END OF ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST 86. C. ARMS ADJACENT TO THE SIDES WITH PALMS FACING (PRACTICE TEST 1) POSTERIORLY Choice C is wrong because it should have been facing anteriorly. In addition, the lower limbs are close together with the feet parallel. 87. A. AXIAL As to location, sternum is an axial bone while as to shape, it is a flat bone 88. B. VOLKMANNS’ CANAL Volkmanns canal or otherwise known as perforating canals. 89. D. SADDLE Example of ball and socket are shoulder and hip joint. Hinge joint = elbow, knee and ankle. Ellipsoidal = wrist joint. 90. B. AXILLARY The axillary nerve supplies both the teres minor and the deltoid muscle. Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscle are both supplied by the suprascapular nerve. 91. A. BRACHIALIS Choice B is the main supinator of forearm. Choice D is the main extensor of forearm 92. C. MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS Pronator teres is a flexor thus its origin is in the medial epicondyle of humerus. The lateral epicondyle is the common origin of extensor tendon. 93. B. ERB-DUCHENNE SYNDROME This results from lesion of the C5 and C6 ventral rami in the superior trunk of the plexus. It usually occurs after a fall on the shoulder or during a difficult delivery. 94. D. COLLE DEFORMITY Choice A is when the distal radial fracture fragment is ventrally placed. Choice B is the fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the radius. Choice C is a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone. 95. A. C6 C7 is the dermatome level of the middle finger. C8 is the dermatome level of the small finger. T10 is the dermatome level of the umbilicus TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY PRE-TEST (PRACTICE TEST 1) HANDOUT BY DR. AHUJA Page 8 of 8 For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at [email protected] This handout is only valid for the March 2023 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.