(9) Vessels of The Head and Neck (2).pdf

Head and Neck Great Vessels of the Head and Neck Dr. Mohamed El Fiky Professor of anatomy and Embryology  Common Carotid Artery Right Internal Left Internal Left Internal Right Internal Carotid External...

Head and Neck Great Vessels of the Head and Neck Dr. Mohamed El Fiky Professor of anatomy and Embryology  Common Carotid Artery Right Internal Left Internal Left Internal Right Internal Carotid External Carotid Carotid External Carotid Artery Carotid Arteries Artery Artery Carotid Arteries Artery Thyroid Cartilage Right Common Carotid Thyroid Right Left Common Common Carotid Carotid Right subclavian Artery Left Brachiocephalic Left Common Brachiocephalic Artery Carotid subclavian Artery Artery Mohamed el fiky  Common Carotid Artery Origin : The right is the terminal branch of the brachiocephalic, behind the sternoclavicular joint. The left arises in the thorax from the arch of the aorta. Course in the neck: Runs upwards and backwards within the carotid sheath Ends at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage (opposite the disc between 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae) by dividing into internal and external carotid arteries. skullthrowPetrousbonefromcarotid enterthe adf.fiIacerum Internal carotid arterytf _fddhdeI d Origin : one of the two terminal branches of the common carotid artery Beginning : at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage. Course : is divided into four parts: 1. Cervical part : in the neck. 2. Petrous part : within the petrous temporal bone d 3. Cavernous part : within the cavernous sinus. 4. Cerebral part: the terminal portion at the base of the brain after emerging from the cavernous sinus. s____e__ s _n Mohamed el fiky  Carotid sinus In human anatomy, the carotid sinus (or carotid bulb) is a dilated area at the base of the internal carotid just superior to the bifurcation of the common carotid at the level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage. The carotid sinus is sensitive to pressure changes in the arterial blood at this level. It is the major baroreception site in humans and most mammals. The carotid sinus contains numerous baroreceptors which function as EEf a "sampling area" for many homeostatic mechanisms for maintaining dÑÉ ÉÉfI blood pressure. The carotid sinus baroreceptors are innervated by the sinus nerve of Hering, which is a branch of cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) Carotid body The carotid body is a small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the fork (bifurcation) of the carotid artery. Glossopharyngeal Nerve The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial Vagus Nerve pressure of oxygen, but also of carbon Communicating Branch (Carotid) dioxide. Furthermore, it is also sensitive to of Vagus to Carotid Sinus and Body changes in pH and temperature. Carotid Body Carotid Branch of (Chemoreceptors) Glossopharyngeal Nerve Carotid Sinus Sympathetic Trunk Mohamed el fiky (Baroreceptors)  Internal Carotid Artery A) Cervical part of the interal carotid  Branches : no branches to B) Intrapetrous part of internal carotid Branches : 1. Caroticotympanic branch : enters the middle ear by piercing the thin plate of bone separating the carotid canal from the middle 2. Pterygoid branch : enters the pterygoid canal C) Cavernous part of internal carotid Branches : Cavernous branches to the trigeminal ganglion. Superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries to the pituitary gland. Mohamed el fiky S- Shaped Course of Internal Carotid Artery (D) Cerebral part of internal carotid Anterior cerebral artery Branches : 1. Ophthalmic artery to theeye Internal carotid artery\ 2. Anterior cerebral artery tothebrain 3. Middle cerbral artery 4. Posterior communicating 5. Anterior choroidal Structures between external and internal carotid : 1-deep part of parotid gland 2- styloid process 3- styloglossus muscle 4- stylopharyngeus muscle 5- glossopharyngeal nerve Middle 6- pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve cerebral artery Mohamed el fiky  External Carotid Artery f 44ntnfo nfn fttf mout.de Maxillary Artery Superficial Temporal Artery Styloglossus Stylopharyngeus Posterior Auricular Artery Styloid Process Glossopharyngeal Nerve Pharyngeal Branch of Vagus Nerve Posterior belly of digasteric Occipital Artery Facial Artery Ascending Pharyngeal Artery Lingual Artery superior Thyroid Artery Mohamed el fiky  Branches of External Carotid Artery 1. Superior thyroid: B. Two posterior : III It gives eight branches which may be grouped as given below : A. Three anterior C. One medial : ascending pharyngeal 1. Occipital ; and 2. Lingual: and 2. Posterior auricular 3. Facial D. Two terminal : 1. Maxillary: 2. Superficial temporal Lingual artery Origin : Arises opposite the tip of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. Course: Is divided into three parts by the hyoglossus muscle. A. First part : Lies in the carotid triangle. Forms characteristic loop or bend which is crossed by the hypologossal nerve. B. Second part : Lies deep to the hyogossus. C. Third part : Is called arteria profunda linguae or deep lingual artery. Runs upwards along the anterior border of the hyoglossus and then forwards on the under surface of the tongue. Branches : 1. Suprahyoid artery : arises from the first part passes along the upper border of the hyoid bone. 2. Dorsal lingual arteries : aries from the second part and consist of 3 or 4 branches to supply the tongue, tonsil and soft palate. 3. Sublingual artery : arises from the third part to the sublingual gland. Mohamed el fiky  B- Branches in the face 5- Angular 3- Lateral nasal 4-Artery to cheeks 2- Superior labial 2- Ascending palatine 1- Inferior labial A- Cervical branches 1- Tonsilar 3- Glandular 4- Summental Facial Artery Mohamed el fiky  The subclavian artery Origin : 1. On the right side : it takes origin behind the sternoclavicular joint as a terminal branch of the brachiocephalic artery. 2. On the left side : arises in the thorax from the arch of the aorta and ascends to enter the neck behind the sternoclavicualr joint. Parts : the scalenus anterior corsses anterior to the artery and divides it into three parts. The first part : medial to the scalenus anterior The second part : lies behind the scalenus anterior The third part : lateral to the scalenus anterior tfter Branches of the subclavian artery (A) First part: gives 3 branches 1. Vertebral. scapular supra 2- Vertebral Artery Deep Cervical Ascending Cervical 2. Thyrocervical trunk. Inferior Thyroid Artery transversecervical 3. Internal thoracic artery. Costocervical Trunk (B) Second part : give one branch ; Superior Intercostal 1- Thyrocervical Trunk costocervical trunk. 1st Part ( C) Third part : no branches. Suprascapular 3- Internal Mammary 3rd Vertebral artery Transverse Cervical Part Origin : from the first part of the subcalvian artery. IT inter the cranial cavity and it supply Mohamed el fiky spinal cord and brain