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ARTA111 REVIEWER BSIHM 2-Y1-3 (SHOBE LOPEZ) PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN in the visual arts, the viewer perceives refer to the visual strategies used by rhythm by grouping elements such as artists, in conjunction with the color, line and shape. el...

ARTA111 REVIEWER BSIHM 2-Y1-3 (SHOBE LOPEZ) PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN in the visual arts, the viewer perceives refer to the visual strategies used by rhythm by grouping elements such as artists, in conjunction with the color, line and shape. elements of arts – for expressive purposes (Fichner-Rathus, 2008). Rhythm is often the use of regular, evenly distributed elements – they They include: could occur in slow, fast, smooth or  Harmony jerky intervals, and this tells you  Balance something about the feelings invoked.  Rhythm  Emphasis Rhythmical patterns help the eye to  Proportion move easily from one part of the room  Simplicity to another or from one part of a design  Variety to another (Sanchez, et al., 2009).  Unity  Contrast Regular Repetition  Clarity  A means of creating rhythm in which elements of a composition HARMONY are duplicated at orderly or fixed Harmony in visual design means all intervals. parts of the visual image relate to and complement each other. Harmony is  The easiest and most precise way the use of related elements. to create rhythm. This might be similar colors, shapes,  Regular repetition was a core sizes of objects, etc. It’s about property of Minimalist artists, of repetition and a relationship between which Flavin was one. elements. This creates a sense of connection between the objects, creating a sense of flow. Regular Repetition Donald Judd’s sculpture in particular Harmony is one of the most important was based on the repetition of simple aspects when it comes to principles of geometric shapes mounted on walls or art. set on the floor in a steady, evenly spaced pattern. Harmony is the visually satisfying effect of combining similar or related Minimalism An abstract art elements. movement begun in the 1960s that emphasizes the use of pure and simple RHYTHM shapes and materials. is organized movement, a beat, a repetition. Alternating Rhythm a type of rhythm in which different is created by repetition, and repetitive elements in a work repeat themselves patterns convey a sense of movement. in predictable order. Progressive Rhythm Symmetrical balance can be described  Minor variations in rhythm can as having equal "weight" on equal add interest to a composition. sides of a centrally placed fulcrum. It may also be referred to as formal  Such variations are seen in balance. progressive rhythm, in which the rhythm of elements of a work of When the elements are arranged art such as shape, texture, or color equally on either side of a central axis, change slightly as they move, or the result is Bilateral symmetry. This progress toward a defined point in axis may be horizontal or vertical. It is the composition. also possible to build formal balance by arranging elements equally around Balance a central point, resulting in radial Balance is the concept of visual symmetry. equilibrium, and relates to our physical sense of balance. It is a  Balance in a three dimensional reconciliation of opposing forces in a object is easy to understand; if composition that results in visual balance isn't achieved, the object stability. tips over. Most successful compositions achieve  To understand balance in a two balance in one of two ways: dimensional composition, we symmetrically or asymmetrically. must use our imaginations to carry this three dimensional In architectural works like the United analogy forward to the flat surface. States Capitol – the house in which the laws of the land are created - Emphasis by Directional Lines repetition and symmetry can imply Directional lines Lines that lead the rationality and decorum, tying the eye to a focal point. structure of the building to a certain symbolic ideal. Emphasis by Isolation Here a group of performers is found Types of Balance standing silently within a barren Symmetrical Balance landscape. Even though there are  the type of balance in which many of them and they are dressed in the elements of a work are their costumes, they are less likely balanced by similarity of to draw the viewer’s eye than the form or arrangement on delicately rendered woman in “street either side of a dividing line clothes,” who is seated apart in the or plane, or to correspondence of lower right and looks beyond the edge parts, as in size, shape, or position of the canvas (Fichner- Rathus,2008). Asymmetrical Balance Picasso’s emphasis on the woman’s  the type of balance in which aloneness draws us to her along the there are more than slight edge of the canvas (Fichner- differences between the divided Rathus,2008) areas of a work, yet there is an overall sense of balance. Unity is a powerful concept. negative and positive space, is an In art, unity implies harmony. It example of contrast. Another example suggests that the parts of a is the use complementary colors in a composition are there by work art. happenstance; rather, they fit together to form a meaningful whole (Fichner- ART IN EARLY CIVILIZATION Rathus, 2008). STONE AGE – Is a term used to describe a period of history when Not to be confused with harmony, stones were used to make tools for unity is the overall cohesion of the survival. work. You might achieve this through any kind of grouping of objects. The term conjures an image of men Any kind of similarity will help to and women dressed in skin, huddling strengthen the sense of unity you feel before a fire in a cave. when looking at a series of objects. Stone Age roughly span the 14,000- Variety 2,000 BCE. Unity is powerful, but, as the British writer Aphra Behn said, “Variety is the THREE PERIODS OF STONE AGE soul of pleasure.” Without variety, life PALEOLITHIC – the late years of would comprise a bland sameness, a the old Stone Age. cookie-cutter existence from which we all shrink. Variety in art, as in life, is MESOLITHIC – Middle Stone Age. seductive. It demands our attention, turns the predictable on edge (Fichner- NEOLITHIC - New Stone Age. Rathus, 2008)  In unearthing of archeological Variety is a sense of the difference artifacts and remains provides between elements of an artwork – the modern society a glimpse of the opposite of unity, or harmony. beliefs, practices, and activities of early civilization. The motives and PROPORTION reasons behind the creation of Proportion refers to the relative size ancient materials such as and scale of the various elements in a sculptures, painting, and design. The issue is the relationship architectural structures may not be between objects, or parts, of a whole. clearly defined. Nevertheless, the This means that it is necessary to early people produced such discuss proportion in terms of the material that reflect their attitudes context or standard used to determine and belief system on spiritual, proportions. social, political, and economic matters. CONTRAST Contrast is the disparity between the  As the early humans started to elements that figure into the transition from being nomads to composition. One object may be made permanent settlers, their everyday stronger compared to other objects activities also had some changes, (hence, emphasis). This can be done in which is evident through the many ways using the elements of art. materials and even the works of For instance, specifically, the use of art they have created. Despite changes as a result of adapting to  their environment, there are NEOLITHIC ART STONEHENGE IN central themes in their artworks. ENGLAND Most ancient artworks depict The purpose of this fascinating edifice religious symbols, a wide array of remains a mystery up to this day age. organisms from nature and Some regard it as a temple while activities of everyday life. others see it as complex calendar the tracked the movements of both the Prehistoric Art Sun and Moon. Others ascribe some The Stone Age has witnessed how magical element to it by associating it humans were able to lead more stable with Merlin the Magician from King lives and eventually come up with Arthurs’s story. permanent shelters and tools for survival.To complement this stability EGYPTIAN ART and sense of Permanence, early The Egyptian civilization can be humans also turned to the Creation of divided into three periods: Old, paintings and sculptures that depict Middle, and New Kingdom. Looking humans, animals, and their natural at the three periods, it can be noticed habitats. that for the Egyptians, art should be something religious and spiritual. Paleolithic Art There may have been differences in is a product of climate change. As the the techniques used and style climate got colder, part of the early emphasized, but there are common humans’ instinct is to look for shelters denominators among the artworks that would provide them will warmth. created during their respective time Caves became protective havens for periods. the early humans and these caves paved the way for the birth of their NARMER PALETTE first attempt to create art. It was a palette that utilized and applied dark colors around King Halls Of Bulls Narmer’s eyes. The palette was also a Found in the cave in Lascauz, France symbol that commemorates the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Mesolithic Art  The “Venus of Willendorf.” The Great Pyramid Of Giza During the old Kingdom, one of the  This figure is a highly abstracted Architectural wonders was also woman From highlighted body constructed.The pyramids in Giza parts associated with fertility. served as tombs since their main purpose was to provide a resting place  The representation may show the for the pharaohs. importance of taking care of these body parts for procreation and Queen Nefertiti consequently the survival of There is emphasis to life-like features species. of the face like an elongate jaw and thick-lidded eyes. Most artists created artworks that are natural and seemingly real, highlighting the features of their subjects. Naturalism was not only used to depict the possible standard of quality in all pharaoh but also was used for aspects of their societies. members of the royal family. The bust of Queen Nefertiti has a long and sensuous neck. King Tutankhamen He became king at a very young age and died at the age of eighteen. Howard Carter discovered his tomb in 1922. They were astonished to find gold artworks and that the coffin was made out of solid gold. The body of the young king was eredred in linen and a gold mask covered his face. SUMMARY During the prehistoric period, the early humans had transitioned from a nomadic lifestyle to that of more permanent one, which led to early civilizations. Some of the works discovered from this period would give modern society a glimpse of what was life like during that period. One of the early civilizations where art Laocoon, a Trojan priest, and his sons flourished was the egyptian being strangled by serpents. Their civilization. Throughout the three position was a result of locoon’s kingdoms all the way to the Amarna because he felt that the wooden horse Revolution, art has been directly used offered by the Greeks as a gift to particularly in religious and spiritual Athena was a trick. Poseidon, the activities. Through these unearthed Greek God of the sea was enlarged by and discovered artworks, the modern such action which led him to send world could have a better serpents to strangle Laocoon and his understanding of the past and how it sons. can affect the present. The origins of theater and drama can ART OF EMERGING EUROPE be traced back during the Greek Integral part in European history civilization ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS: The followers of Dionysus―god of GREEKS - ROMANS fertility – started the Greek theater. All the way to the modern times art People who were devoted to Dionysus has been use to communicate would dance during ceremonies while ideologist and belief systems prevalent giving their offerings to their god. within there context Greek and eventually, the Dionysians devised a Romans Civilizations where also more structured form of drama known as Classical World because both involving dances and choral songs, cultures aimed to embody, the highest which depicted Greek mythologies. Eventually the Greeks organized theatrical contests where the performance were held in front of large citizens. Perseus and Medusa Just like the Greeks, the romans valued their gods and this was evident with their sculptures and artworks. ARCHITECTURAL STYLE These cathedrals can be categorized into two periods  Romanesque (1050-1200)  Gothic (1200-1500) ROMANESQUE  Romanesque architecture were characterized by semi circular MIDDLE AGES - REALISM ART arches, thick stone walls, and  Period between Roman Empire durable construction. and the Renaissance.  Scrulptures were also prevelant  Characterized by ignorance and during this time. darkness.  Church was the central figure and authority of the period.  Scriptures were done by hand.  Great cathedrals were also built.  BYZANTINE ART  Byzantine art was characterized by its lack of realism.The artists did not try to make their paintings realistic, but focused on the symbolism of their art.  The subjects of the paintings were almost entirely religious with GOTHIC many paintings being of Christ  Orinated in the 12th century with and the Virgin Mary. the rebuilding of the Abbey Church in Saint-Denis, France.  Gothic architecture offered revolutionary structural advancements such as ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and decorative pinnacles all contributing to taller, lighter building designs. RENAISSANCE ART  Rebirth of Naturalism  A positive willingness to learn and explore.  Sought to capture the experience of the individual and the beauty and mystery of the natural world.  Valued the "individual" as a subject of arts.  Most artwork emphasized naturalism  Most artist also added perspective of depth wherein spaces were explored in different artworks. ORIGIN OF RENAISSANCE PERIOD  Born in Florence, Italy  The term Renaissance means "rebirth".  The origins of Renaissance art can be traced to Italy in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAISSANCE ART 1. Realism & Expression 2. Perspective 3. Classicism EARLY RENAISSANCE 4. Emphasis on Individualism Artists began to reject the Byzantine 5. Geometrical Arrangement of figures style of religious painting and strove to 6. Artists as Personalities/Celebrities create realism in their depiction of the human form and space. ARCHITECTURE sensitivity towards the ancient past. resumption of classical orders clear articulation of plans and elevation proportion MUSIC CHARACTERISTICS  Music based on modes.  Exaggerated Figures  Richer texture in four or more  Elaborate Decoration parts.  Ornamentation  Blending rather than contrasting  Artificial Color strands in the musical texture.  Harmony with a greater concern "PERSEUS AND ANDROMEDA" with the flow and progression of BY JOACHIM WTEWAEL chords  1616, Louvre, the composition  Desprez: Ave Maria displaying a Vanité of bones and seashells in the foreground and an MANNERISM elaborate academic nude with a a product of Renaissance Period; also palette borrowing from the known as the Late Renaissance forefront for Andromeda's cheeks. The Dragon seems of sino-oriental  regarded as a bridge between the influence. High Renaissance and the Baroque period, which adopted the subset's ornate aesthetic and adapted it as extravagance.  originated as a reaction to the harmonious classicism and the idealized naturalism of High Renaissance art as practiced by Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael in the first two decades of the 16th century.  1519 "LAOCON AND HIS SONS" BY AGESANDER , ATHENODOROS, AND POLYDORUS OF RHODES Mannerism role-model: an an sculpture, rediscovered in 1506; now in the Vatican Museums. The artists of Mannerism greatly admired this piece of sculpture. MANNERISM  Mannerism was an anti-classical movement which differed greatly from the aesthetic ideologies of the Renaissance.  Though Mannerism was initially accepted with positivity based on the writings of Vasari, it was later regarded in a negative light because it solely view as, "an alteration of natural truth and a trite repetition of natural formulas.   Baroque art is mainly Christian in Characteristics that Mannerist subject matter. Paintings and artists would employ in their sculptures depict biblical figures artworks. and stories with intense accuracy.  Elongation of figures: Public buildings such as churches  Distortion of perspective: and other religious sanctuaries  Black backgrounds: utilized this style to imbue a sense  Use of darkness and light: of wonder to the structures and  Sculptural forms: entice followers.  Clarity of line:  Rococo art focuses on secular  Composition and space: themes and leisurely times.  Mannerist movement: Paintings depict love stories,  Painted frames: sexually charged escapades, and  Atmospheric effects: classical mythology.  Mannerist colour:  The subjects and themes of Rococo and Baroque art are almost polar opposites. Baroque art usually depicts religious themes while the Rococo period is deeply rooted in secular culture.  Active dates: c. 1600-1750  The word "baroque" derives from the Portuguese and Spanish words for a large, irregularly-shaped pearl ("barroco" and "barrueco," respectively).  Stemmed from Italian word for "contorted idea"  Arose mainly as a means to promote the Catholic Church , during the Protestant Reformation Emphasizes faith in church and BAROQUE AND ROCOCO power in state  (c. 1600-1750)  Baroque comes from the  Dramatic contrasts of lights and Portugese word barroco which darks means flawed pearl/irregular  Emotional, often religious shape. depictions  Rococo, which relates to the  Feelings of grandeur, awe, French words, Rocaille (mussel) movement and tension and Coque (seashell) is actually a  Various contrasting textures divergence from the previous  All encompassing works Baroque style. (illusionistic)  Baroque style exudes a masculine  Materials: bronzes, gildings, energy and presence; Rococo art plaster, marble, stucco has a more demure, very beautiful,  Focal point in architecture: feminine aura entrance axis, pavilion ROCOCO  1730-18th century  A style of baroque architecture and decorative art, from 18th century France, having elaborate ornamentation.  Rococo, less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque  It is often described as the final expression of the Baroque movement  Rococo style developed first in the decorative arts and interior design, and its influence later spread to architecture, sculpture, theater design, painting, and music.  Rococo style is characterized by elaborate ornamentation, asymmetrical values, pastel color palette, and curved or serpentine lines.  Rococo art works often depict themes of love, classical myths, youth, and playfulness.   The Baroque period is divided into three major phases: early, middle, and late. Overlapping in time, they are conventionally dated from 1580 to 1650, from 1630 to 1700, and from 1680 to 1750. Baroque music forms a major portion of the "classical music" canon, and is now widely studied, performed, and listened to.  Baroque music forms a major portion of the "classical music" canon, and is now widely studied, performed, and listened to. The term "baroque" comes from the Portuguese word barroco, meaning "misshapen pearl"  During the Baroque era, professional musicians were expected to be accomplished improvisers of both solo melodic lines and accompaniment parts.  A characteristic Baroque form was the dance suite. While the pieces in a dance suite were inspired by actual dance music, dance suites were designed purely for listening, not for accompanying dancers. COMPOSERS ANTONIO VIVALDI  Antonio Lucio Vivaldi, (born March 4, 1678, Venice, Republic of Venice [Italy]-died July 28, 1741, Vienna, Austria), Italian BAROQUE MUSIC composer and violinist who left a  Baroque music, a style of music decisive mark on the form of the that prevailed during the period concerto and the style of late from about 1600 to about 1750, Baroque instrumental music. known for its grandiose, dramatic, and energetic spirit but also for its ARCANGELO CORELLI stylistic diversity.  an Italian violinist and composer  is a period or style of Western of the Baroque era. His music was classical music from key in the development of the approximately 1600 to 1750 modern genres of sonata and originated in Western Europe. concerto, in establishing the preeminence of the violin, and as  the first coalescing of modern tonality and functional harmony.  The Baroque period is divided into three major phases: early, CLAUDIO GIOVANNI ANTONIO middle, and late. Although they MONTEVERDI overlap in time, they are an Italian composer, string player, conventionally dated from 1580 to choirmaster, and priest. A composer 1630, from 1630 to 1680, and of both secular and sacred music, and from 1680 to 1730. a pioneer in the development of opera, he is considered a crucial transitional EARLY BAROQUE MUSIC (1580- figure between the Renaissance and 1630) Baroque periods of music history.  In reference to music, they based their ideals on a perception of Classical (especially ancient Greek) Other well-known Baroque musical drama that valued composers include Germany's discourse and oration. As such, Bach and Handel. They are they rejected their contemporaries' known as two titans of the use of polyphony and Baroque. instrumental music, and discussed such ancient Greek music devices JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH as monody, which consisted of a  was a German composer and solo singing accompanied by a musician of the late Baroque kithara. The early realizations of period these ideas, including Jacopo  (1685 -1750) Peri's Dafne and L'Euridice, marked the beginning of opera, GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL which in turn was somewhat of a  (1685 -1759) catalyst for Baroque music.  A german british baroque composer well knwon for his MIDDLE BAROQUE MUSIC operas, oratorios, anthems, (1630-1680) concerti grossi, and organ  The middle Baroque period in concertos Italy is defined by the emergence of the vocal styles of cantata, CHARACTERISTICS oratorio, and opera during the  The Baroque period saw the 1630s, and a new concept of creation of tonality. melody and harmony that  During the period, composers and elevated the status of the music to performers used more elaborate one of equality with the words, which formerly had been regarded musical ornamentation, made changes in musical notation, and as pre-eminent. developed new instrumental  The florid, coloratura monody of the early Baroque gave way to a playing techniques.  Baroque music expanded the size, simpler, more polished melodic style. These melodies were built range, and complexity of instrumental performance, and from short, cadentially delimited ideas often based on stylized also established opera, cantata, oratorio, concerto, and sonata as dance patterns drawn from the sarabande or the courante. musical genres. LATE BAROQUE MUSIC François Couperin (1680-1730)  Italy the music of composer  Through the work of Johann Fux, Giovanni Battista Sammartini was the Renaissance style of rococo personified polyphony was made the basis for the study of composition. CHARACTERISTICS  A continuous worker, Handel Rococo composers wanted to convey borrowed from others and often the lightness of heart and simplicity of recycled his own material. He was emotional states, by focusing the also known for reworking pieces artistic expression on a single affect, as such as the famous Messiah, opposed to conflating multiple which premiered in 1742, for disparate emotional states as a available singers and musicians. counterpoint to themselves.  Galant style in music brought ROCOCO MUSIC forth instrumental works such as  Rococo style in music occupies a string quartets to take center stage really specific transition Baroque of musical entertainment, style to Classical era. outpacing the contrapuntal vocal  Rococo music has diluted the compositions of the early highly complex polyphonic eighteenth century. structures of the Baroque period into a lighter, simpler yet very  New style called for instrumental ornamented elegant style of music to delight the ear with musical expression. intricate ornamentation, memorable melodies, and positive  Roughly landing on the decades disposition between the 1740s - 1770s rococo music took root in France and  Rococo art and music are spread throughout Europe rapidly, remarkably symbiotic as they both to the delight of a growing class of embody the cult of elegance and ubiquitous music amateurs and grace. aficionados.  It was referred to differently throughout Europe - from Style Galant to Empfindsamer Stil (sensitive style) in Germany. ROCOCO COMPOSERS  Johann Christian Bach and Carl Philip Emanuel, Bach, two sons of the titan of Baroque Music  Johann Sebastian Bach -were at the forefront of this stylistic revolution against the density and complexity of the Baroque period composing style in Germany.  In France Style Galant was championed by Jean Philippe Rameau, Louis-Claude Daquin and NEOCLASSICISM ROMANTICISM  Neoclassicism was a movement in  Romanticism also known as the Europe that transpired during the Romantic era late 18th and early 19th centuries.  A movement in art and literature  It was the dominant art movement in the eighteenth and nineteenth that time which basically aimed to century. revive and rekindle the influences  Strong senses, emotions, and of Greek and Roman into art and feelings. architecture.  Revolt against the Neoclassicism  Some historians would also say of the previous centuries that this movement was a reaction  Awe of nature. to the artworks produced during the Baroque period.  There was a call to veer away from such extravagance in terms of style and form of the Baroque Period.  The ancient Greeks and Europeans had placed emphasis on human reason and keeping society in order. These very principle were also the dominant principles during the Enlightenment Period. ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD  Enlightenment thinkers condemned Rococo art for being immoral and indecent, and called for a new kind of art that would be moral instead of immoral, and teach people right and wrong.  The Enlightenment encouraged criticism of the corruption of the ROMANTIC ARCHITECTURE monarchy (at this point King  This flow is highly aesthetic in the Louis XVI, and the aristocracy arts and literature so that more use of imagination and things that are exotic value like taking from nature. REALISM  Focuses in reality Artistic movement characterized by subjects painted in a naturalistic manner from common life.  Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favour of a close observation of outward appearances.  Indeed, realism may be viewed as a major trend in French novels and paintings between 1850 and 1880. NATURALISM ART TO FUTURISM ART  The French proponents of realism NATURALISM were agreed in their rejection of  describes a true-to-life style which the artificiality of both the involves the representation or Classicism and Romanticism of depiction of nature (including the academies and on the people with the least possible necessity for contemporaneity in distortion or interpretation. an effective work of art.  Naturalism began in the early  Observing society instead of Renaissance, and develop itself creating exotic romantic works further throughout the that were out from reality. Renaissance, such as with the  Literary realism, in particular, Florentine school. introduced a new way of writing  It is a type of art that pays and a new generation of authors attention to very accurate and whose influence can still be seen precise details, and portrays things in American literature and English as they are. literature to this day. TWO FAMOUS ARTISTS ELEMENTS OF LITERARY 1. William Bliss Baker 2. Albert Charpin REALISM  Realistic Characters and Setting Did you know?  Comprehensive detail about everyday occurrences William Bliss Baker  Plausible plot (story that could  was an American artist who became widely hailed landscape happen in your town)  Real dialects of the area painter early in his career.  Began exhibiting yearly at the  Character development Importance in depicting class National Academy in 1881  Some landscape paintings of Baker’s are considered to be the best example of the naturalist movement.  Fallen Monarchs is considered to be Baker’s masterpiece.  Did you know? Oscar-Claude Monet  French painter and founder of impressionis painting who is seen as a key precursor to modernism, especially in his attempts to paint nature as he perceived it. Did you know? Paul Cezanne Did you know?  Most influential artist in the Albert Charpin history of modern painting  He was a naturalist painter  Said to have formed the bridge associated with Barbizon school between the late 19th century  He painted real objects in a Impressionism and early 20th natural setting. century’s new line of artistic  His paintings can be found in enquiry, Cubism. museums and private collections  Known for his incredibly varied in Europe and America painting style Did you know? Edouard Manet  was a French modernist painter.  He was one of the first 19th- century artists to paint modern life, and a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism. IMPRESSIONISM  describes a style of painting developed in France during the mid- to-late 19th century  Characterizations of the style include small, visible brushstrokes that offer the bare impression of form, unblended color and an emphasis on the accurate depiction of natural light. THREE FAMOUS ARTISTS 1. Oscar Claude Monet 2. Paul Cezanne POST-IMPRESSIONISM It is an art movement that emerged in 3. Edouard Manet France, which is a result of both the influence and rejection of impressionist but later on saw the inherent limitations and flaws of impressionism. This eventually led to the development of individual style that gave emphasis to defining from with the use of broken colors and Georges Seurat and short brush stroke. Chromoluminarism  Seurat said he wanted "to find Post-Impressionism: something new, my own way of Concepts, Styles, and Trends painting." He particularly valued 1.) Seurat and Pointillism Paul color intensity in painting, and Signac's took extensive notes on the use of The Port of Saint Tropez(1906) color by the painter Eugène Delacroix. He began studying 2.) Van Gogh and Japonisme color theory and the science of The Great Wave Off the Coast of optics and embarked on a path Kanagawa(1906) that would lead him to develop a new style he called 3.) Gauguin and Synthetism Chromoluminarism. Paul Gauguin's Mountains In Tahiti(1897) The Theory of Neo- Impressionism 4. ) Cézanne and the Structure of  The discoveries of "optical Pictorial Form blending and "simultaneous Cézanne's series Montagne Sainte- contrast" that Seurat read about Victoire became the theoretical foundation of Chromoluminarism, which 5.) Rousseau and Primitivism came to be known as Neo- Hungry Lion Impressionism. 6.) Les Nabis FOUR FAMOUS ARTISTS Les muses au bois sacré(1893)  Henri Edmond Cross  Camille Pissarro FOUR FAMOUS ARTISTS  Maximilien Luce PAUL CEZANNE  Georges Seurat VINCENT VAN GOGH PAUL GAUGUIN IMPORTANT ART IN NEO- GEORGES SEURAT IMPRESSIONISM 1. A Sunday afternoon on La Grande NEO-IMPRESSIONISM Jatte (1884-86)  As an art movement, neo- 2. La Dame a la Robe Blanche impressionism is considered as a (Woman in White) (1886-87) response to empirical realism of impressionism. ART NOUVEAU  Most painters who subscribe to  Between 1890 and 1910, countries such movements rely on a from Europe and the United systematic and scientific States witnessed the emergence techniques that have a and flourishing of a new art style. predetermined visual effects not  This ornamental style of art was a only on the art work itself but also break from the conservative how the audience perceive the art. historicism, which was the prevailing and dominant theme of most Western artworks.  This ornamental style uses long serious credibility to the graphic and organic lines that are arts especially the poster as an art concretely manifested in form. architecture, jewelry and glass  Art Nouveau had a great run and design, among others. even though it lasted only 20 years,  The defining characteristic of Art the work produced during this Nouveau is the asymmetrical line period made a lasting expression that usually is in the form of insect on the art world towards the end wings or flower stalks. The line is of Art Nouveau, the prevailing done in such a graceful and aesthetic eventually gave way to elegant manner that somehow the more industrial lines of evokes a certain power to it modernism ad the more predictable geometric forms of Art THREE FAMOUS ARTISTS deco still the influence and 1. Louis Comfort Tiffany appreciation of Art Nouveau 2. Alphonse Mucha organic forms and prolific 3. Gustav Klimt ornamentation has lasted through today. Did you know? Louis Comfort Tiffany FAUVISM  he produced a vast amount of  This is a style of painting that exquisite Favrile glass, many emerged in France around the pieces achieving mysterious and turn of the twentieth century. impressionistic effects; his  What makes fauvists innovations made him a leader of revolutionary is that they used the Art Nouveau movement. pure and vibrant colors by American painter, craftsman, applying straight from the paint philanthropist, decorator, and tubes directly to the canvas. designer, internationally  This is done to produce a sense of recognized as one of the greatest explosion of colors in the canvas. forces of the Art Nouveau style)  The difference lies with how the Glass Lamp fauves have this strong and expressive reaction to how they Did you know? portray their subjects. Gustav Klimt  Gustav Klimt whose work is ONE FAMOUS ARTISTS another example of Art Nouveau 1. Henri Matisse at its most dominant, his work is decorative, colorful, and HISTORY OF FAUVISM contained gold-leaf like in the  Developed in France during the painting the kiss and the portrait 20th century of Adele Bloch-Bauer which leave  Started by Henri Matisse- He is a no space unadorned. leader in the fauvist movement.  The term FAUVISM means Did you know? WILD BEASTS (known as Les Alphonse Mucha Fauves in French term)  Examples of this Art Nouveau can  The term Les Fauves was born be found in all art forms during when a painting by Henri Matisse this time. Art Nouveau was the was shown at an exhibition at first artistic movement to give 1906 Salon d’Automne FUTURISM  There were Fauvists but Henri  Futurism was launched by the was one of the dominant figure Italian poet Filippo Tommaso  It was not exactly an art Marinetti in 1909. On 20 February movement he published his Manifesto of  The name, Les Fauves was Futurism on the front page of the actually first used as a derogatory Paris newspaper Le Figaro. remark about their work by  Among modernist movements French art critic Louis Vauxcelles. futurism was exceptionally Les Fauves actually means “wild vehement in its denunciation of beasts”—it referred to Matisse and the past. This was because in Italy the others' choice of colors, the weight of past culture was felt indicating that their work was as particularly oppressive. savage and primitive.  Futurist painting used elements of  It started with Henri Matisse neo- impressionism and cubism to experimenting with colors in create compositions that expressed painting the idea of the dynamism, the energy and movement, of modern TWO FAMOUS ARTISTS life. CUBISM  was a revolutionary new approach THREE FAMOUS ARTISTS to representing reality invented in  Giacomo Balla around 1907– 08 by artists Pablo  Gino Severini Picasso and Georges Braque.  Umberto Boccioni They brought different views of subjects (usually objects or figures) together in the same picture, Did you know? resulting in paintings that appear Giacomo Balla fragmented and abstracted. Abstract Speed- The Car has Passed  a style of art that stresses abstract (1913) structure at the expense of other pictorial elements especially by displaying several aspects of the Did you know? same object simultaneously and Umberto Boccioni by fragmenting the form of Unique Forms of Continuity in Space depicted objects. (1913, cast 1972)  Cubism is an artistic movement, created by Pablo Picasso and Did you know? Georges Braque, which employs Gino Severini geometric shapes in depictions of Suburban Train Arriving in Paris human and other forms. Over (1915) time, the geometric touches grew so intense that they sometimes overtook the represented forms, creating a more pure level of visual abstraction TWO FAMOUS ARTISTS 1. Pablo Picasso 2. Georges Braque