Art Appreciation Reporting PDF

CHAPTER SIX Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter the students will be able to: a. Tell what is a literary arts b. Explain the uses of literature c. Names and differentiate forms of literature d. Enumerate different forms of literature e. Read and interpret any...

CHAPTER SIX Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter the students will be able to: a. Tell what is a literary arts b. Explain the uses of literature c. Names and differentiate forms of literature d. Enumerate different forms of literature e. Read and interpret any form of literature f. Distinguish elements of short story g. Show a short group performance of acting in a skit h. Appreciate the importance of a drama i. Collect literary forms for portfolio j. Create a poem LITERARY ARTS The art of combining spoken or written words and their meaning into forms which have artistic and emotional appeal is called literature( Drama, Essay, Prose and Fiction, Poetry, Miscellaneous) The emotional appeal of literature is attained when the reader is emotionally moved or touched by any literary work he reads. Example: Elizabeth B Browning “How do I Love Thee”, Rizal’s revolutionary novels the “Noli Me Tangere” and “El Filibusterismo” are good illustrations of literature of intellectual appeal. Literature exists in all cultures. By writing literature, people communicate ideas and feelings. By reading literature, we share these ideas and feelings. Literature lets us visit places and people we might otherwise never know. And we don’t even have to leave our chairs. Classification of Literature Escape Literature – is written for entertainment purposes that is, to help us pass the time in an agreeable manner. Interpretative literature – is written to broaden and sharpen our awareness of life. Escape literature takes us away from the real world and enables us to temporarily forget our troubles. Interpretative literature takes us through imagination, deeper into the real world and enables us to understand our troubles. Uses of Literature a. Moralizing literature – here the purpose of literature is to present moral values for the reader to understand and appreciate; the moral may be directly or indirectly stated. b. Propaganda Literature – This kind of literature is found not only in history books and advertising and marketing books but also in some books describing one’s personal success and achievements in life. c. Psychological continuum of the individual-therapeutic value. It could be looked on as a sophisticated modern elaboration of the idea of catharsis – an emotional relief experienced by the reader thereby helping him recover from a previous pent-up emotion. Forms of Literature A. Poetry Poetry, like all literature, makes use of language. But poetry uses words in special ways. It emphasizes their sounds and rhythms. It makes patterns of sound and rhythm. Most of the patterns in poetry come from repetition. Rhyme is a pattern that repeats sounds. The line “You must never go down to the end of the town” rhymes the repeated sound in the words down and town. Notice the rhythm of that line, too. Read it out loud and see which words you stress most. Rhythm is also a pattern. Poets produce rhythm by repeating words, syllables (parts of words), or beats. William Shakespeare was perhaps the greatest writer in the history of the English language. He wrote many famous plays and poems in the late 1500s and carly 1600s. Poetry is a branch of humanities that renders artistically imaginatively the best of man’s thoughts and feelings. It is metaphorical communication, “the highest form of talk”. Among the types of literature, poetry writing is the most challenging for the following reasons: it includes epics, romances, and ballads. Poems are maybe broadly classified as narrative or lyric. A Narrative Poem has a story and character or characters. It also has a kind of point of view. But all these are revealed to the reader in a very indirect and condensed manner. They are implied or suggested rather than described and narrated. The poet’s aim to produce a unified impression, mood or effect in the reader is achieved through condensation and concentration of meaning in carefully chosen and manipulated word. Robert Browning’s “My last Duchess,” for example, tells in 56 lines the story of a Duke who had caused the death of his first young wife and was about to marry another young girl. The character of both the Duke and his “Last Duchess” his alleged grievances against the first wife and the fate that awaits the wife-to-be are all revealed through suggestions and implication. None of these facts are stated directly. We have to make our own conclusion about the Duke. Lyric poems are generally short and are intense expression of personal feelings. They are very subjective and personal, expressing deeply felt emotions. They may be likened to involuntary utterances which sometime makes when he is surprised or is overwhelmed with joy or sorrow. The pleasure that one derives from lyric poem is similar to the pleasure one gets from popular song. Just as our primary source of enjoyment of a song is its melody, our enjoyment of a lyric poem comes from how it says something and not so much from what it talks about. The following lines all speak of passage of time and imply man’s mortality: How small a part of time they share That are so wondrous sweet and fair. Edmund Waller, “Go, Lovely Rose” Old time is still a-flying And this same flower that smile today Tomorrow may be dying Robert Herrick, “To the Virgin to Make Much of Time When I consider everything that grows Holds in perfection but a little moment. William Shakespeare. Sonnet XV Elements of Poetry: 1. Denotation/Connotation - Denotation is the actual meaning of a word derived from the dictionary. The word “home” for instance by denotation means a place where one live. Connotation is the related or allied meanings of the word. The same word “home” suggests warmth, comfort, security, love and other meaning associated with its denotation meaning. 2. Imagery - like figurative language. Imagery is another element that distinguishes poetry from other literary types. It does not only mean the picture or “images” which a poet makes us see by means of simile as we say, (“The girls is like the rosebud”) or a metaphor (as in “he is a tiger when he is angry”); it includes appeal to other senses as well. This may be defined as the representation of sense experience through language. Images are formed as we see, hear, taste, smell, and touch; or we may say that an “image” is the mental duplication of sense of impression. 3. Figurative language- The most commonly used and the most important of the figurative language are the simile and the metaphor. Both simile and metaphor are used of comparing things that are essentially unlike. In a simile, the comparison is expressed by the use of some word or phrase such as like, as than, similar to resemble or seem; in a metaphor, the comparison is implied. That is, the figurative term is substituted for or identified with a literal term.  4. Rhythm, Sound and Meter - Poems are meant to be read aloud; hence, the poet chooses words not only for what they mean (their sense) but also for how they sound. Part of the meaning of a poem is carried by the sound of words, since the sound affects our responses and thus help evoke or suggest certain moods of feelings. Rhythm is a part of our lives as there is rhythm in the way we walk, the way we talk, the way we swim and other similar activities. Meter in language, is the accents that are arranged as to occur at apparently equal interval of time. Metrical language is called verse. Consciousness of the rhythm while we read it aloud or silently will add to our enjoyment and appreciation as well as to our understanding of the poem. 5. Meaning and idea - The meaning of the poem is the experience it expresses. B. Prose Fiction Prose Fiction includes narratives (stories) created by the author. As distinguished from the accounts, the word fiction comes from the Latin word which means to “form”, “to invent” or “ to feign Fiction is generally divided into novel, novelette and short story forms. Many people like to read fiction stories that writers make up in their imagination. Novels and short stories are fiction. Even though the characters and events in fiction are imaginary, a good writer can make us believe they are real. A novel is usually a long book. Its plot (main story) is packed with twists and turns, and it may have several subplots (smaller stories within the main story). A short story tells only one story and is shorter than a novel. Fiction doesn’t have to describe the world we know. Many people read fiction to escape everyday life. Fiction can offer a substitute life, perhaps an adventure or a romance. Reading about other people’s struggles, hopes, and decisions can sometimes give us a better understanding of our own life. Some people like scary or spooky tales. Others like to read science-fiction stories that imagine life on other planets or life in the future. Readers also enjoy unraveling the puzzles of mystery and spy fiction. Fantasy fiction describes magical or supernatural events. Historical fiction takes us back to the past. Fiction has something for everyone. Science Fiction (SF) is fiction (made-up stories) about some effect of science or technology. SF can expand your mind, make your jaw drop in surprise, and scare the pants off you. The origin of Science Fiction Imaginary voyages to distant lands with strange creatures were common in ancient Greek and Roman literature. Descriptions of trips to the Moon were first written in the 17th century. Stories about wars of the future, fought with new kinds of weapons, also became popular In 1818, Frankenstein became one of the first stories to explore whether science could beca good or evil. British writer Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley decided the answer was evil. She created Frankenstein, a doctor who makes a monster out of parts of human corpses. Alas, Frankenstein’s monster eventually destroys its creator. SF really took off during the late 19th century with French writer Jules Verne. Verne wrote thrillingly about cave exploration in Journey to the Center of the Earth. He wrote about space travel in From the Earth to the Moon and about underwater adventures in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. English author H. G. Wells shocked readers in 1895 with a dramatic time-travel adventure called The Time Machine. It describes a frightening world of the future. His The War of the Worlds is one of the scariest stories ever: Martians invade England and they’re not friendly. Wells and others used SF to explore the future, including travel in space, marvelous beings and inventions, and the use of science to make predictions. Science fiction gained popularity during the 20th century. Magazines like Amazing Stories published exciting adventures that drew upon the wonders of science. Some fans even went on to write books about their own clever imaginary worlds. Arthur C. Clarke, Robert Heinlein, Isaac Asimov, and Ray Bradbury were all SF fans when young. They grew up to become famous SF authors. Frank Herbert began his celebrated Dune Novels in 1965. Science Fiction at the Movies SF can be astounding on the big screen. Many early SF movies drew ideas from older SF stories. They starred alien beings, mutant creatures, or humans without souls. Some of the early SF movies are Frankenstein, Dracula, The Mummy, King Kong, Forbidden Planet, and The Invasion of the Body Snatchers. In these stories scientists were often wrong, international cooperation against invaders was urgent, and technology could be really evil. ET The 1982 science fiction movie ET. The Extra- Terrestrial is about a boy who becomes friends with a space alien. The movie 2001: A Space Odyssey made a huge impact and led to Close Encounters of the Third Kind and the Star Wars movies. SF movies broke new ground in dazzling special effects. Popular SF movies include E.T. The Extraterrestrial, Alien, The Terminator, Jurassic Park, and The Matrix. Several new SF movies come out every year. You’re probably planning to see one soon. Folktales include fairy tales, animal tales, and tall tales. Folktales that involve unlikely events, magic, and supernatural beings are called fairy tales Animal tales are stories about animals that usually have been given human speech and human traits Rabin Hood FollJore is another name for stories that have been handed down over many years. Robin Hood is a character from English folklore who robbed from the rich and gave to the poor. Myths are generally stories about gods and goddesses. They try to explain how the world and all the things in it were created. Nonfiction Have you ever been asked to write a report on spiders, Thanksgiving, or pioneer life in the West? That is nonfiction writing. Nonfiction is based on information that is real and not made up in the imagination of the author. Nonfiction includes biographies, history, and science writing. It includes books on how to do something and how to improve our lives. Fables are fabulous. They’re also good for you. A fable is a short story that teaches a lesson. It ends with a warning, or moral. “Don’t count your chickens before they hatch” is the moral of one fable. It means that you shouldn’t suppose things will happen the way you want them to. All kinds of observations about life can be made in a fable. But events in fables usually involve animals. The animals keep the story interesting. Aesop is one of the earliest and most famous tellers of fables. We don’t know much about him. He lived in ancient Greece in the 6th century BC. He was smart and kept busy writing hundreds of fables. Many of Aesop’s fables are well known. “The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing” tells how a clever wolf gets his meals. The wolf puts on the skin of a sheep. He no longer scares the sheep, now that he looks like one of them. One sheep follows him. Then he eats the sheep! The moral is “Appearances are deceptive.” It means that we should look beneath the surface to find the truth. Aesop’s Fables Aesop, a writer who lived in ancient Greece, created many fables stories that teach lessons. This picture shows Aesop’s story of “The Fox and the Grapes A hungry fox cannot reach some grapes on a vine, so he tells himself they must be spoiled. The lesson of this fable is that it is easy to dislike something you can’t have. Aesop’s best-known fable is probably “The Hare and the Tortoise.” Our hero, a slow and steady turtle, enters a race with an overconfident rabbit. The rabbit’s overconfidence causes him to lose, and the turtle wins. The moral is “Slow and steady wins the race.” It means that steady effort brings success. Aesop’s stories spread by word of mouth for a long time. Greek and Roman writers eventually wrote them down. His fables have never gone out of style Fairy tales generally take place in a far-off time and place. They typically begin, “Once upon a time.” In the land of fairy tales, magical happenings are everyday occurrences. Bad kings or queens, beautiful but ill-treated girls, and handsome princes are frequent characters in fairy tales. So are poor young men ready for adventure. A fairy tale often tells the story of an individual. It takes into account the entire life of the hero or heroine, but focuses on a single event such as marriage. Fairy tales generally end happily. Goodness is rewarded, and evil is punished. The traditional closing line of a fairy tale is, “and they lived happily ever after.” Beauty and the Beast In the fairy tale “Beauty and the Beast,” a beautiful young woman agrees to live with a beast to save her fither’s life. But the beast later turns into a handsome prince Certain basic plots occur again and again in fairy tales, with some variations. Both “Beauty and the Beast” and “The Frog Prince,” for example, tell the story of an animal that, through love, turns into a handsome prince. Many fairy tales are about unhappy people who eventually gain happiness, such as Snow White and Rapunzel. Other popular stories, like “The Little Mermaid” and “Pinocchio,” deal with magical transformations of shape. “The Magic Carpet” and “Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves” relate unusual adventures. Magical objects play key roles in “Jack and the Beanstalk” and “Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp.” Where do Fairy Tales come from? WHERE Fairy tales have been popular with people all over the world from earliest times. Many of them were made up thousands of years ago. People then passed them down through word of mouth. The tales changed over time. As the stories were retold, the tellers added some details and left others out. Although we think of fairy tales as children’s stories, the earliest fairy tales were stories for adults. The stories were meant mainly for entertainment, although some fairy tales also contain a moral. The message of “The Ugly Duckling,” for example, suggests that people who are considered unattractive or unpopular as children may have their true worth and beauty discovered in adulthood. Not all fairy tales date from early times. “The Ugly Duckling” was written in the 1800s by Hans Christian Andersen of Denmark. The Elements of Short Story 1. Plot – Plot consist of events which are arranged in a meaningful sequence. It is the sequence of incidents or events of which a story is composed. Plot in a short story means arrangement of action The action refers to an imagined event or happening or to a series of such events. 2. Character – Characters cause the events in the plot, or the incident that happens to them. Their actions in response to the situation they face become integral parts of the plot. 3. Theme - is the thought content, the fundamental issues which the story deals with. It is the controlling idea or the central insight in a literary work. It is the unifying generalization about life stated or implied by the story. 4. Symbol and Irony- A literary symbol is something that means more than what it is. It is an object, a person, a situation, and action or some other item that has a literal meaning in the story but suggests or represents other meanings as well. 5. Language and Style – Language refers to the idiom used and how it is used. Style on the other hand, is a term which may refer to the precise use of language, both literary and figuratively; it may refers to the total working out of the short story, taking the other element (character, plot, theme, setting) into consideration( Edilberto Dagot; et al., 1974) C. Essay Essay – an easy may be defined simply as a composition which discusses a single topic. “Essay” is derived from the French word essai which means “to attempt” or “to try.” It was first used by Montaigne (said to be the first essayist) to describe his composition from which developed the genre that we call the essay. Is a literary composition on a particular subject. It is usually short and it expresses the author’s personal thoughts feelings, experiences, or observation on a phase of life that has interested him (Irene Mabel Rich 1965). D. Novel Novel – is particularly applicable to a long work of prose fiction dealing with characters, situation, and scenes that represents those of real life and setting and action in the form of a plot. E. Miscelaneous Miscellaneous – is the history, biography, letters, journals, diaries, and other work not formally classified as literature often have definite literary appeal and status due to the high quality of the writing