Art Appreciation PDF

○ The term "ART" is derived from the Latin word "ARS," meaning skill or Module 1: Introduction to ability. Art and Art Appreciation...

○ The term "ART" is derived from the Latin word "ARS," meaning skill or Module 1: Introduction to ability. Art and Art Appreciation III. Meaning and Importance of Art I. Humanities: Meaning and Art as a Subject of Humanities ○ Art is a crucial subject within the Importance humanities, reflecting human experience and expression. Definition and Origin Subjectivity of Art ○ The term "Humanities" is derived ○ There is no universal definition of from the Latin word "HUMANUS," art; its meaning is subjective and which means "human." varies based on individual ○ Anchored in the philosophy of perception and cultural context. humanism, as articulated by ○ The interpretation of art has Protagoras: “Man is the measure of evolved over time, influenced by all things.” multicultural settings and emerging Value of Humanities movements that challenge ○ Scholars emphasize the intrinsic traditional definitions. value of human life and the potential greatness of individuals before death. IV. Definitions of Art (Selected) ○ The Renaissance Period highlighted a body of knowledge 1. JV Estolas: Art is derived from the Latin aimed at developing a "FULL word "Ars," meaning ability or skill. MAN," encompassing literature, 2. A. Tan: Art comes from the Italian word history, philosophy, arts, and more. "artis," indicating craftsmanship, skill, and ○ Humanities serve as a tool for the relationship between form and ideas. humans to adapt positively to the 3. F. Zulueta: Art is a product of man’s need to changing world around them. express himself. Historical Context 4. C. Sanchez: Art communicates ideas and ○ Humanism emerged as a protest feelings through sensuous mediums like against Medieval Christian color, sound, and words. teachings, focusing on human 5. Plato: Art brings life into harmony with the potential and experience. world. 6. John Dewey: Art is an attitude of spirit, demanding fulfillment and shaping matter II. Definition of Art into significant forms. 7. Amy Lowell: Art expresses man’s General Definition personality and records his actions in the ○ Art is defined as the product of world. creative human activity, where 8. Aristotle: Art realizes true ideas in external materials are shaped or selected to forms, stemming from humanity's natural convey an idea, emotion, or visually love of imitation. interesting form. prepared by: alex abante  9. General Definition: Art is the conscious Definition: Processes for creating multiple creation of something beautiful or reproductions of graphic works. meaningful using skill and imagination. Steps: A master image must be created before printing. V. Art Appreciation Divisions: 1. Relief Printing Understanding Art 2. Intaglio Printing ○ Art appreciation involves more than 3. Surface Printing just emotional responses; it requires intellectual involvement D. Commercial Art to fully engage with and Definition: Art forms that include book understand the artwork. design, advertisements, and promotional displays. Scope of Humanities Focus: Emphasizes commercial purposes. E. Photography I. Graphic Arts Definition: A chemical-mechanical process Definition producing images on sensitized surfaces ○ Graphic arts involve visual artistic through the action of light. representations where forms and Types: Black and white or colored symbols are recorded on photography. two-dimensional surfaces. Key Features F. Mechanical Processes ○ Utilizes flat surfaces for artistic expression. Definition: Developed by commercial printers for rapid, large-quantity A. Drawing reproduction of text and images in various colors. Definition: The art of representing something through lines. Mediums: Includes pencil, pen and ink, crayon, charcoal, etc. II. Plastic Arts B. Painting Definition ○ Encompasses all fields of visual Definition: The process of applying arts organized around pigment to a surface to create effects three-dimensional forms. involving forms and colors. Common Surfaces: Canvas, wood, paper, A. Key Fields plaster, etc. 1. Architecture C. Graphic Processes ○ Definition: The art of designing and constructing buildings and structures. prepared by: alex abante  2. Landscape Architecture I. Definition ○ Definition: Planning outdoor areas for human use and enjoyment. Live Art: Performing arts involve art forms 3. City Planning that require live action and performance ○ Definition: Planning and arranging before an audience. the physical aspects of communities. II. Fields of Performing Arts ○ Focus: Ensures that structures related to living and working are 1. Music organized attractively and ○ Medium: Sound efficiently. ○ Types: 4. Interior Design Vocal Medium: Involves ○ Definition: Designing and the use of the human arranging architectural interiors for voice. convenience and beauty. Instrumental Medium: ○ Components: Includes Involves musical backgrounds, furnishings, and instruments. accessories. Ensemble: Performance 5. Sculpture by a group of musicians. ○ Definition: Designing and 2. Dance constructing three-dimensional ○ Medium: Body Movement forms representing natural objects ○ Definition: The use of body or imaginary shapes. movement as a form of expression. 6. Crafts ○ Genres: ○ Definition: Designing and making Modern/Contemporary objects by hand for use or pleasure. Social ○ Examples: Ceramics, jewelry, Folk weaving, etc. Ethnic 7. Industrial Design 3. Theater/Drama ○ Definition: Designing objects for ○ Definition: A story is acted out on a machine production. stage in front of an audience. ○ Examples: Automobiles, household ○ Elements: appliances. Story 8. Dress and Costume Design Characters ○ Definition: Designing all types of Costume and props wearing apparel and accessories Music like ties and belts. Sound and sound effects 9. Theater Design ○ Examples (Philippines): ○ Definition: Designing settings for Senakulo: A traditional dramatic productions. religious play depicting ○ Scope: Includes set design and the the Passion of Christ. entire performance area. Moro-Moro: A traditional play that dramatizes the Performing Arts conflict between Christians and Muslims. prepared by: alex abante  Moriones: A Lenten Benefits: tradition featuring ○ Broadened Perspective: Helps participants wearing individuals make sense of the masks and costumes world by expanding their depicting Roman soldiers. experiences and understanding of their surroundings. ○ Imagination: Encourages people to Meaning of Art Appreciation envision even the unimaginable. ○ Temporal Connection: Connects I. Definition individuals' lives and experiences across the past, present, and Art Appreciation: future, sometimes simultaneously. ○ The ability to interpret and understand man-made arts and to enjoy them through hands-on Assumptions in Art experience with art tools and materials. I. Universal Nature of Art ○ Involves possessing works of art for personal admiration and Art is Universal: satisfaction. ○ Art transcends boundaries and is ○ Refers to knowledge and understood and appreciated across understanding of the general and different cultures and societies. timeless qualities that define all great arts. II. Cultural Significance ○ Includes the introduction and exploration of visual and Art is Cultural: performing art forms. ○ Art contributes to the ○ Entails analyzing the form of an understanding of both past and artwork for a general audience to present cultures. enhance their enjoyment and ○ It helps people learn about their satisfaction. culture’s values, reinforcing cultural identity. II. Subjectivity ○ Art instills pride in customs, traditions, and beliefs, fostering a Subjective Nature of Art Appreciation: sense of belonging. ○ Appreciation of art varies based on ○ Artists’ works serve as records of personal preferences related to: their society’s culture, reflecting the Aesthetics and form of art. sensitivities toward their Elements and principles of community, country, and the world. design. Social and cultural III. Distinction from Nature acceptance. Art is Not Nature: III. Importance of Art Appreciation ○ Art is a man-made construct, differing from natural occurrences. prepared by: alex abante  ○ It represents man's interpretation VII. Emotional Connection in Art of what is perceived as art. Example of Emotional Expression: IV. Expression of the Mind ○ Van Gogh's "Starry Night" is cited as a work that communicates deep Art is an Expression of the Mind: emotions and personal struggles. ○ According to Jeff Lee (2016), art ○ The lyrics from “Starry Night” expresses the deepest emotions of highlight the connection between the mind. the artist's emotions and their ○ The conscious (egoic) and work. unconscious (echoic) minds collaborate to form comprehensive thoughts. The Evolving Nature of Art ○ Highly creative individuals, particularly those who are I. Art's Transformative Power right-brained, often link unrelated ideas and concepts through artistic Extraordinary Presentation of the expression. Ordinary: ○ Art transforms mundane V. Creativity experiences into something extraordinary, adding depth and Art is a Form of Creativity: meaning. ○ Art is a product of imagination, ○ It infuses everyday experiences aimed at entertaining, pleasing, with vitality, offering new and inspiring people. perspectives. ○ The various artworks reflect the Emotional and Intellectual Impact: artist's creative power. ○ Art can express complex emotions, ○ Color is used to express personal soothe the soul, and provoke feelings, moods, and symbolize thought and action. ideas, imbuing art with specific ○ It serves as a unique language that meanings and emotions. conveys feelings and communicates ideas. VI. Experience Historical Continuity: ○ The urge to create art has ancient Art Involves Experience: roots, dating back to the earliest ○ A satisfying completion of an human history. artwork leads to a meaningful ○ This intrinsic desire to create experience. persists in contemporary society. ○ Artists channel their experiences into their creations, often II. Definition of Art addressing societal problems and concerns. Craftsmanship vs. Creativity: ○ Some use expressionism to convey ○ The term "art" often overlaps with strong, intense feelings. craftsmanship, emphasizing skillful handling of materials. prepared by: alex abante  ○ Any creative skill can be considered IV. Artistic Choices an art form. Historical Context: Creative Decision-Making: ○ In the 14th to 16th centuries, craft ○ Artists make choices about guilds were known as “Arti,” which structure, media (materials and upheld artistic standards and tools), techniques (methods), and traditions. subject matter to best express their Branches of Learning: ideas. ○ Today, "the arts" encompass various fields that study creative V. Expressive Quality and Artistic skills, including musical, visual, and performing arts. Style Characteristics of Art: ○ Artworks typically exhibit Unique Artistic Expression: intentional structure, unique ○ An artist’s body of work reflects perceptions, and creative intuition. their unique expressive character, ○ Some believe that true art akin to a signature. transcends mere functionality, Evolution of Style: achieving deeper significance. ○ Artistic styles that were once ○ Others argue that creativity alone unique to individual artists can be qualifies as art, regardless of skill adopted by subsequent level. generations. Subjectivity of Definition: ○ An artist's style may evolve and ○ The understanding of art varies change as their body of work across individuals, cultures, and develops over time. eras, making its definition an evolving concept. Module 2: Functions and III. Aesthetics Philosophy of Art Subjective Nature of Beauty: I. Functions of Art ○ Beauty is subjective and influenced by the viewer's expectations. A. Specific Functions by Medium ○ The philosophical study of beauty is complex and continually 1. Architecture: evolving, reflecting shifts in societal ○ Serves functional purposes, perceptions. providing shelter and space for Generational Change: activities. ○ Artists seek new forms of 2. Music and Dance: self-expression, altering the nature ○ Used in ancient rituals and worship, of art with each generation. as well as for social and folk ○ Regardless of time or place, art is entertainment. created as a means for artists to 3. Paintings and Sculpture: communicate their thoughts and ○ Narrate events, portray people, feelings. provide instruction (e.g., Christian prepared by: alex abante  art), commemorate historical representation, expression, and events, and serve as personal form. expression vehicles. Relation to Aesthetics: 4. Arts and Crafts: ○ Closely linked to aesthetics, which ○ Include functional items such as studies beauty and taste. gates, grills, lamps, religious objects, tools, ceramics, glassware, IV. Five Philosophical Perspectives of stained glass, mosaics, textiles, tile Art work, and furniture. 1. Art as Mimesis: II. Seven Functions of Art ○ Definition: Mimesis (Greek for “imitation”) refers to the 1. Aesthetic: representation or copying of nature. ○ Enhances awareness of nature's ○ Philosophers: Plato viewed artistic beauty, encouraging appreciation creation as imitation of an ideal and preservation. form, while Aristotle considered art 2. Utilitarian: as representation through signs ○ Provides comfort and happiness and symbols. through shelter, clothing, and 2. Art as Representation (Aristotle): personal ornamentation. ○ Concept: Art represents something 3. Cultural: beyond itself through the use of ○ Transmits and preserves skills and signs and symbols. knowledge, fostering awareness of ○ Function: Helps individuals cultural backgrounds. organize their understanding of the 4. Social: world and express relationships ○ Fosters international understanding between elements. and cooperation. 3. Art for Art’s Sake (Kant): 5. Political: ○ Definition: Art is created for its ○ Reinforces identity and ideological own sake, without needing to serve connections to political views, political or didactic purposes. parties, and figures. ○ Philosopher: Immanuel Kant 6. Educational: emphasized personal taste and the ○ Uses symbols and signs to convey subjective nature of beauty rather knowledge and attitudes not easily than objective properties of art. expressed in words. 4. Art as an Escape: 7. Spiritual: ○ Concept: Art serves as a cathartic ○ Expresses spiritual beliefs, outlet for artists, helping them customs, ceremonies, and life process anxiety and emotional rituals. turmoil. ○ Effect on Viewers: Artistic III. Philosophy of Art expression can evoke emotional responses in viewers, fostering Definition: connections to shared human ○ The study of the nature of art, experiences. including concepts, interpretation, 5. Art as Functional: prepared by: alex abante  ○ Purpose: Aims to integrate regions of the Philippines, particularly in creativity, beauty, and usefulness Mindanao. into daily life. Forms of Islamic Art: ○ Impact: Challenges perceptions of ○ Weaponry: Intricately designed ordinary objects and encourages swords and other weapons. innovative thinking through the use ○ Woven Headdresses: Traditional of unconventional materials. attire that showcases textile craftsmanship. ○ Kulintang Music: A traditional Module 3: Philippine Arts musical ensemble using gongs and other percussion instruments. and Society ○ Ceremonial Tapestries: Textiles used in religious and cultural ceremonies. I. Philippine Art Overview ○ Brassware: Crafted metal items Definition: Philippine art encompasses a used for various purposes, often wide range of artistic expressions influenced decorative. by various cultural, historical, and social ○ Pangalay: A traditional dance form contexts. showcasing grace and beauty. II. Indigenous Art IV. Folk Art Characteristics: Represents traditions that Definition: Art that emerges from lowland date back to the precolonial period and Christianized communities, reflecting local reflects the cultural heritage of various customs and traditions. ethnic groups. Forms of Folk Art: Forms of Indigenous Art: ○ Salubong: A traditional greeting or ○ Weaving: Traditional techniques celebration often depicted in and patterns, often using backstrap performances. looms. ○ Chanting of Pasyon: A musical ○ House Building: Construction retelling of the passion of Christ, methods and architectural styles performed during Holy Week. that reflect cultural beliefs and ○ Cenaculo: A theatrical presentation practices. of the Passion of Christ. ○ Pottery: Crafting of functional and ○ Colonial Church Art: Includes decorative pottery items. religious artworks found in ○ Woodcarving: Sculptural works colonial-era churches. carved from wood, often depicting ○ Leaf Art: Crafts made from natural traditional motifs and figures. materials, showcasing creativity and resourcefulness. ○ Bahay na Bato: Traditional stone III. Art Forms with Islamic Elements houses that represent architectural heritage. Characteristics: Reflects the cultural influences of Islam, prevalent in specific prepared by: alex abante  ○ Papier Mâché: Artworks made Characteristics: In societies where warfare from paper pulp, often used for was prevalent, artists specialized in decorative items. designing weapons. ○ Parol: Decorative lanterns, Function: These weapons often had both particularly popular during practical uses and artistic value, reflecting Christmas. the culture and skill of the artisans. ○ Santos for Churches: Statues of saints used in religious practices II. Plutocratic Societies and Sultanates and displayed in churches. Characteristics: In wealthier societies, V. Contemporary Art in Urban Centers artists catered to the needs of elite individuals seeking status symbols. Definition: Modern artistic expressions that Example: reflect current social issues and cultural ○ Hagabi of Cordilleras: Elaborately dynamics. carved wooden benches signifying Forms of Contemporary Art: social status and wealth. ○ Paintings: Diverse styles and themes, ranging from traditional to III. Feudal Societies abstract. ○ Graphic Arts: Visual Characteristics: Art was produced under the communication forms, including patronage of the church and state. digital art and illustrations. Examples: ○ Sculptures in Museums: ○ Carving of Saints: Religious Three-dimensional artworks artworks used to convey religious displayed in public and private narratives and beliefs. collections. ○ Installation Art: Site-specific IV. Second Half of the 19th Century works that transform a space and engage viewers in unique Context: The Philippines opened to experiences. international trade, leading to the rise of the ○ Music: Contemporary genres “ilustrado” class (educated Filipinos). blending traditional influences with Art Forms: modern styles. ○ Bahay na Bato: Traditional stone ○ Theater: Performances that houses symbolizing wealth and address societal issues and reflect social status. cultural narratives. ○ Portraits and Landscapes: ○ Dance: Innovative choreography Reflecting the influence of that combines various dance styles European art styles and techniques. and traditions. V. American Colonial Period Historical Context of Art Context: Expansion of trade, commerce, and industry during this era. I. Warrior Societies Education: prepared by: alex abante  ○ The University of the Philippines VIII. Symbolism of Malakas and instituted courses in commercial Maganda art, catering to the growing need for graphic design and illustration. Artistic Representation: A painting by Art Forms: Cosayo depicting Malakas and Maganda in ○ Illustrations for school books and the likeness of Ferdinand and Imelda commercial posters. Marcos. ○ Fernando Amorsolo: A prominent ○ Purpose: The artwork symbolized artist of this era, known for the couple as parental figures of capturing the beauty of sunlight the nation, reinforcing their political and rural life through his narrative. backlighting techniques. His works are examples of “art as a commodity,” aligning with capitalist IX. Social Realism values. Emergence: Social realists responded to Martial Law in 1972, continuing a tradition VI. Modernism of “proletarian art” and expanding upon earlier nationalist themes. Key Event: 1928 saw Victorio Edades' Themes Addressed: homecoming exhibit, marking his recognition ○ Agrarian issues, foreign economic as the Philippines’ first National Artist. domination, export labor, 1960s and 1970s: exploitation, and ecological ○ Rise of political consciousness led damage. to the emergence of social and ○ Aiming for genuine freedom and political themes in visual arts. social justice. ○ The “building boom” during the Art Forms: Utilized popular mediums like Marcos period, along with cultural comics, editorial cartoons, illustrations, projects patronized by Imelda posters, and portable murals to reach Marcos, stimulated the art market. broader audiences. Notable Artists: VII. Cultural Center of the Philippines ○ First Generation Social Realists: and Manila Film Center Baens Santos, Edgar Fernandez, Antipas Delotavo, Renato Habulan. Manila Film Center: Intended to be the ○ Feminist Themes: Artists like centerpiece of the Manila International Film Brenda Fajardo explored women's Festival. roles throughout history, while ○ Disaster: In November 1981, a Ofelia Gelvezon-Tequi focused on tragic scaffolding collapse occurred cultural identity and self-definition. due to rushed construction practices, leading to workers being X. Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) trapped in quick-drying cement. ○ Symbolism: The film center’s tragic Emergence: Recent developments in the art history added a haunting narrative world include the rise of NFTs, which to its structure. represent ownership of digital artworks and prepared by: alex abante  have transformed the way art is bought and Positioning: Artists align themselves with sold. basic producers and workers, who make up the majority of the population. Diverse Interests: I. Issues Faced by Traditional ○ Some artists advocate for social and political issues, reflecting the Arts Makers/Producers struggles of the masses. ○ Others cater to the elite class of 1. Low Pay for Producers: patrons, producing idealized ○ Economic Struggles: Traditional portraits that reinforce the interests artists, particularly those in rural of the ruling class. areas (barrios), receive minimal compensation for their work. ○ Intermediaries: Agents and III. Mode of Reception entrepreneurs often take advantage of these artists by transporting their artworks to urban centers, A. Social Context of Reception re-packaging them as more 1. Class and Educational Disparities: marketable commodities, and ○ Differences in educational and selling them at significantly higher cultural opportunities create a prices in boutiques. disparity in how art is received and 2. Difficult Working Conditions of Weavers: appreciated across social classes. ○ Neglect and Prejudice: Weavers ○ The contrast between urban and often endure poor working rural experiences also influences conditions, feeling marginalized the reception of traditional arts. and neglected. 2. Pluralistic Character: ○ Survival Struggles: Many are ○ The diversity of Philippine society caught in a daily struggle for allows folk art and living ethnic survival and face threats of eviction traditions to interact with urban from their ancestral lands. contexts. 3. Seasonal Work: ○ Regional painters and artists from ○ Employment Patterns: Many Manila have influenced each other, traditional artists are also farmers leading to a rich exchange of or fisherfolk, working primarily artistic ideas. during town fiestas and producing artworks in line with the agricultural cycle. B. Distorted Reception of Traditional Arts II. Mode of Production Removal from Context: Traditional arts are often stripped of their cultural significance A. Relations of Production: Artist and when removed from their original context (e.g., T’nalak weaves used in high-fashion Public designs, Anito figures displayed in museums). prepared by: alex abante  Commercialization: The alignment of art folk beliefs for extreme and militant with tourism and commercial interests can conservatism. distort its original meaning and purpose. Political Ideologies: Art may either support privileged interests or advocate for the common people. IV. Art and Social ○ Examples: Dominant ideologies (wealthy/powerful) versus Relationships oppositional ideologies (popular support). A. On Class Alignment of Interests: Art can either V. Art and Social reflect the aspirations of the majority or serve the self-perpetuating interests of the Transformation economic elite. Non-Neutrality of Art: Art is not an impartial entity; it draws energy from the B. On Gender conflicts and dynamism of society. Agent of Change: Art has the potential to Patriarchal Society: Gender stereotyping provoke social and political change by within the patriarchal structure has addressing significant issues. historically limited the development and ○ Examples: reception of women’s arts. Picasso’s Guernica Reception Bias: The dominant male addresses the horrors of perspective influences how art is received war. and valued, perpetuating the subordination Goya’s Tres de Mayo of women. reflects on the impact of conflict and oppression. C. On Race and Ethnicity Colonial Prejudices: Racial attitudes established by colonizers have resulted in systemic prejudices. ○ Examples: The film industry often valorizes fair complexions, while advertisements feature mestiza models as the beauty ideal. D. On Religion and Political Beliefs Religious Influence: Religion can reinforce the status quo and support authoritarian interests. ○ Example: Some Mindanao vigilante groups have exploited indigenous prepared by: alex abante