Art Appreciation Midterm Compilation PDF

**ART APPRECIATION** **Ars --** latin word for skill, talent & ability **Art** -- the expression of a creative skill & imagination in different genres for appreciation of beauty & emotional power. **Creativity** -- mother of all inventions Creativity: **Imagination** -- grandmother **2 forms o...

**ART APPRECIATION** **Ars --** latin word for skill, talent & ability **Art** -- the expression of a creative skill & imagination in different genres for appreciation of beauty & emotional power. **Creativity** -- mother of all inventions Creativity: **Imagination** -- grandmother **2 forms of creativity:** Art: - Expression of feeling & emotions - Beautiful rather than useful - Expression of imagination - Tinged with psychological process Craft: - Making something useful - Form of work with animals - Realization of the expression - Subjected to mechanical & systematic routine "Craft without Art id awful with no appreciation" The Humanities: - Philosophy - Literature - Art - History - Language **Humanities** - Knowledge that concern themselves with human beings. **Literature** - Any collection of written work(novels, plays, poems) - Method of recording, preserving and transmitting knowledge and entertainment. - Non-fiction genres(biography, memoirs, letters, essays) **Philosophy** - Means "love of wisdom" - Seek to understand fundamental truths about themselves **History** - Studies chronological record of events. **Religion** - Regard as holy, sacred, absolute, spiritual, divine, or worthy with special reverence. **Music** - Arrangement of sound **Language** - Use of complex systems of communication. Nature is the Art of GOD **7 elements of art:** **Line** - Foundation of all drawing; suggest shape, pattern, form, structure, growth, depth, distance, etc. **Shape** - Two dimensional (flat, limited to height and width) - Three dimensional (cube, sphere, pyramid, cylinder) **Space** - Feeling of depth - Artists use of the area within the picture (Positive and Negative Space) **Value** - Lightness or darkness of a color **Form** - Connotes something that is three dimensional - A form is a shape in three dimensional and like shapes, can be geometric or organic. **Texture** - Perceived surface quality of a work of art. - Since of touch or visually or both. **Color** - Created when light is reflected into the viewer's eye. - An element consisting of hues, of which there are three properties: hue, chroma or intensity, and value. **GROUP \#1** **The last misconception** of art is its **plurality** - Art observes no plural form, insisting to have one creates different meanings. **Art** - refers to the fine arts of painting, drawing and carving, which is basically a skill. **Arts** - represent a subject like fashion and cuisine, sports, commerce, economics and the humanities are by nature disciplinal. **CLASSIFICATION OF ART** **VERBAL -** Literature and oratory, which use words and language, such as poetry, fiction and essay. **NON-VERBAL** - Use no words but motor skills. Motor skills can be classified into two- fine and gross - **FINE MOTOR --** are movements made by smaller muscles, primarily in the hands and wrists, in an exact or fine way. (e.g. musical compositions, drawing, architecture, graphic arts, fashion design, lithography, painting, engraving, weaving) - **GROSS MOTOR** -- require the whole body to move, using large muscles to get the job done.. (e.g. interior design, ceramics or pottery, film-making, photography). **MIXED -** Utilizes the combined elements of verbal and non-verbal arts. (e.g. advertisement, theater, drama, opera, song, and dance or performing art and cinema. **ART HISTORY** - Art history begins with the emergence of human beings whose imagination propels an expression of great legacies that human civilizations have witnessed. - Art is as old as history - Although culture was unsophisticated, art became a witness in the early humans \'quest for people\'s struggle for power, security and survival. - Art history has been characterized with a **Eurocentric** bias because of power influence and historical control of the West (Chase, 2014). **PERIOD OF ART HISTORY** - **Pre-historic period** - **Ancient** - **Medieval** - **Modern** - **Contemporary** **PRE-HISTORIC PERIOD** - Regarded as nomads - engaged in primitive art using stone flakes to produce fire to protect themselves. - They hunted wild animals for food and used animal skins to cover their bodies**.** **Mesolithic age** - **the art tool-making improved like the use of axe sharpening the tools using flaking and grinding.** - **They learn to use nets and hooks for fishing.** - **They also learned the art of domestication for food.** **Neolithic Age** - Nomadism ended. They settled permanently engaged in the art of farming. - They raised barley, wheat, millet, fruits and vegetables. - The art of animal domestication was increased. They raised goat, horse and sheep as a potential source for milk, cheese and meat. - They learned the art of pottery-making for water and food container. - Another new development during this age was the polishing and the putting of handles on stone tools for a comfortable hunting expedition. **ANCIENT PERIOD** - Represented the architectural construction of stones and bricks for temples, fortresses, tombs and palaces that symbolize power and authority. 1. the Ziggurat of Ur 2. The Gate of Ishtar 3. pyramids built at Giza 4. The carving of the Bust of Nefertiti 5. Parthenon 6. Theater of Delphi **\ THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD** - **The Medieval period** is divided into two: the **early medieval** and the **late medieval** - **The Early Medieval** - started from 410 CE to 1024 CE featured the arts of the **warlords** (600 CE), **Hiberno-Saxon and Carolingian** (800 CE), and **the Ottonian** (900 CE). **Romanesque** -- The architecture is characterized by heavy walls and smaller windows. **Gothic --** **The Late Medieval lasted from 1300 CE to 1500 CE.** This period coincides with the massive development of art during the Renaissance, as a redemption of freedom curtailed during the early medieval. regarded as the rebirth of classical culture that used linear perspective frescoes and tempera in art. **MODERN PERIOD** Art in the modern era was enlightened by the following ages: - Mannerism (1550) - Baroque (1650) - art was used as a weapon for religious wars. - Rococo (1700s) - where the theme of art was highly decorative. - Neoclassical (1800) - recaptured Graeco-Roman grace and grandeur. - Romanticism (1800) - celebrated the triumph of imagination and individuality in art. - realism (1860) - focused its theme to working class and peasants in a rustic mode of painting - photography (1850), England\'s arts and crafts and Paris Art Nouveau (1900) - Impressionism (1865-1885), - Post Impressionism (1900), Fauvism and Expressionism (1910) - Art in this period was characterized with the use of harsh colors and flat surfaces, and emotion distorting form. - Cubism, Futurism, Supremativism, Constructivism and De Stijl (1905-1920), - Dada (1920) - Surrealism (1930). **CONTEMPORARY PERIOD** - marked the beginning of Abstract Expressionism in 1945 and Pop Art in 1960s. - art observe pure abstraction and expression without forms. - **Naturalism** - in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting. - **Romanticism (1800) -** an artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in Europe. - **Impressionism (1820) - i** product of decades of art critics scrutinizing many new artists about what they could paint. - **Realism (1850) --** is the visual arts and literature is the general attempt to defect subjects.. - **Symbolism (1860)** - **Art Nouveau (1890)** - **Expressionism (Early 20th Century** - **Cubism (1907) -** form of art made up of geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and then collages. - **Dada (1916) -** form of art that took place during the first world war. - **Surrealism (1920)** - **Pop art (1950) -** form of art based on modern popular culture and the mass media (Group -- 2) **FUNCTIONS AND PHILOSOPHY OF ARTS** **Functions of art** - inquiry on what is art for. ***Art function classified into two:*** 1. **Directly functional** Ex. Architecture, weaving, furniture making 2. **Indirectly functional** Ex. Painting, sculpture, literature, music, and theatre arts **FUNCTIONS OF ART** **1. Personal functions** - varied and highly subjective - need for self-expression - entertainment for intended audience - therapeutic for the artist and audience **2. Social functions** - address a particular collective interest - convey message of protest, contestation, or any message that the artist intends to carry - convey the message that will benefit the society Arts perform a social function when: (Influence Social Behaviour, Display and Celebration, Social Description) 3. **Physical functions** - artworks that are crafted or built to serve some physical purposes - artworks that can be used for practical purpose because of their physical structure - **PHILOSOPHY OF ARTS** **What is philosophy?** \- based on it etymology, philosophy is the love of wisdom \- from the 2 greek word philo(love) and sophi(wisdom) **What is art and philosophy?** \- is the study of the nature of art \- It is closely related to aesthetics, the philosophical **What is the connection between Philosophy and Art?** \- Philosophy is considered a part of art **PLATO** \- An artist work is the copy of the original (a mimesis). \- The physical world is just a shadow of the ideal world. \- Images are mere reflection/ shadows of actual figures. \- Reality is up there in the world. **Aristotle** \- art is the representation of reality/ an artist way \- of capturing an image in his own terms. \- does not only copy but recreates reality. \- imagination is achieved by means of rhythm, \- language and harmony. **SOCRATES** \- art should be a means of people to improve life of others; to teach people good or bad \- know thyself \- arts include the study of concepts as interpretation, representation and expression **Immanuel Kant** \- art is something that is second nature to man. \- art\'s purpose is to be \"purposeless\". **GROUP \#3 Work of Art: It's subject, form, and content** 1. **SUBJECT -** Person, objects, themes, and even ideas. It is the image you can easily identify. **Two types of Subjects:** 1. **Representational --** appears to be very much like how people see them in reality. 2. **Non-representational --** Abstract Music - representational and non-representation. **SOURCES AND KINDS OF ART** - **Nature** -- trees, land, dessert, animals, and etc. - **People and World** **Event** -- Individuals and family portraits. Using people as subject convey clearer emotion than other subjects. World event can be found when you read newspaper or editorial page. - **Myths and Legends** -- Uses it as a way of visualizing the story found within them. - **Spiritual and religious belief** -- - **Ideas Commissioned by Employer** -- artisted hire by employer, such as graphic designer, interior designer and architect designer. 3. **FORM/COMPOSITION --** The overall organization of the artwork. 1. Elements of art and principles of design 2. Actual and objective form -- refers to the outcome and actual output of the creative process. **Two-Dimensional Art --** Art begins the work on a flat surface called a **plane.** (e.g. drawing and painting). **Three-Dimensional Art --** Has an actual and real depth. It can be touched in its surfaces, such as ***sculptures.*** **Three-Dimensional Media:** A. **Sculpture --** uses clay, glass, plastics, wood, stone, metals. B. **Assembling --** process of constructing a sculpture using different materials. Combinations of woods, plastics, metals, and others. C. **Modeling --** additive process. Gradually adds material to build the form. D. **Carving --** subtractive process. Removed, cuts, chips, or drill parts of the solid mass to create a form. E. **Casting --** Manipulative process. Soft pliable materials are made into shapes using manual hand force or machine manufactured force. F. **Craft --** Have utilitarian intention. They're made with functions (e.g. baskets, plates, cups, vases, & etc.) G. **Architecture --** Shelters, building, monument and religious shrine. The process of planning, creating/building infrastructure to give human and other life form safe spaces. **Technological Media --** Paved way for arts and the making one to be more accessible for consumer. A. **Photography --** A technique of capturing optical images on light sensitive media using camera. B. **Films and Videos --** series of negatives that intend to show motions of pictures. **Computer Arts --** Graphic designer rely on computer and its application to create art. 3. **CONTENT --** Artwork also contain emotional and intellectual messages. They are called content. These are statement, moods, or interpretations developed by the artist. **Iconography --** The process of understanding the meaning of the elements of the art and the symbolisms the object conveys. **AESTHETICS -** is a form of philosophy that intends to study the value and nature of art, **ART CRITICISM --** The systematic approach of evaluating and assessing artworks. Steps on evaluating art: 1. **Description** 2. **Analysis** 3. **Interpretation** 4. **Judgement** **Theories for critical analysis** 1. **Imitationalism (**Literal) -- focused on critiquing the artwork based on the extent of realistic representation. 2. **Formalism (**Conventional) -- Evaluating the artwork's rigor on design and the application of principles. 3. **Emotionalism (**Subjective) -- refers to the expressive qualities of the artwork. 4. **Utilitarianism(**Utility and Function) -- Assist in interpreting artworks with functional aspects. **(Group -- 4)** **ARTISTS AND ARTISANS** **Artists** - All fine artist first learn to sketch and began with a pencil and sketchpad to work with an idea on paper. - **Aesthetics** **Artisan** - Are craftsman who make practical artistic products, such as earring, urns, stained glass and other accessories. - **Functionality** **RELATED CAREERS** **Career Information Involving Art and Performing Arts** - Actor - Singer/Musician - Dancers - Choreographer - Directors - Set and exhibit designers - Costume attendants - Performance makeup artist **Information About Careers that Involve Art and Creativity** - Craft and fine art - Multimedia artist/animator - Art director - Museum curator - Performing arts/arts administrator - Photographer **The needed Skills and Qualifications of a career in art** **Qualifications:** - A relevant course: - Events management - Literary studies - Degrees - Funding for study - Artistic endeavor knowledge - Experience in arts or performing arts management **Skills:** - Relevant skills for administration - Experience - Collaboration - Enriching the human experience - Enjoying the work - Work life balance **Areas of art** - Organization - Accounting - The Law - Fundraising - Marketing - Public relation - Flexibility **Art Production** -- making something or to a final product, live a theatrical performance. Production is the heart of making art. Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) National Living Treasure Award -- a prestigious award given by National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) NCCA created GAMABA in 1992 through the R.A. No. 7355 **(GROUP 5)**