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Module 1 Arts: Essence; Functions; Subjects; Media; Elements and Organizations; and Principles of Design Art - Is derived from latin word, “Ars” means skill and from greek word, techne denotes craft Function of Arts Economic Function Political Funct...

Module 1 Arts: Essence; Functions; Subjects; Media; Elements and Organizations; and Principles of Design Art - Is derived from latin word, “Ars” means skill and from greek word, techne denotes craft Function of Arts Economic Function Political Function Historical Function Cultural Function Religious Function Aesthetic Function Personal Function - It is a mean (vehicle) for the artist’s expression of their feelings and thoughts Social Function - It seeks to influence collective behavior. It is created to be used primarily in public situations. It describes or collective aspect of existence Physical Function - It serves as tools that lighten work. It is used in architectural design and community planning Subjects of Art Subject (Substance) Dream and Fantasy Event (Everyday life, History and Legend) Nature (Animals, Plants, Mountains, Seas and Rivers, Forests) Object (Things, Gadgets, Entity, Figures, Still Life) Person (Portrait) Scene (Landscapes, Topography, Terrain, Panorama) Classification of Subject Objective Art (Representational) - Represents description, stories, or references to identifiable objects or symbol Non-Objective Art (Non-Representational) - Does not represent any concrete object or symbol Ways of Presenting the Subject Realism refers to the movement or style of representing familiar things as they actually are. Subject appears naturally and it replicates reality. Abstraction refers to art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, forms, colors, and textures. It refers to the process of simplifying or organizing the objects according to the demand of artistic expression Distortion refers to the art of twisting, stretching, or deforming the natural shape of the object. Medium of Art: Visual Art Acrylic is a medium in painting which uses paints. Drawing refers to the initial or fundamental sketch of painting. Encaustic refers to the application of a mixture of hot beeswax, resin, and ground pigment to any porous surface followed by heat application. Engraving refers to the process of decorating metal artwork with the use of burin. Etching is the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio in the metal Fresco refers to the application of earth pigments mixing with water in a plaster wall. Intaglio refers to scratch, engrave, or etch into metal plate. Mosaic refers to a wall or floor decoration made of small cubes or irregular cut pieces of colored stone or glass. Painting refers to the process of applying pigments (colors) on the smooth surface (paper, cloth, canvas, wood or plaster). Printmaking refers to a graphic image that results from a duplicating process. Stained glass refers to window decoration made of irregular cut pieces of colored glass Tempera refers to the application of a mixture of egg yolk and white, and earth and mineral pigment. Watercolor refers to a tempera paint made of pure Sculpture - is a three-dimensional form constructed to represent a natural or imaginary shape. It is the art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or abstract forms, especially by carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster. - Sculpture can be produced in two process such as Subtractive process (carving in hard materials) and Additive process (molding in soft materials) Carving - is a subtractive process that involves the removal of unwanted portions of the raw materials to reveal the form that the artist has visualized. Modeling - is an additive sculptural process in which malleable material is molded into three-dimensional form. Fabrication - is an additive process that employs the method of joining or fastening through nailing, stapling, soldering, and welding. Elements and Organization of Visual Arts Color gives quality to the pictorial field and has the ability to elevate sensation of pleasure (system of tonality). It creates mood and symbolizes ideas as well as expression of personal emotion. Lines are used by the artist to imitate or to represent objects and figure on the flat surface. Likewise, the line depicts the feelings and thoughts of the artist. Shapes are used by the artist to represent the subjects of the art. The subject can be represented through a natural, abstract, and non-objective shape. Texture defines the tactile quality of the surface of an object. It expresses a sensuous and decorative quality and creates a spatial depth. Value depicts the tonal relationship between light and dark areas of a painting. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (circa 1606-1669) - He was a Dutch painter and etcher who was considered as one the greatest painters and printmakers in European art history particularly in Dutch history. As a shadowist painter, he proved his skill in employing chiaroscuro in his work The Night Watch (1642), where he stressed the spiritual and introspective quality of his subject - The Night Watch and The Entombment of Christ are classic examples of tenebrism styles which stress the effect of lighting and shade to reveal the subject of the artworks (emphasis of the artwork). These two artworks are among the best paintings in the Baroque arts in the 15th century. Principles of Design - Balance is the gravitational equilibrium in visual arts which depicts the feeling of equality in weight, attention (attraction) of the various elements. Symmetrical (Formal Balance) means identical (one half of a work mirror the image of the other half). Asymmetrical (Occult or Felt Balance) means no formal balance on either side of the artwork but the subjects are placed in parallel position. - Emphasis and Subordination reflects between the more important and less important in artworks. It is concerned in stressing the proper importance to the parts and to whole artworks. - Harmony means that all parts of the visual image are related and complement with each other. There is an agreement between the parts of a composition which result in unity.  - Proportion means the ratio of the one part to another and of the whole that can be expressed in size number and position The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci (1495-96) - This renaissance artwork depicts how Leonardo da Vinci employed the asymmetrical balance to express the feeling of equality. The place Jesus Christ in the center to show the degree of importance in the artwork. As observed from other subjects (the disciples), they are arranged in parallel to both sides and they are equally divided (proportion). Leonardo’s Last Supper is a conventional example of artwork which religiously follows the six principles of design. Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo Buonarroti (1508-1512)  Module 4 Philippine Arts and the Asian Arts Indigenous Philippine Arts Pre-Colonial Arts Pottery - In the pre colonial philippines was primary used for functional purposes like storage and burial - The Manunggul Jar is a prime example of this. It served as a burial jar, depicting two figures rowing a boat, symbolizing the belief in an afterlife - Purpose: Pottery was used for burial and storage, often decorated with intricate designs, indicating spiritual and symbolic meanings - The Bulul is a carved wooden figure from the narra tree, representing the ancestral spirit and granary god of the Ifugao people in the northern Philippines. It is believed to protect the rice crop from rats, thieves, and spoilage - According to Ifugao mythology, as recounted by Ocampo (2016), the deity Humidhid created the first bulul from a narra tree that cried out to be carved. After an encounter between Bugan, Humidhid’s daughter, and a bulul, they married and had children. The Sarimanok - is the legendary bird that has become an ubiquitous symbol of Maranao art. It is depicted as a fowl with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf, and spiral motifs. It is said to be a symbol of good fortune - The figure represents a fowl wings, feathered tail, and a head decorated with ornaments of scrolled and painted motif of leaves, spirals, and feather like forms. It usually stands on a fish and another one hangs from its beak. This wooden figure, usually perched atop a bamboo pole, stands among decorative flags during weddings and other festive occasion. The Torogan is the traditional house of Maranao royalty, serving as the residence of the sultan, his family, and servants, and as a venue for community gatherings. There are three traditional Maranao shelters: The Torogan (reserved for nobility) The Mala-a-walay (the big house) The Lawig (the small house). - The Torogan is elevated using large tree trunks and features a central post surrounded by 25 supports, with stones acting as shock absorbers for stability. The second floor, known as the poro, is the main living space, while the ground floor (dorung) is multi-purpose. The house is adorned with okir carvings, including the panolong—distinct  end-beams with serpent designs—and has a roof made of cogon grass supported by beams. - The Tingguians’ bamboo crafts and the art dyeing are some of the prides of Abra. The Tingguians, also called Isneg are the indigenous highland people of Abra who are known for their bamboo crafts and natural dye makers. The various bamboo crafts of Abra lead to position itself to be the Bamboo Capital of the Philippines. Claiming as the Bamboo Capital of the Philippines, Abra celebrates its annual Abrenian Kawayan Festival on the 6th to 9th day of March Christian Arts in the Philippines - The early Christian arts or religious arts in the Philippines are found on the old churches built by the Spaniards from the 17th to 19th centuries. These religious images are carved wooden saints (santos) made by the unknown artists. - The retablo (altar piece, left picture) is one of the religious arts found on the different churches in the Philippines which reflect the intricacies and detailed designs during the baroque period. - Among the identified Baroque Churches in the Philippines are the following: Santo Tomas de Villanueva in Miag-ao, Iloilo; San Agustin Church in Paoay, Ilocos Norte; San Agustin Church in Intramuros, Manila; Nuestra Señora de la Asunción in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur; Nuetra Senora de Gracia Church in Guadalupe Viejo, Makati; Our Lady of Remedies Parish Church in Malate, Manila; Parish Church of San Ildefonso in Tanay, Rizal; and Parish Church of Santiago apostol in Betis, Pampanga Islamic art - in the Philippines is distinguished by the use of floral, plant, and geometric designs, which are seen in calligraphy, architecture, clothing, and fine arts. Introduced by traders and missionaries in the 13th century, Islamic art merged with local ethnic culture, creating Filipino Muslim art. Each Muslim ethnic group has its own unique style, visible in homes, clothing, and places of worship. Islamic architecture - in the Philippines is most evident in mosques. Early mosques were built with light materials like wood and bamboo, but modern mosques now resemble Middle Eastern designs. One uniquely Filipino Islamic art form is Okkir, a decorative style featuring geometric and floral motifs, often incorporating dragon or serpent imagery, influenced by Hindi and Chinese art This style is also present in Torogan Well-known Filipino Artists Juan Luna (1857-1899) – known Filipino visual artist who succeeds in art competitions in Madrid, Spain. His first winning art was the La Muerte de Cleopatra (awarded silver medal) at Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes. His Spolarium (picture on the left side) was awarded three gold medals and garnered him critical praise in 1884. In 1885, he painted El Pacto de Sangre in Paris, France. In 1887, he returned to Madrid, Spain and his painting, La Batalla de Lepanto and Rendición de Granada won high acclaim. “The Parisian Life” is one of his many art works of Luna which gained negative criticism when the GSIS bought this painting worth 46 million pesos. Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo (1855- 1913) – known Filipino visual artist, contemporary of Juan Luna who has been awarded second place for his painting, Las Vírgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Popolacho (picture on the right side) during the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes. Félix Resurrección Hidalgo won several prestigious international awards for his artworks. His notable pieces include "Oedipus y Antigone" and "El Violinista" (which earned him a gold medal). Other significant works are "La Barca de Aqueronte" (The Boat of Charon) and "Laguna Estigia" (The Styx), which also received gold medals. "La Barca de Aqueronte" has a special place in art history, having been exhibited at the Exposition Universelle in Paris, where it won a silver medal, and later receiving gold medals at the Exposición General de Bellas Artes in Barcelona and the International Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid. Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972) - was a renowned Filipino visual artist. His career began after the tragic death of his father, Pedro Amorsolo, which forced him to support his family by selling sketches at age eleven while working with his uncle, Fabian dela Rosa In 1914, with the help of his mother, Bonifacia Cuento, Amorsolo earned his fine arts degree from the University of the Philippines School of Fine Arts. At age 25, Amorsolo designed the famous Ginebra San Miguel logo, “Marca Demonio,” which caught the attention of Don Enrique Zobel. This led to Amorsolo being sent to Madrid, where he was accepted as a professor, not a student, after his work impressed the Academia de San Fernando During his time in Madrid, he studied the works of great artists such as Diego Velázquez, El Greco, Francisco Goya, and others. Amorsolo faced challenges during the Japanese occupation in 1941, including the execution of his younger brother, Pablo. The war deeply influenced his art, shifting his focus to themes of human suffering. His major works include "Maiden in a Stream" (1921), "El Ciego" (1928), "Dalagang Bukid" (1936), "The Mestiza" (1943), "Planting Rice" (1946), and "Sunday Morning Going to Town" (1958). Guillermo Tolentino (1890-1976) – known Filipino visual artist, contemporary of Amorsolo who accidentally became known artist when his work “Filipinos Ilustres” (picture on the left side) was transferred to lithographic stone by Jorge Pineda who printed 1,500 copies and sold at 80 cents per copy which then spread in every Filipino homes (Mojares, 2010). As cited by Mojares, 2010, Tolentino’s first artwork, “Filipinos Ilustres” (Grupo de Filipinas Ilustres) became the best-known gallery of Filipino heroes which depicted the thirteen men arranged in some order of precedence: Jose Burgos, Antonio Luna, Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Marcelo H. del Pilar and Apolinario Mabini (seated left to the right); and Clemente Jose Zulueta, Jose Ma. Basa, Pedro Paterno, Juan Luna, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Miguel Malvar, and Antonio Ma. Regidor (standing behind). In 1973, he was conferred the title of National Artist and among his known sculptures were the following: the iconic UP Oblation; Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan City; Pres. Manuel L. Quezon at Quezon Memorial Circle; and the life-size bust of Dr. Jose P. Rizal in UP and University of the East campuses (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2020) Glimpse on the Asian Arts: Chinese; Japanese; Indian; and more Traditional Japanese Art (Bijutsu) and Craft (Kogei) - entails cultural expression connected with the past that conveys specific ideas of “Japaneseness”, such as tea ceremony, flower arrangement, martial arts, woodblock prints and ceramics (Morais, 2019). - In 1885, the term, bijutsu kogei (artistic crafts) was used to stress the position of handicrafts as an art form and to distinguish it from manufacturing industry, likewise, to establish its cultural role as a uniquely Japanese form of art (Morais, 2019). - Geijutsu (art) was originally used to refer to the six skills (rikugei) such as moral behavior; music; archery, equestrian art; calligraphy; and mathematics (Doshin Sato, 2011 cited by Morais, 2019). - The Japanese arts are reflected from the following: Chado (way of tea); Ikebana-kado (traditional flower arrangement); Shodo (Japanese Calligraphy); Bonsai (potted miniature tree); Origami (art of folding a piece of paper); Ukiyo-e (type of woodblock print and paintings of the floating world); Uchiwa (traditional paper fans); Haiku (traditional poetry); Kireji (mounting scroll); Kutani (Japanese porcelain); Chabana (flower arrangement in tea ceremony); Koto (traditional stringed instrument); Kabuki (classical dance-drama); and sumie (ink and wash painting) Traditional Chinese Arts and Crafts - are seen from Bronze Vessels, Folk Toys, Embroidery, Calligraphy, Music, Opera, Painting, Cloisonne, Jade, Kites, Lacquer Ware, Paper-Cuttings, Porcelain, Pottery, Seals, and Silk which are the vivid reflection of their culture likewise the embodiment of both the local people. The following are excerpted from Travel China Guide retrieved from - Bronze Vessels (5,000 years ago) led the ancestors of modern China from the Stone Age into a new era, the Bronze Age. The bronzes produced being delicately decorated with a diverse range of designs and motifs and were widely used in many aspects of life,  such as musical instruments, ceremonial offerings and weapons of war being of great significance in the history of China. - China Calligraphy - a highly stylized form of writing - has been developed by many eminent calligraphers of many different dynasties. Referred to as the 'four treasures of study' (writing brush, ink stick, xuan paper, and ink slab) are regarded as the indispensable tools when writing. - Chinese Cloisonne is an enamel artwork with the primary color being blue. It is renowned for its use of high-quality material, complex manufacturing process and its use of bright and vivid colors. - Chinese Jade has a history of four thousand years. Jade symbolizes merit, grace and dignity and occupies a special position in people's consciousness. It is used both to decorate rooms, and as jewelry by people hoping for a blessing. - Chinese Embroidery originated in the Shang Dynasty (16th - 11th century BC), and now has four major traditional styles: Su, Shu, Xiang, and Yue. It is also an accomplished skill for the ethnic minority groups such as the Bai, Bouyei and Miao. - Chinese Kites being delicately made of paper and bamboo have numerous shapes such as swallow, centipede, butterfly etc. Regarded as an artistic marvel, the kite makers' skill in both painting and in the design of the kites' flexible flying movement are well renowned. - Chinese Lanterns are to some extent the symbol of the country's extensive festival culture. With long history and interesting traditions, lanterns now have abundant variations, decorating many festive occasions. - Chinese Painting is divided into three genres - figures, landscapes, and birds-and-flowers and each type has its distinctive characteristics. In addition, difficult skills are required to the painters. - Chinese Porcelain derived from the Shang Dynasty (16th - 11th century BC). It is characterized with fine texture, bright colors, and distinctive shapes and styles. Jingdezhen, located in Jiangxi Province is the Porcelain Capital of the world and attracts countless people from near and far to appreciate, and buy the choicest Jingdezhen Porcelain around. - Chinese Pottery has a history of over 8,000 years and known as the oldest artwork of human beings. The accomplishments in pottery works can be seen from Terra Cotta Warriors, in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, and the Tricolor Glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907) and so on. Module 7 Local Arts: Kapangpangan Visual, Auditory, and Combined Arts - Historians claimed that the Kapampangan’s descendants were migrants from Malang Region, Java Indonesia and from other Malayan countries. - Its civilization is rooted from the banks of Rio Grande de Pampanga (Pampanga River) where its name, river bank (pampang ilug) derived. - Among the visual arts, related to sculpture that are known in the different parts Pampanga are the following: Burarul (kite); Dase (weaved mat); Dukit (carve); Gawang Pande (black smith); Gitara (Guitar); Kupia (hat); Kuran ampong pasu (clay pot and vase); Parul (lantern); Pukpuk (metal smith); and Santus (saint making). - Burarul is the Kapampangan of kite, from Spanish volador, and the other version of kite is called Gurion (a kite without a tail). - Dase is the Kapampangan of mat and the known municipalities in Pampanga who practice the craft of weaving (pamaglala) are the towns of Candaba, San Luis and San Simon - Dukit is the Kapampangan of carving. The art of carving (mandukit or manukit) is known in Betis district, one of the four districts of Guagua, Pampanga - The Barangay Santa Ursula is known as the premiere source of carved masterpiece in the municipality of Guagua, Pampanga and Maestro Apung Juan Flores is one of the recognized well-known mandukit in the barangay - Gawang Pande (made by Pande) is the Kapampangan for black smith which is named after the known cannon maker (lantakas), Pande Pira during the Spanish colonization - Gitara (guitar) makers are known in the town of Guagua, Pampanga. The pioneer guitar maker in the province is a Matuang Bacani who managed to copy an old Spanish guitar - Kupia is the Kapampangan of hat which is essential in tropical accessories in tropical countries like the Philippines.  - Kuran ampong pasu are known in the town of Santo Tomas in which the town is mistaken as part of San Fernando. - Parul in Pampanga is traditionally made during the lubenas (procession) of the advent season for the Catholics, and they are usually used to light path during the limbun o prusisyun, other term for lubenas (procession) of the patron saints in the parishes - Pukpuk is the metalsmithing in Pampanga and introduced in the province in late 16th century to the 19th century, when the Spanish missionaries arrived in the Philippines and design the altar (retablo) with various decorations. - The Retablos (altar frontals or tabernacles) were decorated by melting the Mexican silver coin to create various decorations. - Betis artisans mastered the art, locally termed as ‘pukpuk’ (to hammer) as designs were created by chasing and using the repoussé method, in which designs are raised on a metal sheet by pounding a pattern from the back using a sinsil (blunt chisel). - Santus is the Kapampangan for images of saints that usually carved in woods. Apalit, Bacolor, Betis and Macabebe are the known towns in making Santos or Santus - The town of Macabebe is known as the home of the santeros (maker of saints). - A santero is a craftsman who uses wood, ivory, cement or fiberglass to produce an ecclesiastical art piece known as santo, in the image of Christ, Mary or a Saint. Before the war, fishing and farming were the only means of livelihood of the people of Macabebe. NATIONALLY-RENOWNED KAPAMPANGAN ARTISTS IRINEO MIRANDA. - The Dean of Philippine Illustrators, Irineo Miranda (b. 1896/d.1964), was an early graduate of the University of the Philippines College of Fine Arts, finishing in 1916. He honed his craft under Fernando Amorsolo, and soon, he was earning illustration commissions from Pacific Commercial Company, doing product labels and advertisements JUAN C. FLORES. - Pampanga’s legendary sculptor and carver, Juan C. Flores (b. 24 Jun. 1900/d. 14 Sep. 1992) of Sta. Ursula, Betis, grew up in a fishing community. Not wanting to be a fisherman, he went to Manila to seek his fortune and found work in the santo shops of Quiapo. He became an apprentice of Maximo Vicente, worked with the Tampingcos, and honed his carving skills to perfection. ELIAS LAXA. - Guagua’s master painter of Philippine vignettes (b.1904/d.1990), was born in Banka, a fishing village. At 16, he left for Manila, but it was only at the advanced age of 25 that he enrolled at the U.P. College of Fine Arts, graduating in 1933. Laxa took on odd jobs, including sign painting in Escolta. He went into serious painting only after the War, supporting himself by giving art lessons. JOSE BUMANLAG DAVID. - In the field of portraiture—where technical accuracy, mastery of light, tone and mood are required of the artist, one Kapampangan painter stands out—Jose Bumanlag David (b. 26 Jul. 1909/d.199?) of Mexico. Though he painted a variety of subjects throughout his long, prolific career, it is in portraiture that he found recognition, thanks largely to his American clientele. VICENTE S. MANANSALA. - National Artist Vicente “ Enteng” Manansala (b. 22 Jan. 1910/d. 22 Aug. 1981) was born in Macabebe, and already had artistic inclinations as a boy growing up in Intramuros where his family relocated. At age 15, he painted his first oil—a head of a cow coped from a milk can. He entered the U.P. Fine Arts in 1926, and left home after graduation. He worked as a billboard painter, art director and finally won his first national award in 1941, for his work “Pounding Rice” PATRICIO SALVADOR (b. 17 Mar. 1911/d.?). - A 1931 graduate of Pampanga High, he pursued an art course at the U.P. School of Fine Arts, taking only a year to learn and master painting basics. Soon, Fernandino was dividing his time between commercial art and landscape painting. He was still painting in the mid 1990s at his humble home on Teopaco St. His small work, “Rice Fields”, painted in oil in 1943 now hangs at the Jorge B. Vargas Filipiniana Museum at the U.P. GALO B. OCAMPO. - Galo B. Ocampo, (b. 16 Oct. 1913/d. 12 Sep. 1985 ), who hails from Sta. Rita, studied at the Univeristy of the Philippines. He is the only Flipino to study heraldry abroad and to hold membership in the International Institute of Genealogy and Heraldry in Madrid. He later became a Director of the National Museum in 1961. The multi- agperez2020 6 talented artist was also painter, sculptor, scenographer, writer, teacher, and a cultural-activist LIBORIO T. GATBONTON. - Liborio “Gat” Gatbonton (b. 23 Jun. 1914/.5 May 1976) was a Filipino cartoonist and caricaturist during the 1940s and 1950s who created the popular series "Jappy Days," a comic book that satirized the Japanese rule in the Philippines. He was also the chief cartoonist of the comics section of the now-defunct Evening Chronicle SALVADOR CABRERA. - Salvador Cabrera (b.1930/d.1986) was BenCab’s big brother, older by some 12 years. He was often referred to as a ’quick-draw’ artist who could finish as many as 10 paintings in a day. His trademark works showed youngsters with large, gazing, soulful eyes, inspired by artist Margaret Keane. Salvador, who maintained an Ermita studio, had a successful career as an editorial cartoonist of Daily Mirror, where his comic strip featuring a character named Bindoy, ran for 10 years. In his heyday, he built a large clientele, who paid Php500 for his portraits, a hefty sum at that time—and he could finish 5 a day ALLAN COSIO. - The versatile artist, Allan Cosio (b. 1941) traces his roots in Bacolor. This painter (op art and abstract) , printmaker, sculptor and tapestry maker has represented the Philippines at the Valparaiso Biennale in Chile. The Indian Triennale, and the International Sculptue Event in Victoria, Australia. He has also exhibited in Geneva (Switzerland), California, Munic, Beijing, Marsala (Italy) and Hong Kong BENEDICTO CABRERA (BenCab). - Benedicto Cabrera (BenCab, b. 10 Apr. 1942) is a full-blooded Kapampangan whose parents are from Sasmuan. He studied at the University of the Philippines, graduating in 1963, and had his first one-man show at the Gallery Indio in 1966. After BenCab married British Caroline Kennedy in London in 1969, the couple decided to stay there, where he slowly, but surely established his name in the international art scene, holding exhibits (London, New York ,Macau) and winning several art awards. JOSE W. HERNANDEZ. - Manila-born Jose W. Hernandez (b. 22 Sept. 1944/ d.19? ) practically grew up in San Fernando, when his father was assigned as a law teacher at Harvardian College. Jose spent his grade school years at the Assumption Academy. His artistic inclinations showed early; he would fill his notebooks with drawings rather than schoolwork. In his senior year at Pampanga High, he was offered a scholarship by Pres. Diosdado P. Macapagal. However, he abandoned his schooling to learn from established artists like Fernando C. Amorsolo, Botong Francisco, Vicente Manansala, Simon Saulog and Ben Alano. MARCELINO C. GALANG. - “Mars” Galang (b. 1 Jan. 1945/d.2001).was born in Cabusao, Camarines Sur. His father, Zoilo M. Galang of Bacolor, was a pioneering encyclopedist who singlehandedly produced the 10-volume “Philippine Encylopedia” published in 1934. This makes Mars, a half-Kapampangan. He went to public schools in the Sta. Cruz district of Manila, then took up Fine Arts at the University of the Philippines on a scholarship. He became not only a painter, but also a printmaker, colorist and draftsman. Mars dabbled in minimalism, where he excelled. CESAR VICTOR “CID” P. REYES. - The prodigious artist, advertising executive, book author, art scholar and art critic Cid Reyes (b. 28 Jul. 1946) is a Kapamangan Pangilinan, courtesy of his mother Humilde, from Apalit. After his Lasalle studies, he became an Italian government scholar at the Academia de belle Arti in Rome, and tool courses in Art History at the City Lit Institute in London. Twice named Art Critic of the Year, Reyes is also a mutli-awarded advertising creative. In 1989, he authored “Conversations in Philippine Art”, which featured his interviews with 8 National Artists. His published books have won 2 national Book Awards CLAUDE S. TAYAG. - The renaissance man from Angeles City, Claudio “Claude” Moises Tayag (b. 1956) is the son of writer-lawyer Renato ‘Katoks’ Tayag. Although an AB Economics U.P. after graduating, he forayed into art by observing artists E. Aguilar Cruz (his menor), Romula Galicano and Sofornio Y. Mendoza. He won praises for his paintings of folk festival images and folk santo watercolors. He also ventured into creating functional and decorative sculptural wooden pieces NORMAN TIOTUICO. - The foremost exponent of Kapampangan contemporary indigenous art, Norman Tiotiuico (b.1966) of Angeles City is a Fine Arts graduate of the University of the Philippines. In 2004, he was named a Rockefeller and Ford Foundation grantee at the 4th International Sculpture Symposium in Vietnam His works are mostly sculptures, inspired by spiritual and environmental issues. Kapampangan Literature JUAN CRISOSTOMO SOTTO. - Soto was born 27 January 1867 and was the oldest of James Soto's three children, owner of Bacolor rivals, and Marcelina Caballa, a sew. He didn't finish the study in Manil because he loved writing and relaxing in the army of General Tomas Mascardo in the Himalayan in 1896. Julia Amaida first became a husband and had six children. After Julia died in 1903, Soto married Rosario Palma and had four children. Soto died on 12 June1918. In honor, Crissótan was named in 1926 , the version of the ballistic missile in The Palm, which was first performed at a house in Santa Cruz, Mandela and by Lino Dizon and Nicasio Dungo, and Amado Yuzon as a candid - Main role player, perippient, and poet in the Pamphlet John Crisostomo Soto (Hu∙wán Kri∙sós∙to∙Mó ∙to), and also movement in the alliance of "Crissot," an actor taken in the early stages of his surname. He began as a writer for progressive newspapers such as La Independencia, El Liberal and La Publicity. From 1906 to 1917, he was asked to direct several Birthplace publications such as The Balen science establishment, and Ing A move featured his Noli me tanger's translation of Rizal's Noli metanger in the Shock. As a poet, his "Lira, Dalit, and Sinta" won the first reward in celebrateing Rizal's day in San Fernando in 1917. The disturbing novel, Lidia (1907), was the first printed series in the English newspaper that she also directed. - Soto wrote approximately 50 salads and dramas but the crowd was not kept. She began by writing excerpts to foreign works such as the Ring of a Bacal (from El anillo de hierro). He was more ordained to his patriot works, such as Sigalut and Balayan and Sinta (Town and Love), both written inside the sheepfold, the Ing sitang (Sitang's Hands), and the Inganac of Katipunan (The Son of Katipunan). God (No God) was the most famous performance in the Theatre Says on 16 November 19902. Soto himself celebrated Compania Says for her plays and played The Orquesta Palma music based on the compositions of Amado Gutierrez, Paul Palma, Dionisio Andres, Jose Estella.