Art 21 (Chapter 1-3) + Activities PDF

Art 21: Art Appreciation 1stSemester SY 2024-2025 Instructor: Flynn B. Mendoza Chapter 1: Introduction to Art Appreciation I. Art, Humanities, Art Appreciation A. Art...

Art 21: Art Appreciation 1stSemester SY 2024-2025 Instructor: Flynn B. Mendoza Chapter 1: Introduction to Art Appreciation I. Art, Humanities, Art Appreciation A. Art - Latin word “ARS” (Craft of specialized form of skill) - The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, produces works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power. B. Humanities - Latin word “Humanus” (Cultured, Refined, or Civilized) - Humanities are the stories, the ideas, and the words that help us understand our lives and our world. They introduce us to people we have never met, places we have never visited, and ideas that may never have crossed our minds. - The humanities are academic disciplines that study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences. “Art and the Humanities goes hand in hand” “Humanities is the study while art constitutes the creative activities that people do” C. Art Appreciation - The study and understanding of the visual arts, including painting, sculpture, architecture, and other forms of expression. - Knowledge and understanding of the universal and timeless qualities that identifies art. II. Genres of Art A. Visual Arts - These are forms perceived by the eyes. These include painting, sculpture, and architecture. - They are also called spatial arts because artworks produced under this genre occupy space. a. graphic Art - These are visual arts that have length and width; thus, they are also called two-dimensional arts. - They are described as flat arts because they are seen on flat surfaces. Examples: painting, printing, drawing, sketching, commercial art b. Plastic Arts - These are visual arts that have length, width, and height; thus, they are also called three-dimensional arts. Examples: sculpture, architecture, landscape architecture, city planning, interior design, costume design, set design, theater design, industrial design, crafts (handicrafts), and allied arts. B. Performing Arts/Audio-Visual Arts - These are forms perceived by both ears (audio) and eyes (visual). - They are called performing arts since the artists render a performance in front of an audience. - Music, unlike dance and drama, can be purely audial as when the audience listens to a song played on the radio and does not see the artist/singer perform on the stage,  Examples: music (vocal, instrumental and mixed); dance (ethnologic, social, and theatrical); and drama (tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce, melodrama, etc.) C. Literary Arts - These are presented in the written mode and intended to be read. These include prose (short stories, novels, essays, and plays) and poetry (narrative poems, lyric poems, and dramatic poems). - Prose differs from the verse or poetic forms in that the former is in paragraph (composed of sentences) form, while the poetic forms are in stanza (composed of lines) form. D. Combined Arts - Music, Visual, and Literature integrated into one creative presentation. - Mostly composed of two or more different art forms. III. Functions of Art A. Personal Function - “What does art do you as an individual being - An artist may create a piece out of a need for self-expression or gratification. - They might also or instead want to communicate a thought or point to the viewer. - Sometimes an artist is only trying to provide an aesthetic experience, both for self and viewers. - Personal functions of art are not likely to be the same from person to person. B. Social Function - “What does art do to people in the society” - Art serves a social function when it seeks or tends to influence the collective behavior of people. - Social function arts are created to be seen or used primarily in public situations for display and celebration. - It also expresses or describes social or collective aspects of existence. C. Physical - Utilitarian or practical uses - Art that is created for a specific use has physical function. - Other than its aesthetic appeal, these artworks can be used for practical purposes and are made to make our lives comfortable. - These art forms follow the principle of “form follows function” which means that the shape of a building or an object should primarily relate to its intended function or purpose. IV. Characteristics of Art A. Art is distinct from the sciences - There are two branches of knowledge namely ARTS and SCIENCES. B. Art possesses beauty - Any work of man must have aesthetic value or worth to be considered an art. C. Art is creation - Art is product of resources, raw materials or any medium put together creatively by the use of human skills and| or talent. - Therefore, art is distinct from nature. D. Art is man made - Art, as distinct from nature, is created by people. - In the strict sense of the word ART, it is not nature and nature are not art. E. Art is an expression - It is a basic human need to express oneself. Art is a powerful avenue for one to meet that need for expression. - Through different creative activities, humans express their thoughts, ideas, opinions, desires, feelings| emotions and all other things that occur in their minds and hearts that need to be expressed.  F. Art is universal and it is everywhere - In every country and in every generation, there is always art. - Art being everywhere does not just refer to art being in different places. - Everywhere indicates that art is in different aspect of society or a place like culture, beliefs, practices, festivities, activities, the words we utter and how we utter them. - Art is indeed seen and used in various aspects that make up a society. G. Art involves Experience - Art is an expression of people’s varied experiences in life whether the experience is their own or someone else’s. - People tend to appreciate art more with these experiences attached to them. THESE EXPERIENCES MAY BE CLASSIFIED AS: a. The kind that triggers one to create art b. The kind that one feels as he\she is in the process of creating art c. The kind that one feels as he\she perceives a work of art. “3rd kind of art experience leads one to respond to art in three different ways” 1. Emotional Response – example: sympathizing with a character in a novel, crying with the protagonist in a movie. 2. Intellectual Response – Analyzing the symbolisms of characters, actions or events in a story, evaluating and interpreting the meaning of a painting 3. Sensory Response – Humming with the melody of music, snapping one’s fingers or moving one’s head with the rhythm of songs H. Art is Limitless in its subject - Art covers a very wide range of topics\subjects even in opposite extremes. I. Art never fades - The greatest achievement of art could be that it captures something that is passing or aging and preserves it in time. - As long as people exist, art too will always exist as people continue creating and developing art. V. General Elements of Art A. Subject and Context a. Subject - “Anything that is depicted or represented in an artwork.” - This is presented in different methods\ways b. Context - “meaning of what is seen\perceived in the artwork” B. Medium - Material used to make art works - “Your means of expression” C. Technique - The Method in performing/creating art - The methods used to manipulate the medium, such as carving or playing an instrument. - This is what makes artists unique or distinct from each other. Activity #1: Definition of Art “1/2 yellow paper” Activity #2: Free writing “1/2 yellow paper” Activity #3: Characteristic of Art “1/2 yellow paper”  Chapter 2: Introduction to Art Appreciation I. Art Appreciation - Art appreciation is the knowledge and understanding of the universal and timeless qualities that identify all great art. The more you appreciate and understand the art of different eras, movements, styles and techniques, the better you can develop, evaluate and improve your own artwork. - It involves learning about the elements and principles of art, as well as the historical and cultural context in which works of art were created. - The goal of art appreciation is to deepen one's understanding and enjoyment of various art forms. II. The Four Stages of Art Appreciation A. Description - In the description step you will make observations about what you see. - For this first step, your observations must be objective. - Try not to express your opinions yet. - Describe only the facts. - Make sure you include the information from the Credit Line. The Credit Line: contains some very useful information helping to provide you with information about the work. 1. The name of the artist, his or her nationality, and date of birth (and death) What can you deduce from this information? This additional information helps you to understand a work of art by understanding the time-period the artist lived in and what events may have affected his or her life. Some additional research is required. 2. The name of the artwork and the year (or years) it was made. Often the title is italicized and can sometimes give you clues as to the meaning or the work. 3. The medium (or materials used to create this work) and the size of the piece. Why is this information important? Sometimes we are surprised by the actual size of the work. 4. Usually, the last piece of information will tell you where this work can be viewed or who owns it. B. Analysis - In this step consider the most significant art principles that were used in the artwork. - Describe how the artist used them to organize the elements. BALANCE, VARIETY, RHYTHM, CONTRAST, UNITY, PROPORTION, EMPHASIS HARMONY, MOVEMENT, TEXTURE C. Interpretation - Based on what you have learned so far about the artwork, what do you think the artist was trying to say? - Why did the artist create this artwork? - What do you think it means? - What feelings do you have when looking at this artwork? - Do you think there are things in the artwork that represent other things-symbols? D. Judgment - Do you like this artwork? - Do you think it is a good artwork? - Do think it is an important artwork? - Would display this artwork in your home? - Is this artwork good enough to put in a museum? Justify your opinion. - Explain why you feel the way you do about this artwork based on what you have learned about it. What criteria do you base your judgment on? Activity # 4: Art Critique Instructions: Using the four Stages of Art Appreciation, kindly critique the artwork below. “Short Bond Paper - printed” Artwork: Sunflowers  Chapter 3: Visual Arts I. Graphics Arts (Drawing and Painting) A. Drawing - Most fundamental of all the visual arts. B. Painting - Art of applying pigments (paints on a surface with the use of a brush or its substitute and the aid of the binder or vehicle. a) Pigments  Colors of paints used in painting which are sources out from nature. They may be used naturally or are added to commercial paints b) Surface  Material on which the paints are applied like paper, cloth, canvas, wood, glass, and the human body c) Vehicle  Any agent used to make the paints spread more easily like water and oil d) Binder  Any Agent used to bind (stick the pigments to the surface like resin and glue II. Elements of Visuals arts (Line, shape, form, and texture) A. Line - A line has no width - It is only a measure of length - Line is defined as a mark that spans a distance between two points, taking form along the way. - As an art element, line pertains to the use of various marks, outlines and implied lines in artwork and design, most often used to define shape in two- dimensional work. KINDS of LINES 1. Static Lines: lines that suggest stillness 2. Dynamic Lines: lines that suggest movement B. Size - Refers to the magnitude of the images presented in an artwork. - Size suggest distance in realistic presentations ex: Small – FAR, Big - NEAR - In realism, size suggest distance while in surrealism and symbolism, size may be manipulated to suggest a symbolic meaning C. Shape - Refers to the form of the subject or images presented in an artwork. - This may be in the form that is literally seen or that may be suggested\implied D. Color - This element is produced from the reflection of light, without light, it is not possible to see colors. - White = combination of all color, Black = absence of colors - It is the quality of an object or substance with respect to the one reflected by it, and usually determined visually by measurement of hue, saturation and brightness of the reflected light in simple form. - When light strikes an object with color, then the color reflects to your eye. - More light means a higher light means a higher intensity level of the color. Types of Color a. Primary Colors: the original color (Red, Blue, Yellow b. Secondary Colors: mixtures of two primary colors (Orange, Violet, Green c. Tertiary Colors: mixtures of a primary color and a secondary color d. Neutral Colors: Colors that neutralize darkness or lightness of colors 1. Black: neutralizes light colors 2. White: neutralizes dark colors  E. Value | Tone - It is degree of lightness and darkness of colors, tints, tones, or shades - Value is often described visually by a scale with varying shades of gray arranged between black and white but other colors also have values. - The value and hue vary when light darkens or brightens. TINT: The resulting color when white is added to another color. TONE: The resulting color when gray is added to another color. SHADE: The resulting color when black is added to another color. How value is used in painting and drawing 1. Similar values distributed in patterns throughout a work of art can lead the viewer’s eyes around the piece to receive the message the artist intended to send. “Values can be used to create the illusion of space as well.” 2. It is used to create an illusion of three-dimensional rounded or projecting objects. F. Perspective - Refers to the point from which the subject is presented by the artist or viewed by the artwork. Types of Perspectives 1. The Basic a. Front View b. Top View c. Bird’s Eye View d. Worm’s Eye View 2. According to the Number of Vanishing Points a. One - Point perspective b. Two - Point perspective c. Three - Point perspective G. Texture - Refers to the implied\suggested smoothness or roughness of the surface area of images or the subject presented in an artwork. - It is the quality of a surface, often corresponding to its textile character, or charcoal, or by painting Techniques used to create\ achieve texture 1. Having a textural surface under the paper when drawing, by using splattering techniques, by using brush, pencil, pen, or charcoal, or by printing. 2. Using Dots and Dashes 3. Cross hatching where line and texture overlap and that the more lines that are crossed over each other, the darker the area becomes and the more textured. H. Space - This pertains to the area provided for a particular purpose. - It is also defined as the distance between identifiable points or planes in a work of art - It includes the background, foreground and middle ground. - It also refers to the distances or areas around, between or within things Two Types of Spaces a. Positive Space: The shape of a space representing the subject matter. b. Negative Space: The shape around and between the subject matter. III. Kinds of subjects in visual arts A. General Kinds of Art Non-representational Art - Non-objective - Subject is not obviously or directly represented Representative Art - The subject is directly represented in the artwork like the subjects seen in the portraits and other realistic visual art presentations.  B. Specific Kinds of Art a. Portrait - Realistic presentation of a human face. b. Landscape - Presentation of land scenes (formations, towns and buildings that have inspired artist to share their feelings about the surroundings people have constructed for themselves. c. Sill Life - Presentation of objects that do not have life d. Animals - Animals in art have always been a popular subject. - They are often depicted for their natural beauty and majesty, or as mythical or symbolic beasts. - Sometimes they are portrayed as the hunter’s prey e. Others (religion, the human body, mythology, etc. IV. Methods in visual arts A. Realism - Method is objective in its approach since it follows the natural proportions and measurements of things or objects as seen. - It is the accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of nature of art of life. - It prefers a close observation of outward appearance over an imaginative idealization of things. - Realism is not limited to visual arts. Several movies and performances tackle and present realistic stories based on true events. Types of Realism a. Hyperrealism o It is an artistic style characterized by a highly realistic graphic representation. b. Photorealism o Is an art genre that includes painting, drawing and other graphic media in which an artist studies a photograph and attempts to reproduce the image as realistically as possible in another medium. B. Distortion - This is clearly manifested when the subject is in distorted condition(proportion) or it is twisted out. - Deliberately done for emphasis, dramatic effect, and symbolic purposes C. Surrealism - This means super realism, influenced by Freudian psychology which emphasizes the activities of the subconscious state of mind. - It presents subjects that are beyond reality. It tries to reveal a new and higher reality than that of daily life - Combination of realism and distortion. D. Abstraction - Process of simplifying something complex to making use of geometrical shapes, colors, and lines. - It means to move away or separate. - It moves away from showing things that as they really are. - It does not attempt to represent external reality, but seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, forms, colors, and textures E. Cubism - It was invented around 1907 in Paris by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. - Cubism was the first abstract style of modern art. - A cubist painting ignores the traditions of perspective drawing and shows you many views of the subject at one time. - Featured flat, fragmented and geometric representations of objects, shown from more than one point of view. Two distinct Styles 1. Analytical Cubism o 1st stage of Cubism  o It broke down the object into different parts creating the impression of looking into different parts, creating the impression of looking into a broken mirror. 2. Synthetic Cubism o Developed out of analytical cubism. o Presentation became more colorful, and it incorporated various extraneous materials or new mediums like daily household objects and clips from newspapers. o Instead of breaking down an object into fragments and then reassembling them, the image was built up from new elements. This incorporates the use of collages. 3. Symbolism o It is the presentation of an invisible sign such as an idea or a quality into something visible. Ways (methods that emerged from Artists’ Movement) 1. Impressionism - 1st Avant-garde movement with modernism. - This method presented the artist’s impression on the art subject - Impressionists capture the passing moment, the fleeting effect of light on their subject by means of a sketchy technique, strong color and plain air (out-of-doors painting). 2. Expression - expressing emotions or a sense of deeper reality through vigorous brushstrokes, and distortions or exaggeration of shapes and colors. - “Abstract Expression” is a term used to refer to the method used by an expressionist if he uses abstraction to freely express his emotions. 3. Fauvism - It is the movement characterized by strong colors and powerful brushstrokes. - When the proponent’s 1st exhibited in 1905, a critic described them as the FAUVES disparaging their arbitrary use of color. - French term “les fauves” which means “the wild beast” - The artist uses bright colors which shows pictures of comfort, joy and pleasure. - Used by Henry Matisse, Raoul Drify and George Ronault 4. Futurism - Developed in Italy same time as cubism appeared in France. - Futurist Painters wanted their works to capture the speed and force of modern industrial society and to glorify the mechanical energy of modern life. 5. Dadaism - It is the protest movement that is playful and experimental. - Most works of the Dadaist include visual arts and poetry. - Originated as a protest World War I, which evolved to a protest against politics then later became “anti-art” - “Dada” means a “hobby horse”. - Dadaism is most often nonsensical. - Marcel Duchamp is a painter known for using this method. Activity #5: Expressive Painting Instructions: Using the principles under Visual Arts, create an artwork based on your thoughts and/or feelings. Materials: 1/8 illustration board, painting materials