Art Appreciation Reviewer PDF

**PRELIMS** **LESSON 1: HUMANITIES AND ART APPRECIATION INTRODUCTION** **CITATIONS** ✯ **SANCHEZ, 2011** it refers to the *[**learning of arts** such as architecture, dance, literature, music, painting, theater, and sculpture. ]* ✯ **MACHILIS, 2003** they are **[*branches of knowledg*e]**...

**PRELIMS** **LESSON 1: HUMANITIES AND ART APPRECIATION INTRODUCTION** **CITATIONS** ✯ **SANCHEZ, 2011** it refers to the *[**learning of arts** such as architecture, dance, literature, music, painting, theater, and sculpture. ]* ✯ **MACHILIS, 2003** they are **[*branches of knowledg*e]** that focuses on individual opinion and relationships. ✯ **MENOY, 2009 and MARCOS ET.AL., 2010** as a *[**branch of learning**, the artwork is considered as the material object,]* while its creativity and appreciation are the formal objects. ✯ **MENOY, 2009** *[**humanities is more concerned on how individuals expresses his/her feelings**.]* These feelings can be in facial manifestations or body movements. (Humanities) ✯ **GARGARO & JILG, 2016 and SANGER, 2012** it also [ ***requires an ability** to differentiate what is apparent and what is not.*] ✯ **MARCOS, 2010** it is the *[**process of using our senses** and emotions in making creative activities]* ✯ **FRANK, 2011** art is the *[**articulation of an idea** or experience of an artist]* through the use of a medium in a visual way. \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- **HUMANITIES** [Humanities] came from the *[Latin]* word **"humanus"** meaning **["educated".]** also [explores human conditions] through the use of analytical, critical, or theoretical methods. can also be a [study on how an individual documented and processed his/her experiences.] imparts as [an academic science] designed to let the learners become logical, creative, and artistic individuals. Creativity is the [basic foundation] of Humanity [ART HAS A FEEL GOOD POWER ON THE BRAIN] ⍟ **ERCOLE VELLONE, 2017** in her study, the [power of art has an effect on the quality of human life.] art has always been a way of touching our souls and connecting our thoughts, feelings, and perception to our own experiences. **MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS** **DESCRIPTION OF ART APPRECIATION** it is the **[way to stimulate ideas and allows individuals to show their feelings]** when viewing artwork. it **[helps develop critical and innovative skills in thinking]** and teaches essential qualities in listening, observing, and responding to multiple viewpoints. **PERCEPTION IN CREATING ARTS** the word [Art] came from *[Latin]* word ["**arti"**] meaning **[craftsmanship, inventions, mastery of form, and skill.]** it includes literature, music, painting, photography, and sculpture. it [serves as an original record of human needs and achievements] it usually refers to "**fine arts**" (graphics, plastic, and building) Creativity and Imagination is the [foundation] of Arts **3 IMPORTANT STAGES** **1. Development Stage** (Creation of **[Ideas]**) artists usually [impress people] they use their creative imagination in making their artwork. **2. Adaptation Stage** (Creation of the **[Material]**) the artist [uses different medium] to make artwork. (pigments, wood, metal, stone, words, etc) **3. Completion Stage** (Creation of **[Forms)]** these are [different forms that the artist use] in expressing their ideas. it is a medium of artistic expression recognized as fine art. **FUNCTION OF ARTS** **1. INDIVIDUAL/PERSONAL FUNCTION** artist perform because of the [passion] of their respective art forms an artistry may create art out of self expression or gratification **2.PUBLIC/SOCIAL FUNCTION** social functions of art are beyond personal intrinsic value to social benefit of art artists [connects with others] through the performance of his/her art that produce social awareness. **3. COMMERCIAL FUNCTION** arts is a [direct and indirect] contributor to the state's economy **4. POLITICAL FUNCTION** art [provides a forum for ideas] that will lead to power, status, employment, and prestige. **5. HISTORICAL FUNCTION** art is [important method for information to be recorded and preserved.] it serves to [document or reconstruct historical] figures and events. **6. CULTURAL FUNCTION** art is [an articulation and transmission] of new information and values. **7. STRUCTURAL/PHYSICAL FUNCTION** buildings are [designed and constructed creatively to make life safety and more meaningful.] **8. RELIGIOUS/SPIRITUAL FUNCTION** arts can also [underpin religious or spiritual significance.] **9. AESTHETIC FUNCTION** any [artwork means beauty.] it is a [visual flavor for elegantly adored interiors] can be bring out the most elegant features of different decor elements. it reasonably reproduced visual images which communicate through fantastic persuasions and meaningful words. **PURPOSE OF ARTS** ⍟ **Art** is made when artist produces a stimulating experiences that is consisted by his/her audience to have artistic merit. **1. CREATES BEAUTY** art is *[an expression of our thoughts]* it is the communication of ideas that cannot be shown by words alone. **2. COMMEMORATES EXPERIENCE** arts *[serves to record the artist's impression]* in his world and to convey his/her personal experience. **3. CREATES HARMONY** an artist make *[use of the composition to put an order in the diverse content]* of his/her work **4. PROVIDES DECORATION** artists *[create an entertaining environment.]* it's *[meant to beautify things to please and amuse the viewers]* through their colors and patterns. **5. REVEALS TRUTH** it is a *[language that send messages to the souls of the recipients that help change their attitudes]*, their sensibility, and their ethics. **6. EXPRESSES VALUES** through arts, the *[artist will be encouraged to develop their creativity, challenge, and communication skills.]* it also *[promotes self-esteem and wellness.]* **𝒞𝒶𝓉𝑒𝑔𝑜𝓇𝒾𝑒𝓈 𝑜𝒻 𝒜𝓇𝓉** [⍟ **VISUAL ART**] these arts are those forms that [create primary visual works.] **1. Architecture** - - **2. Drawing** - - **3. Painting** - - **4. Photography** - **5. Sculpture** - - [⍟ **PERFORMING ART**] these arts are those forms in which the [artist used his/her own body, face, and presence as a medium.] **1. Dance** - **2. Film** - **3. Installation Art** - - **4. Theatre (Drama)** - **5. Music** - **6. Opera** - **7. Stagecraft** - - [⍟ **LITERARY ART**] these arts are **centered on creative writing**, which includes prose and poetry. [⍟ **APPLIED ART**] these arts are **focused on the application of diverse designs and decorations** in any object to become aesthetically pleasing to the viewers. **1. Digital/Graphic Design** - - **2. Fashion Design** - **3. Furniture Design** - **4. Interior Design** - **THE VALUE OF ARTS IN EDUCATION** ❤ **Arts are worth studying** - they [serve to connect our imaginations with the most profound questions] of human experience. ❤ **Arts are used everyday** - it [helps to present issues] and ideas to teach, persuade, and entertain people. ❤ **Arts are connected to every person's daily life -** [they shaped our **economic**], cultural, political, social, and spiritual movements. ❤ **Arts are energizing** - it [offers unique **sources of enjoyment**]**,** and it investigates the relationship between thought and actions. **LESSON 2: AESTHETICS ARTS & CRAFTS** **CITATIONS** **[RADER, 1979]** *[**aesthetics arts are the principle**s governing the nature and appreciation of beauty]*, especially in visual art. **[DUTTON, 1990]** it *[**tends to produce things** for various human purposes,]* and tend to exhibit their prettiness around a goal external to the object itself. \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- **AESTHETICS** from Greek word "eisthesis**"** meaning "**[perception]"** a [branch of Philosophy **devoted to the study of art and beauty**] [⍟ **ALEXANDER BAUMGARTEN (1714-1762)**] a [German] Philosopher (48 yrs old) used the [Aesthetics] in **[18th century]** **CRAFT** from [German word] "kraft**"** meaning "**power**" and "**ability**" it usually **[employed in branches of decorative arts or associated practice.]** **ARTS AND CRAFTS** involves [activities related to make things that require a combination of skills, speed, and patience]. [⍟ **WILLIAM MORRIS (1834-1986)**] Born on **[March 24, 1834]** in *Waltham Stow, England* Died on **[Oct 4, 1986]** in *London, England* (age 62) [ *motivated the arts and crafts in Europe*] during **[19th century]** as design reform as a social movement. a [proponent of socialist] ideals -- believed that a designer should have a skill of any media in producing designs. **TYPES OF ARTS AND CRAFTS** **1. TEXTILE CRAFTS** many countries are **known for their customary textiles** showing unique design of their nation's origin. **[TYPES OF TEXTILE CRAFTS]** **1. Cross-Stitch** **➭** a [popular form of counted thread embroidery] in which an **X-shaped stitches** is used form **2. Crocket** **➭** a process of [creating a fabric from yarn], thread, or other material strands **3. Sewing** **➭** a fabric crafts of [fastening or attaching objects using stitches] made angles **to form a fabric cloth.** **4. Tatting** **➭** a [skill for handcrafting, particularly, in making] **durable lace** which is constructed by a **series of knots and loops.** **5. Shoemaking** **➭** a skill for **manufacturing a footwear.** **6. Lace** **➭** a fabric [patterned with **open holes**] in the work, made by hand or machine. **7. Macrame** **➭** a form of making textile in which [needs few tools and just some **pure knowledge of basic knotting.**] **8. Millinery** **➭** the [designing and manufacturing of **hats**.] **9. String Arts** **➭** an [arrangement of colored thread] strung between points **to form an abstract geometric design.** **2. WOOD CRAFTS** refers to **skill that pertains to the woods.** **[TYPES OF WOOD CRAFTS]** **1. Carpentry** **➭** a [skilled trade in cutting, shaping, and installation of building materials] during the **building construction.** **2. Marquetry** **➭** art/craft of **applying pieces of veneer (thin slices of wood)** to a structure of wood design. **3. Woodturning** **➭** woodworking that is [used to create **wooden objects**] **(furnitures)** **4. Wood Carving** **➭** woodworking that creates a **wooden figure of objects** by [using knife or chisel] **5. Cabinetry** **➭** a skill in [**making a box-shaped furniture** with doors and drawers] for keeping various objects. **6. Upholstery** **➭** the art of [creating **cushion** and furniture.] **3. METAL CRAFTS** the art of **making artistic design in metal, both practical and aesthetic purposes.** **[TYPES OF METAL CRAFTS]** **1. Jewelry** **➭** form of **personal decorations** [such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, and bracelets.] **2. Metal Casting** **➭** a process which material like [bronze, copper, glass aluminum, and **iron poured into a mold**]**,** which **contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape.** **3. Welded Sculpture** **➭** art form in which the [statue is made using **welding techniques.** ] **4. PAPER/CANVAS CRAFTS** refers to an **incredibly durable plain-woven** **fabric** used for making backpacks, tents, marquees, and others sustainable items. **[TYPES OF PAPER CRAFTS]** **1. Bookbinding** **➭** process of [**assembling a book** from some folded or unfolded paper.] **2. Card Making** **➭** a [**hand-made method** for **producing cards.**] **3. Collage** **➭** technique in **[assembling different forms] from materials t[o create artworks.]** **4. Origami** **➭ paper folding** practiced by the [Japanese culture.] **5. Paper Mache** **➭** a [composite material consisting of **paper pulp**]**,** sometimes reinforced with textiles, **bound with an adhesive.** **6. Scrapbooking** **➭** a [method of arranging, preserving, and presenting personal and family history in a **book form.**] **7. Rubber Stamping** **➭** a craft wherein **[the ink is applied to the pattern that carved]** or molded [into the rubber sheet.] **5. PLANT CRAFTS** refers to a **skill, using plant parts as medium.** **[TYPES OF PLANT CRAFTS]** **1. Corn Dolly Making** **➭** the [making of shapes and figures] (dollies) f**rom straw such as barley, oats, and wheat.** **2. Floral Design** **➭** art of using [plant materials and **flowers to create a pleasing and balanced composition.**] **3. Pressed Flower Craft** **➭** consist of **drying flower petals** or leaves in a **flower press to flatten.** **PRINCIPLES OF ARTISTIC DESIGN** **1. HARMONY** when all **[elements interrelate with one artwork]**, visual harmony is achieved. **2. VARIETY** achieved by using **different elements** within an artwork. **3. BALANCE** refers to **even and equal distribution of elements.** **4. MOVEMENT** used to **create an impression of action [ ]**in an artwork. **5. EMPHASIS** an artist creates a **focal point** within an artwork. **6. PROPORTION** **sizes of elements** in an artwork are [combined harmoniously.] **7. RHYTHM** [repetition]; **use of visual pattern** within an artwork. **PURPOSES OF ART** ❤ **Art for Acting** - art may **pursue to [bring an specific emotion]**[, to relax, or to entertain the viewer.] ❤ **Arts for Healing** - art is also [performed by **clinical psychologist**s and **art therapists**.] ❤ **Art for Political Change -** one of the **essential functions of art**: [in 20th century] it was used **to bring out legislative modification.** ❤ **Art for Propaganda** - art is **used to influence popular ideas** or moods delicately. ❤ **Art for Communication -** art **has a goal, directed toward another individual.** Humanities -- Latin Art -- Latin Aesthetic -- Greek Craft -- German **MIDTERMS** **LESSON 3: PREHISTORIC** **WESTERN ART** **(20,000-8,00 B.C.E)** **CITATIONS** ✯ **ANNENBERG FOUNDATION, 2017** it helps to understand how others lived and what they valued. ✯ **MEYER, 2019** it helps to discover, authenticate, who a particular art object ✯ **HONOUR AND FLEMING, 2005** prehistoric arts are artworks done by ancient people before the invention of writing. It is a symbolic practice that is an integral segment of the culture that originates from it ✯ **OLIQUIANO, 2012** medieval art in europe grew out of artistic culture of the roman empire and iconographic practices in the church of the early Christian Historically, human nature to create art id common Art is an approach of human being to communicate his/her feelings. history of art reflects the remnant of the civilization, the study of art and artworks, and the lives of the artists illuminate much about our shared pasts it also helped to appreciate the stylistic and recognized development of artistic practices on a large scale and within a broad historical viewpoint history of ar also covers the entire history of humankind since prehistoric times **4 MAIN PERIODS OF ANCIENT ARTS** 1. 2. 3. 4. ❤ Remaining artifacts during prehistoric period are **small sculpture & cave painting** ❤ various forms of art were created and performed as a way of communication to the deity. - - ❤ ancient people represented their worldviews throught images (animals-their fav subj) Ancient Artworks their expressions for beauty and.complex socio-spiritual spirits 1. 2. 3. 4. **Yey walang midterms** \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- **FINALS** **LESSON 7: BASIC SCULPTURE** **[THE ORIGIN OF SCULPTURE]** came from **Latin** word **["sculpere" = "to carve"]** tools used in sculpture are varied and changing throughout history. it engages our sense differently than painting because it occupies space as 3D mass thru carving, casting, modeling, and assembling materials. it has sought to produce artworks that are permanent and are working durable and expensive materials such as bronze granite, limestone, marble, and stone. **[IMPORTANCE OF SCULPTURE]** sculpture is a perceptive-regeneration of reality thru the use of 3D form. it's objective is to exemplify a concept by forming a visual equivalent. humans and animal body has been it's primary subjects making of sculptures is a expressing religious, personal, and political views. this kind of artwork is meant to create sense of patriotism, pride, greatness, and spiritual respect. statues and sculptures has always been an integral part of the museums and arts history. they become more popular as decoration items in private homes and office facilities. **TYPES OF SCULPTURE** **1. Bust** **➭** sculpted and painted representation of the **[upper part of the human figure.]** **2. Statue** **➭ [life-size or larger size of a sculpture]** of a person or an animal. **3. Architectural** **➭** a universal **[classification to describe structural design.]** **4. Relief** **➭** Latin verb **["Levo" = "to raise"]** **➭** to give notion that the sculpted materials have been raised above the canvas. **➭** this is projected into 3D space. The back of the sculpture is not meant to be seen. **MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUES IN SCULPTURE** ❤ **CARVING** **➭** produce in **[cutting away objects til the desired design is achieved.]** **1. Stone Carving** **➭** [requires patience and planning;] *hammer, chisel* **2. Wood Carving** **➭** [shaping objects of wood;] *cutting tools* ❤ **CASTING** **➭** liquid material is poured into a frame/pattern, which contains a hollow cavity of desired shape then allow to harden. **1. Glass Casting** **➭** [shaping act of rough pcs of natural stone;] *hammer, chisel* **2. Slip Casting** **➭** [mass production of pottery] ❤ **MOLDING** **➭ [working of soft or plastic materials by hand]** to build up shape; to create form. ❤ **ASSEMBLAGE** **➭** additive process of **[gathering diff. materials and create an assembled artworks. ]** **BASIC SCULPTURE TERMS** **1. Armature** **➭ [skeleton-like framework]** used for support **2. Base** **➭** **[portion of work which *sculpture rest* ]** **3. Craftsmanship** **➭** **[*a skill* which one uses tools/mats to produce art.]** **4. Plaster of Paris** **➭** **[fine white powder]** that *sets hard when mixed w/water* **5. Freestanding** **➭** method **[when a sculpture is intended to view from all sides.]** **6. Manipulation** **➭** process of **[shaping an object *by skilled worker*]** **7. Replica** **➭** precise **[*reproduction* of an artwork]** **LESSON 8: MUSIC** **[THE ORIGIN AND IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC]** **Greek** word **["Mousike" = "Art of the Muses"]** art of arranging tones in orderly manner **[THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN HUMAN LIFE]** art of music are fundamental functions and essential parts of human life. **ELEMENTS OF MUSIC** **1. Harmony** **➭** [Greek] word **"Harmonia" = "Joint/Agreement"** **➭ [verticalization of the pitch]**; the art of combining pitches into chords. **2. Key** **➭ [tonality;]** *feeling of completion* **3. Melody** **➭** [Greek] word **"Melodia" = "Singing/Chanting"** **➭ [tune of a song]** **4. Pitch** **➭** [perceptual property]; ***lowness or highness*** **5. Tempo** **➭** [speed]; ***how slow or fast*** **6. Texture** **➭** how harmonic materials are combined **Monophonic** - *[single]* melodic line **Polyphonic** - *[two or more]* melodic line **Homophonic** - *[main melody]* accompanied by chords **7. Timbre** **➭** [quality of the sound] that **[distinguishes one voice/instrument from another]** **LESSON 9: PHOTOGRAPHY** **[THE ORIGIN OF PHOTOGRAPHY]** **Greek** word **["Photos/phos" = "Light/Drawing"]** **Photography** is the art in creating or drawing durable images by recording light using either photographic film or image sensor. **[IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOGRAPHY]** human photographs share so much meaning about who we are as individuals. **TYPES OF PHOTOGRAPHY** **1. Aerial Photography** **➭** taking photos of the ground **[from elevated position]** **2. Astrophotography** **➭** taking **[images from space]** (stars, planets) **3. Commercial Photography** **➭** done **[for marketing]** (advertising) **[TYPES OF COMMERCIAL PHOTOGRAPHY]** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. **4. Fine Art Photography** **➭** *highly captures images* that **[have an abstract influence.]** **5. Forensic Photography** **➭** *crime scene photography. [ ]***[accurate representation of the scene of the crime.]** **6. Headshot Photography** **➭ focuses mainly on the person's face** [(mug shots)] **7. Macro Photography** **➭ [close-up images]** of a particular theme **8. Nature Photography** **➭** main objects **[has something to do w/nature]** **9. Nude Photography** **➭ [portrayal of the human body in *naked* form]** **10. Portrait Photography** **➭** *capturing the mood of the person*, **[emphasis on the face and expression of the person]** **11. Still Life Photography** **➭** capturing **[objects that are deliberately grouped to create particular composition]** **12. Travel Photography** **➭** capturing images of a particular landscape, and everything ***[from different places.]*** **LESSON 10: DRAMA** **[THE ORIGIN OF PHOTOGRAPHY]** **Greek** word **["Drao" = "To do/to act"]** **Drama** is a play that is acted out; reflection of the everyday lives of people. **ELEMENTS OF DRAMA** **1. Audience** **➭ [body of theatre goers]** **2. The Dialogue** **➭** the *playwright* used two or more characteristic to be engaged in **[conversation.]** **3. Plot** **➭ [order of events]** occurred in play **4. Stagecraft** **➭ [technical aspects of theatrical production]** **5. Convention** **➭** *technique of action*; [ **create desired dramatic effect**] **6. Genres** **➭ [types of acts used in drama]** **7. Characterization** **➭** Protagonist - leading character **➭** Antagonist - is the opposition **TYPES OF DRAMA** **1. Tragedy** **➭ [downfall of the protagonist]** **2. Comedy** **➭** amusing and **[humorous in its tone]**; cheerful ending **3. Problem Play** **➭** deals with **[controversial social issue in a realist manner.]** **4. Farce** **➭** *comedy that turns around* **[impossible and exaggerated events.]** **5. Fantasy** **➭** often romantic, and contains **[supernatural]**, magic, secret societies, and revenge. **6. Melodrama** **➭ [ ]**plot is **[designed to appeal strong emotions ]** **𝐺𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑘!** **\~ 𝑥𝑜𝑥𝑜, 𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑎 \