IT 301 – Application Development and Emerging Tech.pdf

IT 301 – Application Development and Emerging Technologies range of sectors, transforms an industry, Emerging Technology and exerts much enhanced economic - Businessdictionary.com defines “new influence. technologies...

IT 301 – Application Development and Emerging Technologies range of sectors, transforms an industry, Emerging Technology and exerts much enhanced economic - Businessdictionary.com defines “new influence. technologies that are currently developing or will be developed over the 4. )Uncertainty and ambiguity: next five to ten years, and which will Uncertainty and ambiguity are key substantially alter the business and starting concepts for a wide variety of social environment.” science and technology studies that focus on the role of the expectations in -Some people consider emerging technological emergence. technologies as innovations of existing 5. technologies, which are used creatively Computer Hardware/Hardware for modernity. For example, artificial -set of physical parts or can be seen intelligence was first developed in the from the naked eye. 1950s. However, up to date, this is still considered an emergingtechnology Hardware Components because this development is still Central Processing Unit (CPU): The progressing and is embedded in various brain of the computer where most research areas. calculations take place. It executes instructions from software. (5) main characteristics and how technologies emerge: Memory (RAM): Temporary storage that holds data and instructions currently 1.) Radical novelty: Emerging in use. technology may take the form of progressing technology. Novelty or Storage: Devices that store data newness can also be generated by permanently, such as Hard Drives putting existing technology to a new use. (HDDs), Solid State Drives (SSDs), and Optical Drives (e.g., CD/DVD drives). Emerging technologies are radically novel. Motherboard: The main circuit board that houses the CPU, memory, and other 2.) Relatively fast growth: Emerging essential components, and allows them technologies show relatively fast growth to communicate. rates compared to non emerging technologies. Input Devices: Tools for entering data into a computer, such as keyboards, 3. ) Coherence: Emerging technology mice, and scanners. is a convergence of previously separated research streams and technologies that Output Devices: Components that have already moved beyond the purely present data from the computer, conceptual stage. including monitors, printers, and speakers. Coherence refers to the internal characteristics of a group being united Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): and having logical interconnection. Specialized processor for rendering graphics and handling complex visual 4.) Prominent impact: Emerging calculations. technology provides benefits for a wide Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) – electrical power from an outlet into Technology that store more information usable power for the computer's than a CD-ROM and can be written. components. File – A collection of data with a name. Terminologies Application – A computer program that Flash Drive – This is a small portable does specific tasks such as word hard drive that plugs into a USB port processing or spreadsheets. and allows you to transport files between different computers. Also Bit – Represents a binary digit which is called a thumb drive. the amount of information obtained by asking a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ question. Graphical User Interface (GUI) -A program that helps you more easily Blinking Cursor – This is a vertical work with you operating system and blinking bar that locates the position on application programs by providing the screen where text can be inserted or pictures and visual clues to help you deleted. This appears most frequently in work. Windows is the GUI on PCs. text or dialog boxes. Hard Drive – The place where programs Byte – Data is stored on a computer in and files are stored in a computer. Bytes. A byte is one character, which may be a number or letter. A byte is Random Access Memory (RAM) – The composed of 8 consecutive bits. amount of temporary storage that you can use at one time. Memory stores 1,000 bytes = 1 kilobyte (K or KB) ends when the computer is shut down. 1,000 KB = 1 megabyte (MB) 1,000 MB = 1 gigabyte (GB) ∙ 1,000 Modem – This is a way to transfer data GB = 1 Terabyte (TB) through a telephone or cable line generally by the Internet. It may be Cache- This is a type of memory and is internal or external. Some modems are similar to RAM. Cache is used by the used to fax or act as answering machines. computer to move data between the RAM and CPU. Monitor – Similar to a television screen, the monitor allows you to see the data CD-ROM – A removable disk that on your computer. stores data. A CD-ROM can only be read. Motherboard – The circuit board that functioning parts of the computer CD-Rewritable disk. This is most often connect to the motherboard. The CPU, called a CD. A CD looks like a music RAM and cache all plug into the CD, but contains data instead of music motherboard.. Computer Network Topologies CPU – The CPU (central processing unit), is the brain of the computer. New Mesh Topology -Each device is Windows-based programs use a Pentium connected to every other device on the processor primarily. network through a dedicated point-to- point link. Star Topology- Each device in the Characteristics of Software network is connected to a central device called hub. Unlike Mesh topology, star Functionality: Describes the topology doesn’t allow direct performance of the software contrary to communication between devices, a its intended purpose. device must have to communicate through hub. Reliability: Describes the ability of the software to deliver required capability Bus Topology- The main cable and all under the given restrictions. the devices are connected to this main cable through drop lines. There is a Usability: Describes the extent to which device called tap that connects the drop the software can be utilized with ease. line to the main cable. Efficiency: Describes the ability of the Ring Topology- Each device is software to use system in an effective connected with the two devices on either and efficient manner of the available side of it. There are two dedicated point resources. to point links a device has with the devices on the either side of it. This Maintainability: Describes the ease that structure forms a ring thus it is known as can be made in several modifications in ring topology. a software system to extend its functionality, performance improvement, Hybrid Topology- Combination of two or errors correction. or more topology is known as hybrid topology. Portability: Describes the ease of the For example, a combination of star and developers in which can transfer mesh topology is known as hybrid software from one platform to another, topology. in minimal or no changes. Software Classification of Software - is a set of instructions, data or System Software- It is a set of programs, programs used to operate computers and which is in charge in utilizing computer execute specific tasks. It is the opposite resources efficiently and effectively. of hardware, which describes the This class of software operates and physical aspects of a computer. commands the core functions of a computer system. - is a generic term used to refer to applications,scripts and programs that Real-time software- ensures an answer run on a device. It can be thought of as to an outside event within a specified the variable part of a computer, while period of time. The software that hardware is the invariable part. examines, evaluates, and commands real world events as they take place. - is a collection of instructions that tell a computer how to work. Business Software- This is a software that holds relevant data from a database ISO 9126 in which users can access to be used in a specific transaction such as payroll, - defined as an international standard accounting, inventory and the like. for software assessment Engineering and scientific software -This software is meant to execute  Coding bugs is a program that accurate computations on complicated produces an incorrect and statistical data that are attained during unexpected result. real time environment. Adaptive maintenance -Is the execution Artificial intelligence (AI) software of modifications in a part of the system, -Software that is competent which affects by a change that happened of rational behavior.” in some other part of the system. Web-based software- This class of Perfective Maintenance- refers to the software acts as an crossing point evolution of requirements and features between the user and the Internet. Data in your existing system. on the Internet is in the form of text, audio, or video format, linked with Input Devices hyperlinks. - devices that allows the user to input Personal computer (PC) software- This data into a computer and be able to class of software is used for both formal interact with it and personal use. This software is used predominantly in almost every field, Examples of Input Devices whether home, school, business, and the like. It has emerged as a versatile tool 1. Light Pen - a pointing device that for routine applications. similarly works as a pen. Its function is to select, scroll, and Software Maintenance draw on the monitor. 2. Trackball - is similar to mouse and - plays vital role in producing quality using without movement like a results or output.Modifying and mouse. updating software application is the 3. Touch Screen - By simply touching main purpose of software maintenance, with the finger on the screen, the after delivery to correct errors and to user can operate the whole device. enhance performance. 4. Digitizer - it converts the information into digital form. Types of Software Maintenance 5. Scanner - It is works based on the Corrective maintenance - Deals with principle of photocopying. the day to day systems functions to 6. Optical Character Reader - It repair faults and defects. Software works with the combination of design, logic and coding where bugs and scanner and software, which is defects can be found. known as character recognition software.  Design bugs occur when changes 7. Optical Mark Reader (OMR) - made to the software are incomplete, This device is working based on incorrect or change of request is optical scanning of marks made by misunderstood. either pen or pencil.  Logical bugs result from incorrect 8. Barcode - is the unique code test and conclusions, invalid test of represented by the image having a data, wrong logic flow, and series different thickness of lines incorrect implementation of designs. like some of lighter and some are darker in black color. 9. Magnetic Ink Card Reader - used enabled device without having to be in banks for processing of a huge connected to a fixed physical link. number of cheque transactions. 10. Electronic Card Reader - These The Main 3 concepts involves: are used to read a small plastic type ⮚ Mobile hardware of electronic card, which has encoded data. ⮚ Mobile communication 11. Microphone - we can input data in ⮚ Mobile software the sound form and after converted into digital form. Mobile Communication 12. Joystick - is also a pointing device, which is used to move the cursor - Refers to the infrastructure put in Place position on a monitor screen. to ensure that seamless and reliable communication goes on. Output Devices Mobile Hardware - devices that receives data from the computer. -Includes mobile devices or device components that receive or access the Examples of Output Devices service of mobility Mobile Software 1. Projector - projects an image onto a large surface, such as a white screen or -Is the actual program that runs on the wall. mobile hardware 2. plotter - is a printer designed for C Wireless Technology printing vector graphics. 3. Monitor -It forms images from tiny -Is a generation of standards for Mobile dots, called pixels that are arranged in a phones and mobile telecommunication rectangular form. services fulfilling the International 2.14 4. Braille reader -is an electronic Global Positioning System device that allows a blind person to read the text displayed on a computer - Is a space-based satellite navigation monitor system That provides location and time 5. GPS is a satellite navigation system information in all weather, anywhere on used to determine the ground position of or near the earth. an object. Long term Evolution (LTE) 6. 3D printer -is a device that creates a -Is a standard for wireless physical object from a digital model by communication of high-speed data for layering materials. mobile phones and data terminals. 7. Interactive whiteboards - like traditional whiteboards but you need to LWiMax use special pens to write or draw. -Is a wireless Communications standard 8. Altenative Display - Is a computer designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit- output that surface and projecting per-second data Rates. mechanism that shows text and often graphic images to the computer user Near Field Communication Mobile Computing -is a set of standards for smartphones and similar Devices to establish radio -Computing is a technology that allows communication with each other by transmission of data, voice and video touching them together via a computer or any other wireless  Wearable Computer Pervasive Computing -A computer device worn on the body -is a field of study based on the concept particularly wrist. of what happens when computers move away from the desktop Classification of Wearable Computer Sensor-nets 1. Smart Glass- it offers useful -consist of spatially distributed devices capabilities to the user. It includes communicating through wireless radio displays that add information alongside and cooperatively sensing physical or to what the wearer sees. or environmental conditions. 2. Google Glass - the most famous and multifunctional device 3. Smart Glass - identify faces and compare them to other photos. 4. Smart Watch- is a portable device designed to be worn on the wrist that supports apps and runs on mobile OS. 5. Head- Mounted Display - is a display device worn on the head that has a small display optic in front of one or each eye. 6. Virtual Reality Headset - is a HMDs combined with IMUs which is a sensor used to calculate and reports an exact force and direction of the body. 7. Optical Head- Mounted Display - is a wearable display that can reflect projected images and allows a user to see through it. 8. Smart Clothing - category of wearable computers that are gaining momentum. 9. High-end Smart Garments -can be printed on a 3D printer and is washed without removing the sensors that contains implemented sensors that track numerous types of data at once. 10. Teslasuit -is a human-to-digital interface designed to monitor human behavior and improve performance 11. Virtual reality -is the use of computer technology to create a simulated environment. 12. Cave automatic Virtual Environment - is a virtual reality (VR) environment consisting of a cubeshaped VR room that actively display virtual content onto room-sized screens.