AP World History Semester Exam PDF

=AP WORLD HISTORY: MODERN Test Booklet Copy of AP World History Semester Exam 1. Which of the following societies engaged in extensive maritime trade well beyond their borders in the fifteenth century? (A) Mesoamericans in the Pacific Ocean (B) Bantu peoples in the Indian Ocean...

=AP WORLD HISTORY: MODERN Test Booklet Copy of AP World History Semester Exam 1. Which of the following societies engaged in extensive maritime trade well beyond their borders in the fifteenth century? (A) Mesoamericans in the Pacific Ocean (B) Bantu peoples in the Indian Ocean (C) Chinese in the Indian Ocean (D) Russians in the Pacific Ocean 2. After the expansion of Islam into Africa, an organized Christian presence remained in (A) Egypt and Ethiopia (B) Morocco (C) Mauritania and Tunisia (D) the areas along the Silk Road (E) Algeria 3. The photograph above of Angkor Wat in Cambodia is an example of (A) the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia (B) the wealth created by the spice trade (C) Japanese architecture (D) Hindu influence in Southeast Asia (E) the Chinese reconquest of Indochina  AP World History: Modern Page 1 of 17 Test Booklet Copy of AP World History Semester Exam 4. “I am a griot … we are vessels of speech; we are the repositories which harbor secrets many centuries old. Without us the names of kings would vanish into oblivion. We are the memory of mankind; by the spoken word we bring to life the deeds and exploits of kings for younger generations. … I teach kings the history of their ancestors so that the lives of the ancients might serve them as an example, for the world is old, but the future springs from the past.” An African griot (storyteller), circa 1950, introducing the oral epic of King Sundiata of Mali, composed circa 1400 C.E. The introduction by the griot is intended to serve which of the following purposes? (A) To establish the griot’s authority by connecting him to the past (B) To exalt the Malian kings above previous dynasties (C) To highlight the griot’s unique abilities as compared to other griots (D) To portray Mali as a progressive society that is improving on the past 5. The Mongol conquests of much of Eurasia in the thirteenth century tended to encourage trade along the Silk Roads primarily by (A) opening large new markets for both European and East Asian goods in Central Asia (B) increasing the demand for military supplies needed by the Mongol armies that occupied various regions (C) decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the number of local rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans (D) discouraging seaborne trade along the Indian Ocean routes that competed with the Silk Roads 6. Which of the following was the most important factor in the spread of the bubonic plague in Eurasia? (A) The Mongol expansion from central Asia to China, eastern Europe, and the Middle East (B) The consolidation of western European monarchies (C) The spread of Buddhism from central Asia to China (D) The population decline and the outbreak of peasant revolts in eastern Europe 7. The founder of Buddhism developed a religion centered on (A) belief in heaven (B) regulation of social interactions (C) support of the caste system (D) elimination of desire and suffering (E) monotheism 8. Which of the following most encouraged the development of new cities such as Cahokia along the Mississippi River, Swahili city-states on the East African Coast, Venice on the Mediterranean coast, and Hangzhou on China’s coast during the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.? (A) Decreases in regional warfare (B) Intensification of regional trade (C) Migration of populations from pastoral societies (D) Development of mass production techniques 9. The increased food production accompanying the introduction of Champa rice into China from Vietnam during the eleventh century best illustrates which of the following? (A) The reliance of China on food imports (B) The importance of Vietnam to the world economy (C) The stimulation of agriculture by technological innovation (D) The influence of China on neighboring societies 10. The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1200 to 1400 C.E. best support which of the following conclusions? (A) The Mongol conquests had a more disruptive impact on the Middle East and Central Asia than they had on East Asia. (B) The emergence of the Ottoman Empire significantly increased the percentage of major urban centers in Europe. (C) The adoption of Champa rice during the Song dynasty significantly increased the share of China’s urban  population. (D) The outbreaks of bubonic plague greatly reduced urban populations across Eurasia. 11. Which of the following best describes the relationship that the Chinese and Aztec empires had with their respective peripheral states during the fifteenth century C.E.? (A) Both empires used military force to severely limit the sovereignty of their peripheral states to their core states. (B) Both empires welcomed the diffusion of cultural traditions from their peripheral territories. (C) Both empires established tributary relationships with their peripheral states. (D) Both empires actively sought to assimilate the citizens of their peripheral states into their respective core cultures. “Emperor Zhengzong, being deeply concerned with agriculture, came to know that the Champa rice was drought resistant and that the green lentils of India were famous for their heavy yield and large seeds. Special envoys, bringing precious things, were dispatched with a view to securing these varieties.... When the first harvests were reaped in the autumn, the emperor called his closest ministers to taste them and compose poems for Champa rice and Indian green lentils.” Shu Wenying, Buddhist monk, China, eleventh century C.E. 12. Which of the following made possible the Chinese cultivation of the staple crops described in the passage? (A) The creation of new forms of governance in China during the Song dynasty (B) The intensification of regional trade networks in East and South Asia (C) The diffusion of Buddhism into China (D) The creation of diasporic trade communities along the Silk Road 13. Abbasid reliance on Persian bureaucrats and the introduction of Confucianism to Japanese political institutions both illustrate which of the following processes? (A) The integration of conquered peoples into existing social and political structures (B) The synthesis of foreign political traditions in the formation of new states (C) The influence of complex semireligious philosophies (D) The diffusion of cultural ideals as trading networks grew in complexity 14. The illustration above shows which of the following about the fifteenth century? (A) The relative number of ships produced by the Hangzhou shipyards and the Genoese shipyards (B) The beginning of a long period of Chinese domination of Indian Ocean trade (C) The meting of Vasco de Gama and Zheng He (D) The relative size of the European caravel and the Ming treasure ship (E) The use of the lateen sail 15. “Women leave their families to marry, and the husband is the master of the household they marry into.... The husband is to be firm, the wife soft; conjugal affections follow from this. While at home, the two of you should treat each other with the formality and reserve of a guest. Listen carefully to and obey whatever your husband tells you. If he does something wrong, gently correct him. Don’t be like those women who not only do not correct their husbands but actually lead them into indecent ways.” Wife of a Tang dynasty official The excerpt above best illustrates which of the following attributes of Confucianism? (A) The equality of all members of the family (B) The power of wives over their husbands outside the home (C) The virtues and duties of family members (D) The legitimacy of selling women to worthy families 16. The thirteenth-century map of Constantinople shown above indicates that the city (A) was located on an island (B) was highly fortified against outside attacks (C) tolerated many religions (D) looked down on trade and commerce (E) valued and rewarded people of all classes 17. Which of the following was an important continuity from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing dynasty in the seventeenth century? (A) The ongoing assimilation of Manchu cultural traditions by the imperial elite (B) Maintenance of the Silk Roads to promote cultural exchanges with the Middle East (C) The use of the examination system and other Confucian bureaucratic practices (D) Financial support for maritime expeditions similar to those led by Zheng He 18. In the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E., states in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam had which of the following  in common? (A) All successfully excluded European merchants. (B) All were conquered by the Mongols. (C) All rejected both Buddhism and Christianity. (D) All were culturally influenced by China. “One of the things that struck me most in Peru was its great, splendid highways, and I wondered how many men it must have required to build them and what tools and instruments were used to level the mountains and cut through the rock to make them as broad and good as they are. It seems to me that if the king of Spain wanted to build a highway from Quito to Cuzco, I do not think that he could do it even with all of his power unless he followed the method that the Inca employed. When an Inca king decided to build one of these highways, all he needed to do was give the command. Then, the inspectors would go through the provinces, laying out the highway’s route and assigning Indians to help build the road. In this way, the road was built in a short time from one boundary of the kingdom to the other. The Inca rulers built many of these roads and were so full of pride that when one ruler died, his heir would build his road larger and broader if he intended to set out on a conquest.” Pedro Cieza de León, Spanish soldier and historian, Chronicles of Peru, 1553 19. Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his argument about the pride of Inca rulers in the second paragraph? (A) Inca rulers followed the method of dynastic succession for passing political authority from one ruler to another. (B) Inca rulers performed religious ceremonies to bless the highways and those who traveled on them. (C) Inca rulers had officials assign men from the provinces to construct the highways. (D) Inca rulers typically tried to construct bigger and broader highways than their predecessors if they wanted to undertake conquests. 20. Which of the following resulted from the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire following the death of Genghis Khan? (A) The collapse of the Byzantine Empire (B) The development of khanates in Central Asia (C) The spread of Islam into East Asia (D) Increased trade between Africa and Asia 21. Which of the following accurately describes a significant difference between the Ottoman and Mughal Empires in the early seventeenth century? (A) The Mughals practiced religious tolerance toward non-Muslim subjects, while the Ottomans did not. (B) The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominately Muslim, while the Mughals did not.  (C) The Mughals used gunpowder weapons to expand their territory, while the Ottomans did not. (D) The Ottomans made Shia Islam the official state religion, while the Mughals made Buddhism the official state religion. JEAN-BAPTISTE DU HALDE, FRENCH HISTORIAN, ENGRAVING INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION OF CHINA, PUBLISHED IN PARIS, 1735 Everett Collection Inc / Alamy Stock Photo In the top panel, the engraving shows three Jesuit missionaries and scholars who served at the courts of Chinese emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasty in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In the bottom panel, the engraving shows two Chinese Christian converts: Xu Guangxi (left) and his granddaughter, Candida Xu (right). 22. All of the following statements about Du Halde are factually accurate. Which would most likely lead historians to question the objectivity of his portrayal of the scholars shown in the image? (A) He was the confessor to an important French noble. (B) He never traveled to China. (C) He based his observations of China on unpublished translations of Chinese texts. (D) He was a Jesuit and based his book on Jesuit missionary reports. TYPICAL SAILING ROUTES AND SCHEDULES OF OMANI MERCHANTS TRAVELING TO EAST AFRICA AND CHINA FROM MUSCAT, CIRCA 1400 C.E. 23. Based on the maps and your knowledge of world history, which of the following best describes the effect of the spread of Islam on Indian Ocean trade? (A) It led to the expansion and intensification of commerce along already existing trade routes. (B) It led to the disappearance of previously established trade networks. (C) It led to an expansion of land-based caravan trade but also to a decline of maritime trade. (D) It led to the first creation of trade links between previously isolated world regions. 24. Which of the following contributed to the Chinese government’s decision to stop voyages of exploration in the Indian Ocean in the early fifteenth century? (A) Armed resistance from Arab navies (B) Lack of sufficient Chinese goods for trade (C) The destruction of the Chinese fleet by typhoons (D) Government concern with domestic problems and frontier security (E) Fear of the spread of the plague to China 25. Which of the following describes a major cause of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries? (A) The Ottoman Empire successfully pursued mercantilist economic policies. (B) Ottoman citizens unified by their recent conversion to Islam were strongly motivated to conquer. ( C) Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the Ottomans advantages over many of their political rivals. (D) The decentralized federalism of the Ottoman Empire encouraged competition and technological innovation. Source 1 A Mughal painting depicting a Mughal official (the kneeling figure holding a piece of paper near the center of the image) and his companions meeting a group of Hindu holy men (sadhus), circa 1635 C.E. Source 2 Ms E-14, from a Moraqqa (gouache on paper), Indian School, (17th century) / Institute of Oriental Studies, St. Petersburg, Russia / Giraudon / Bridgeman Images Sayings attributed to Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, circa 1500 C.E. “Oh God, the tongue of man has given Thee numerous names; but ‘the Truth’ is Thy real name from time immemorial.” “We human beings are neither Hindus nor Muslims; but are bodies and soul of the Supreme Being; call Him Allah, or call Him Rama.” “Everyone is chanting: ‘Rama, Rama’; but mere repetition is no remembrance of Rama. Only when the heart of man becomes saturated with God is such remembrance fruitful.” “Worthless is caste and worthless an exalted name; for all humankind there is but a single refuge in God.” 26. Source 2 indicates that all of the following were likely factors contributing to Sikhism’s popularity in India EXCEPT: AP World History: Modern Page 11 of 17 Test Booklet Copy of AP World History Semester Exam (A) It offered a set of religious beliefs that combined elements of both Hinduism and Islam. (B) It advocated a direct and personal approach to God that paralleled Islamic beliefs. (C) It appealed to members of the lower socioeconomic strata by rejecting the rigid social hierarchy of Hinduism. (D) It offered a set of principles around which all Indians could rally in resisting British imperial encroachment “After leaving India, we arrived in Sumatra. It is a fertile area, in which coco-palm, clove, Indian aloe, mango, and sweet orange trees grow. Local commerce is facilitated by tin and Chinese gold. The sultan was informed of our visit and sent the judge and experts on Islamic law to meet me. The sultan is an illustrious and generous ruler and a patron of religious scholars. He is constantly waging war against the non-Muslims of Sumatra, but is a humble man who walks on foot to Friday prayers. The non-Muslims of the area must pay a poll-tax to obtain peace. One Friday after leaving the mosque, the sultan mounted an elephant and we and his entourage rode with him on horses until we reached the palace. Male musicians came into the audience hall and sang before him, after which they led horses into the hall. The horses were embroidered in silk and wore golden anklets and danced before the sultan. I was astonished, even though I had seen the same performance at the court of the Delhi sultan in India*. My stay at the sultan’s court lasted fifteen days, after which I asked his permission to continue my journey to China because it is not possible to sail to China at all times of the year. We then traveled to a kingdom on the Malay Peninsula aboard a Chinese ship. This kingdom is inhabited by non-Muslims and contains great quantities of aromatic spices and aloes. The merchants sell Indian aloe for a roll of cotton cloth, which is dearer to them than silk. The ruler is a non-Muslim. We then left the Malay Peninsula and sailed to another non-Muslim kingdom in Southeast Asia. After seventeen days at sea, with a favorable wind and sailing with maximum speed and ease, we reached the land of China.” *The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim state in northern India that was ruled by a Turkic elite. Ibn Battuta, Muslim traveler from North Africa, account of his journey to China, circa 1345 27. The purpose of Ibn Battuta’s account was most likely to (A) glorify himself by exaggerating the influence he had obtained over local rulers in Southeast Asia (B) warn Muslim merchants that China was beginning to dominate commerce in the Indian Ocean (C) encourage fellow Muslims in North Africa to participate more in maritime commerce (D) inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he 28. The map above demonstrates which of the following about the Indian Ocean trade?  (A) Monsoons prevented trade from taking place along the East African coast. (B) Europeans were active in bringing goods from West Africa to the Indian Ocean. (C) Trade involved most of the regions bordering the Indian Ocean as well as China. (D) The most important item traded across the Indian Ocean was silk. (E) Arab and Indian traders were better traders than the Chinese. 29. Which of the following statement regarding the tenets of Islam is accurate? (A) Islam is a monotheistic religion. (B) Muslims worship Muhammad. (C) Pilgrimage to Mecca commemorates the bith of Muhammad. (D) The Qur’an is meant to supplement Jewish and Christian scriptures. (E) Friday is an obligatory day of rest for Muslims. 30. Which of the following factors contributed most to Manchu expansion in Asia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? (A) The development of large trading companies (B) The adoption of Buddhist beliefs (C) The military alliances with western European states (D) The use of cannons and gunpowder 31. Malian Emperor Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 can best be understood in the context of which of the following? (A) The expansion of Islam throughout Afro-Eurasia (B) The development of new transportation technologies (C) The diffusion of African culture to the Middle East (D) The territorial expansion of West African empires 32. Which is the most likely reason that rulers during the seventeenth century built elaborate palaces such as the one at Versailles, France, shown above?  (A) To demonstrate their wealth and power (B) To provide jobs for artists, architects, and builders (C) To create fortresses as a defense against invading armies (D) To glorify and demonstrate the power of the official state religion 33. The responsibilities of aristocratic women in both feudal Japan and medieval Europe usually included (A) directing religious festivals (B) managing household supplies and finances (C) representing their families in courts of law (D) training their sons to be warriors (E) overseeing village schools and hospitals Page 14 of 17 AP World History: Modern Test Booklet Copy of AP World History Semester Exam “Concerning his greatest project, the Selimiye imperial mosque, Sinan himself said this: ‘Sultan Selim II [reigned 1566-1574] ordered the building of a great mosque in the city of Edirne. I, Sinan, his humble servant, prepared for him a design showing four minaret towers, each standing at one of the four corners of an enormous central prayer hall topped by a great dome. Each of the four minarets had three balconies, with separate staircases leading to each balcony. Previously only one Ottoman mosque had a minaret with three balconies, and its one minaret is like a thick tower. But the minarets I designed for Sultan Selim’s mosque are slender and elegant. The difficulty of putting three staircases in such slender structures should be obvious to anyone. Those among the Christians* who consider themselves architects used to say that no building can ever be covered by a dome that is larger than that of the Christian church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. They used to claim that no Muslim architect would ever be able to build a mosque whose dome even approaches in size that of the Hagia Sophia. Yet in the Selimiye mosque, with the help of God and with the support of His Majesty the Sultan, I was able to build a dome that is about 10 feet higher and 6 feet wider than the dome of the Hagia Sophia.’” *Sinan himself was born into an Ottoman Greek Christian family, but was converted to Islam when he began training for government service as a young boy. Sai Mustafa Chelebi, Ottoman court official, biography of the famous Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan, written circa 1600 34. Based on the intended purpose of Sinan's biography, it is most likely that the information in the passage might be (A) overstating the extent of the architectural challenges Sinan faced in building the mosque (B) understating the extent of Ottoman royal support for the building of the mosque (C) overstating Christian architects’ achievements and their contributions to the building on the mosque (D) intentionally attributing the building of the mosque to Sinan even though he was not the architect 35. Which of the following characteristics of the Ottoman Empire best explains why Sinan was determined to match the dimensions of the Hagia Sophia church, as discussed in the third paragraph? (A) The Ottoman dynasty was descended from Turkic pastoralist nomads who did not have their own tradition of monumental architecture. (B) Ottoman art often illustrated the historical and spiritual connections between Islam and other monotheistic religions, such as Christianity and Judaism. (C) By the time the Ottoman Empire began to expand, the Byzantine Empire had already been dramatically reduced in size and geopolitical importance. (D) Bringing Constantinople, with its imperial traditions, under Islamic rule was one of the central pillars of Ottoman rulers’ claims to political legitimacy. 36. Sinan’s service to the Ottoman state best illustrates the fact that land-based empires in the period 1450–1750 often relied on (A) appointed bureaucrats to break the power of entrenched landed aristocracies (B) mass conscription of soldiers to carry out their territorial expansion (C) methods of recruitment of officials that made use of the ethnic and religious diversity of their subjects (D) members of the clergy to perform religious services, administer religious law, and oversee public order 37. The spread of which of the following religious traditions was most directly facilitated by trade along the routes shown on the map? (A) Christianity (B) Buddhism (C) Islam (D) Judaism 38. Which of the following led most directly to the development of the trading network on the map? (A) The growth of trading cities on the Swahili Coast (B) Innovations in transportation and commercial technologies such as caravanserai (C) The overall decline in the trade of goods along the Silk Roads (D) The emergence of the trans-Atlantic slave trade in West Africa 39. Which of the following contributed most directly to an increase in trade along the routes on the map? (A) The expansion of empires such as Mali in West Africa (B) The expansion of the Mongol Empire across Eurasia  (C) The start of the Protestant Reformation in western Europe (D) The completion of the Christian Reconquista of Spain 40. In the period after circa 1450, trade along the routes shown on the map declined in large part because of the (A) decrease in the demand for African manufactured goods in Europe (B) collapse of European economies in the wake of the bubonic plague (C) disruption caused by the adoption of new gunpowder weapons (D) increase of maritime trade along the African coast 41. Between 200 B.C.E. and 1450 C.E., the Silk Roads linked which of the following? (A) The Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean (B) North Africa and western Europe (C) East Asia and the Mediterranean Sea (D) The Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea AP World History: Modern Page 17 of 17