AP World History Fall Semester Exam Review PDF

# AP World History Fall Semester Exam Review These statements are connected to the questions that will be asked on the AP World history final exam for fall semester. Read through and become familiar with them. 1. The economy of Song China flourished as a result of increased productive capacity, ex...

# AP World History Fall Semester Exam Review These statements are connected to the questions that will be asked on the AP World history final exam for fall semester. Read through and become familiar with them. 1. The economy of Song China flourished as a result of increased productive capacity, expanding trade networks, and innovations in agriculture and manufacturing. 2. Demand for luxury goods increased in Afro-Eurasia. Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and merchants expanded their production of textiles and porcelains for export; manufacture of iron and steel expanded in China. 3. The economy of Song China became increasingly commercialized, while continuing to depend on free peasant and artisanal labor. 4. As exchange networks intensified, an increased number of travelers within Afro-Eurasia wrote about their travels. 5. The expansion and intensification of long distance trade routes often depended on environmental knowledge, including advanced knowledge of the monsoon winds. 6. Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions, as well as scientific and technological innovations. 7. The developments included the production of new tools, innovations in ship designs, and an improved understanding of regional wind and currents patterns-all of which made transoceanic travel and trade possible. 8. The new global circulation of goods was facilitated by chartered European monopoly companies and the global flow of silver, especially from Spanish colonies in the Americas, which was used to purchase Asian goods for the Atlantic markets and satisfy Chinese needs. 9. Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade to establish large empires in both hemispheres. 10. As the Abbasid Caliphate fragmented, new Islamic political entities emerged, most of which were dominated by Turkic peoples. These states demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity. 11. Land empires included the Manchu in Central and East Asia; Mughal in South and Central Asia; Ottoman in Southern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa; and the Safavids in the Middle East. 12. Political rivalries between the Ottoman and Safavid empires intensified the split within Islam between Sunni and Shi'a. 13. Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. 14. Demand for luxury goods increased in Afro-Eurasia. Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and merchants expanded their production of textiles and porcelains for export; manufacture of iron and steel expanded in China. 15. The developments included the production of new tools, innovations in ship designs, and an improved understanding of regional wind and currents patterns-all of which made transoceanic travel and trade possible. Knowledge, scientific learning, and technology from the Classical, Islamic, and Asian worlds spread, facilitating European technological developments and innovation. 16. The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment thought that questioned established traditions in all areas of life often preceded revolutions and rebellions against existing governments. 17. European states as well as the United States and Japan acquired territories throughout Asia and the Pacific, while Spanish and Portuguese influence declined. 18. The Atlantic trading system involved the movement of labor-including enslaved people-and the mixing of African, American, and European cultures and peoples, with all parties contributing to this cultural synthesis. 19. Rights-based discourses challenged old assumptions about race, class, gender, and religion. 20. Many states, such as the Mughal and Ottoman empires, adopted practices to accommodate the ethnic and religious diversity of their subjects or to utilize the economic, political, and military contributions of different ethnic or religious groups. 21. Europeans established new trading-posts in Africa and Asia, which proved profitable for the rulers and merchants involved in new global trade networks. Some Asian states sought to limit the disruptive economic and cultural effects of European domination. 22. The rapid development of steam-powered industrial production in European countries and the U.S. contributed to the increase in these regions' share of global manufacturing during the first Industrial Revolution. 23. Mercantilist policies and practices were used by European rulers to expand and control their economies and claim overseas territories. Joint-stock companies, influenced by these mercantilist principles, were used by rulers and merchants to finance exploration. 24. The need for raw materials for factories and increased food supplies for the growing population in urban centers led to the growth of export economies around the world that specialized in commercial extraction of natural resources and the production 25. Some states with existing colonies strengthened their control over those colonies and in some cases assumed direct control over colonies previously held by non-state entities. Many European states used both warfare and diplomacy to expand their empires in Africa. 26. Between the two world wars, Western and Japanese imperial states predominantly maintained control over colonial holdings, and in some cases gained additional territories through conquest or treaty settlement, and in other cases faced anti-imperial resistance. 27. The rapid urbanization that accompanied global capitalism at times led to a variety of challenges, including pollution, poverty, increased crime, public health crises, housing shortages, and insufficient infrastructure to accommodate urban growth. 28. A variety of factors contributed to the growth of industrial production and eventually resulted in the Industrial Revolution, including- *Proximity to waterways; access to rivers and canals; *Geographical distribution of coal, iron, and timber; *Urbanization The expansion of U.S. and European influence in Asia led to internal reform in Japan that supported industrialization and led to the growing regional power of Japan in the Meiji Era 30. The release of greenhouse gases and pollutants into the atmosphere contributed to debates about the nature and causes of climate change. 31. Enlightenment ideas, and religious ideals, influenced various reform movements. These reform movements contributed to the expansion of rights, as seen in expanded suffrage, the abolition of slavery, and the end of serfdom. 32. The new global capitalist economy continued to rely on coerced and semicoerced labor migration, including slavery, Chinese and Indian indentured servitude, and convict labor. 33. Nationalist leaders and parties in Asia and Africa sought varying degrees of autonomy within or independence from imperial rule. 34. European states as well as the United States and Japan acquired territories throughout Asia and the Pacific, while Spanish and Portuguese influence declined. 35. Buddhism and its core beliefs continued to shape societies in Asia and included a variety of branches, schools, and practices. 36. Colonial subjects in the Americas led a series of rebellions, inspired by democratic ideals. The American Revolution, and its successful establishment of a republic, the United States of America, was a model and inspiration for a number of the revolutions 37. New state-supported transoceanic maritime exploration occurred in this period 1450-1750 38. Rulers used tribute collection, tax farming, and innovative tax collection systems to generate revenue, in order to forward state power and expansion. 39. The development of the factory system concentrated production in a single location and led to an increasing degree of specialization of labor 40. A deepening and widening of networks of human interaction within and across regions contributed to cultural, technological, and biological diffusion within and between various societies. 41. Rulers continued to use religious ideas, art, and monumental architecture to legitimize their rule. 42. The Protestant Reformation marked a break with existing Christian traditions and both the Protestant and Catholic Reformations contributed to the growth of Christianity. 43. State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, including the new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in South and Southeast Asia.