AP Term Assessment Reviewer T1 G8 PDF

AP Term Assessment Reviewer T1 G8 Geography The word itself comes from the Greek word Geo which means Land and Writing (Lupa at Pagsulat) Pangea This was the original Supercontinent that existed millions of years ago in which contained all the modern-day continents Oceans There...

AP Term Assessment Reviewer T1 G8 Geography The word itself comes from the Greek word Geo which means Land and Writing (Lupa at Pagsulat) Pangea This was the original Supercontinent that existed millions of years ago in which contained all the modern-day continents Oceans There are 5 Oceans in the world and they are the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arctic India While India is now a part of Asia, the Indian Subcontinent originated from Africa and due to continental drift, crashed into the modern-day Himalayas Limang Tema ng Heograpiya Lokasyon It refers to a place in the World Lokasyon Absolut [Lokasyon] This is determined using the imaginary Latitude and Longitude lines which combined can form a grid [Global Location] Street Address [Local Location] Relatibong Lokasyon [Lokasyon] This is determined via the Places/Landmarks that are located around it Lugar This refers to Characteristics that are unique to the area and are separated into two categories 1. The Characteristics of the surroundings [Katangiang ng Kinaroonan] 2. The Characteristics of the local population [Katangian ng mga taong naniniran] Katanian ng Kinaroonan [Lugar] This includes the Climate, Bodies of Water, Landforms, and Natural Resources Interaksyon ng Tao sa Kapaligiran The relationship or interaction of the people to the physical presence of Nature Paggalaw The migration of people towards a different location This also includes the movement of objects and natural phenomena such as Rain or Wind Historical Distortion Historical Distortion It is the changing of history Historical Revision It is the changing of history to serve a purpose, often to be morally right Kultura Kahulugan ng Kultura It is the totality of people’s collective view of their society 1  Mga Elemento ng Kultura (1.) Kaugalian [Norms] The manners or habits that become standard in society (2.) Pagpapahalaga [Values] The basis of what is viewed as right or wrong (3.) Paniniwala [Beliefs] They are the ideas or thoughts that are accepted as true by society (4.) Wika [Language] Sulat o Bigkas (5.) Sining at Panitikan [Arts and Literature] The Art and Literature are products of people’s imagination (6.) Simbolo [Symbols] They can be material things that give meaning however they could also be forms of non-verbal communication (7.) Rehiliyon [Religion] This is the belief and faith of people in Spirirts, People, Events, and especially Gods Panahong Pre-Historiko or Paleotiko [70,000 - 12,000 BC] History begins from when we first were able to read and write while Pre-history is everything before that This period in time takes place while we were unable to communicate via a form of language and used bones as their primary weapons Panahong Meolitiko [10,000 - 8,500 BC] This period in time has them now being able to use the land to plant crops and make shelters Panahong Neolitiko [9,000 - 1,800 BC] During this period they began creating and harvesting from farms, taking care of livestock, and cooking It was also during this period when they were able to create a proper form of language which could also be written Another new introduction during this period was their ability to Trade, Purchase, and Sell Bipedal This is the act of being able to walk on Two Feet This is the first sign of Man and is a considering factor when deciding who the direct descendants of Man actually were Bones/Fossils The main difference between Man and Monkey in terms of body is the Thumb as that is what allows us to be able to grip The skull of a Monkey/Gorilla is Triangular because due to their lack of intelligence, they did not have a need to develop the forehead area of the skull Homo Luzonensis Their fossils were found in Isabella on the island of Luzon 2 Homo Sapiens The Homo Sapiens were sometimes able to interbreed with Neanderthals hence why we got 2 percent of our blood from the Neanderthals Order of Evolution Hominid → Homo Habilis → Homo Erectus → Homo Sapiens ↓ Australopithecus Egypt Panimulang Kasaysayan Egypt was divided into Three Kingdoms because of two periods of instability The Three Kingdoms are the Lumang, Gitnang, and Bagong Kaharian which were ruled by Dynasties Society was Patriarchal so often only males became Pharoah/King Lumang Kaharian Also referred to as the 'Age of Pyramid' It began with the rule of Diyoser of the 3rd Dynasty, who also built the first Pyramid in Egypt This was a Time of Prosperity in Egypt There are 138 Pyramids in Egypt Pepi II [Pharoah] His reign lasted for 94 Years It was also during his time that the 1st Kingdom [Unang Kaharian] fell Gitnang Kaharian Began in the time of Mentuhotep II Began the worshiping of Ra Established the Pharoah’s official residence in Luxor, Egypt Hyksos They began in Western Asia They brought with them the powerful War Chariot, which was unheard of to the Egyptians as up to this point animals in warfare would only be used for transportation and not direct battle They began conquering while taking advantage of Egypt's decline Dynasty When the nation is ruled solely by a single-family Bagong Kaharian Began under the rule of Ahmose after the expulsion of Hyksos Hatshepsut became known as the 1st Female ruler of Egypt Egypt got a vast empire under the rule of Thutmose III A new Monotheistic Religion sprung up under Amenhotep IV Egypt reached its highest position under Ramses II Then the Kingdom of Egypt declined during the reign of Ramses III and was later conquered by the Persians, Greeks, and Romans Greece Geography of Greece 80% of the land is mountainous and the soil is rocky There is no Great River like that of the Nile or Indus to streamline agriculture The Mountains make it difficult to cross to the other side, thus slowing communication Half of the country consists of Islands while the other half is a Peninsula The country is located near 3 different continents [Africa, Europe, & Asia] 3 Helen of Troy Known as ‘The Face that Launched a Thousand Ships’ Minoa It started on the Greek Island of Crete Its capital is known as Knosos/Knossos It was ruled by King Minos Period of the Rise of Greek City-States Polis What they would call cities Acropolis A structure on top of a Hill or Mountain Agora A Marketplace that also serves as a place to exchange opinions with others Forms of Government during the Period of Greek City States Monarchy A system of Government wherein a King or Queen runs the nation with their successor being the oldest offspring Aristocracy/Oligarchy A system of Government wherein it is run by a multiple of the most powerful and rich members of the society Tyranny & Dictatorship A system of Government wherein the Military illegally and forcefully gains control of the country Democracy A system of Government wherein the decisions are voted on by either the people or their elected representatives Comes from the Greek words Demos meaning People and Kratos meaning Power Two Types of Democracy 1. Direct Democracy, in which the people vote for legislation themselves 2. Representative Democracy, in which the elected representative makes the decisions for the people Agoge [In Sparta] Forces the young to fight, starve, loot, and kill As is customary in Sparta, at the age of 7, children are taken from their mothers to be trained to fight and kill Women were also trained how to fight by their mothers but only to a limited and less brutal degree Persian War Battle of Marathon Persia invaded due to Athens previously assisting another Greek city-state [Not on the mainland] against the Persians Ended with an Athenian Victory due to a Greek Double Envelopment using the Phalanx Formation The Greek Victory embarrassed the Spartans as they were known to have the best Army and because they refused to join the battle earlier due to certain Cultural Practices 4 Battle of Thermopylae The Battle where King Leonidas of Sparta and his Greek Allies numbering 7000~ fought 100k Persians Ended in a Spartan/Greek defeat due to a Greek Traitor telling the Persians a secret route to outflank the Spartan Phalanx Battle of Salamis A Naval Battle where Athens beat and destroyed the Persian Fleet Homer Created the well-known epics Lliad and Odyssey that discuss the Trojan War and the journey home Cleisthenes An Athenian Statesman who introduced the concept of Ostracism Peloponnesian War The conflict in which Athens and Sparta fought to decide who would rule Greece Ended in a mutual loss for Athens and Sparta at the Battle of Coronea The war crippled both Athens and Sparta, allowing them to be open to a Macedonian invasion by Alexander the Great Hellenistic Culture Believed in Gender Equality Alexander the Great He controlled his public image and how he was perceived by treating himself just as he did any other soldier, like how he would only drink water after the rest of his army drank, and by not thinking of himself above his soldiers He died under unknown circumstances in May of 323 BCE due to a severe sickness while only 32 Years Old He had Aristotle as his teacher who encouraged him to always question and be curious about everything Bucephalus A dark horse gifted to Alexander the Great by his Father that served his loyal steed until Alexander’s death The horse was known for not being able to be tamed until Alexander the Great The horse became mystified in legend as Alexander’s steed, with no one else daring to try and ride him Pericles He ruled during the Golden Age of Greece Solon A passed a law regarding equality for the people and prohibiting imprisonment due to debt Draco A legislator who desired to implement severe punishments such as death to lower the crime rate Hippocrates Known as the Father of Medicine -From 8-5 St. Artemide Zatti 5