All About The Social Studies Exam PDF

# All About The Social Studies Exam ## Introducing Part (P. 498-502) * **Japanese Culture**: * They have a Horyu temple (Buddhist temple in southern Japan). * They are good at the art form of growing trees or shrubs called Bonsai. * Samurai were the warriors who served a Japanese lor...

# All About The Social Studies Exam ## Introducing Part (P. 498-502) * **Japanese Culture**: * They have a Horyu temple (Buddhist temple in southern Japan). * They are good at the art form of growing trees or shrubs called Bonsai. * Samurai were the warriors who served a Japanese lord and followed a strict code of conduct. * **Korean Culture**: * They have a beautiful kingdom called Gyeongbokgung Palace. * Also the turtle ship was used to defeat the Japanese. * Yi sun sin was the leader in that war, and Yi sun sin's colleagues and subordinates defeated Japan with only 13 ships, although Japan had 300 ships. ## Japan's Geography and Early History * Japan lies to the east of Korea and China. * Its chain of islands runs north to south in the Pacific Ocean. * About 300 BCE, Yayoi, the ancestors of the Japanese, arrived. * They began to grow up in Japan. * During the 500s CE, a clan called the Yamato ruled most of Japan. * Yamato chiefs claimed they were descended from a sun goddess who sent her grandson to rule over the people of Japan. * That grandson, Jimmu, took the title "emperor of heaven" and became the first emperor of Japan. * **Important Part**: Early Japanese beliefs developed into a religion called Shinto (meaning "way of the spirits". It became linked to Japan's rulers. ## Korea's Geography and Early History * Korea sits on a mountainous peninsula in East Asia called the Korean Peninsula (Peninsula meaning 75% of the island's ground is connected to the sea which is a good position for industry). * The southern part of the peninsula is separated from the Islands of Japan by the Korea Strait. * The first Koreans came to the peninsula from northern or central Asia and lived as nomads. * They settled down, lived in scattered villages and began to grow up. * The first kingdom in Korea was called Gojoseon. * About 109 BCE, China took over the northern part of the Korean peninsula, but Korea drove them out and they eventually got three kingdoms: * Koguryo (North), * Paekche (Southwest) and * Silla (Southeast). * These kingdoms all used Chinese writing skills, and Buddhism and Confucianism. * Paekche developed trade with Japan. ## East Asia in the Middle Ages * China held power for hundreds of years. * But in the 1200s CE, Mongols swept out of central Asia. * In 1368 CE, the Ming dynasty began to rule China. * After, the Yi dynasty starting to rule Korea. * In Japan during the 800s CE emperors lost power to military lords called Daimyo. * In the 1100s CE, Minamoto Yoritomo defeated the daimyo of another powerful family. * The emperor named him Shogun (meaning the chief military commander in feudal Japan). * The shogun led Japan but at that time, central broke down so Daimyo got the more power. ## Lesson 2- Medieval Korea (P.503-506) * **Korean Civilization- How did Korea build a civilization?** * From about 300 CE to 700 CE, three kingdoms (Silla, Koguryo, Paekche) ruled Korea (it called Three Kingdoms period). * In the 660 CE, the Silla conquered Koguryo, Paekche. * But Silla got weaker, and it finally collapsed. * By 935 CE, Wang kon (the first Korean ruler to unite the Korean peninsula) had won out of these rivals. * Wang kon also founded a new dynasty known as Koryo (remember that Korea came from Koryo). ## The Koryo Kingdom * Rulers of the Koryo Kingdom used a Chinese mode of government which Silla used. * Koryo achievements included artisans who developed movable metal type and produced the world's oldest book printed by this method. * Also, Koryo got perfect prowess making of celadon pottery (traditionally made with a greenish color and elegant shapes). * They put such a birds and flowers, the color is from gray-blue to light gray. * During they prove their art skills, they also got achieved success politically. * The Koryo rulers set up a code of laws. They established a civil service system based on examination. ## The Mongol Invasion of the Koryo Kingdom * Koryo faced internal disorders and outside threats. * Under that is a European's description of how Mongols' military tactics made them a terrifying threat to Korea: * "They charge in, fire off a few arrows, then pull back if the enemy's still holding strong. But it's not a retreat—it's a trick to lure the enemy into an ambush. If the enemy's too powerful, they don't stick around. Instead, they either raid nearby areas while falling back or set up a sneaky surprise attack when the enemy least expects it." (Summarize version) * The Mongols forced the Koryo king and royal family to go to South Korea Seoul (Hangyong). * Koryo dynasty agreed to accept Mongol rule because they remained in power. * Mongol forced Korean peasants, artisans to build ships for their ruler Kublai Khan's attempted invasion of Japan. * But Mongol power eventually declined and so did the rule of the Koryo. * In 1392 CE, Yi Song-gye overthrew the Koryo and founded a new dynasty. The Korean people once again were in charge of their country. ## How did Chinese culture influence the Yi dynasty? * Yi dynasty is from Yi Song-gye. This dynasty was the one of the world's the longest-ruling families. * The capital city was the Hansung (Seoul right now). * Yi kings strengthened their rule of the Korea Yi rulers still made use of Chinese ideas and practices (Of course it wasn't, but it is in the textbook so just let you guys know it isn't true). * They opened school to teach Chinese classics to civil service candidates. They named * Neo-Confucianism (Neo-Confucianism is a major type of Confucianism that combines elements of that philosophy with doctrines of Buddhism and Daoism.). * It was a state philosophy. Family life and government were guided by neo-Confucianism ideas of social order. ## Rulers were expected to lead by moral example and to educated the people. * The highest class during the Yi dynasty was the Yangban. Yangban studied neo-Confucianism, they had to take civil service exam to hold public office. * But at the same time, they refused the Buddhism. Korea kept their own traditions and unique identity. * Neo-Confucianism became the important as the Korean took their control of their country. ## King Sejong * The greatest Yi King was Sejong. * He ruled from 1394 CE to 1450 CE. * He was interested in the science and technology. * Sejong and Jang Yeong-sil (famous scientist who was Sejong's favorite friend) made the world's oldest record of rainfall (used bronze to make 1st instruments for measuring rain). * And water clocks, sundials, globes (globes shows solar system's motion). * Sejong and his advisors were making Hangul since Sejong thought many of his servants couldn't learn the Chinese and get scammed from Yangban because they writing in Chinese (Remember that Hangul is NOT CHINESE, JAPANESE! IT IS KOREAN!!). * Korean is based on the symbols that presents sound. It is still using in Korea. Actually, it was effect to the servants in good way. ## War and Technology * In 1592 CE, Japanese forces attacked Korea. * Their plan was to cross the Korean Peninsula and conquer China. * But Koreans halted the japanese attack on the land. * In the wars, Koreans made the turtle ship which is really powerful even defeated all the Japanese's 300 ships with only 13 turtle ship. * Yi sun-shin (Korean admiral) and colleagues made ship. * Iron covered the top of the ship it kinda looks like a turtle, so they named turtle ship. * A dragon's head at the bow, cannons were on all sides of the ship and prevented attackers from boarding, also strong fire power. ## Form the political history: * “After a brief imprisonment on false charges in 1597, during which Yisunsin's replacement, Won Kyon, suffered the loss of all but twelve Korean ships, Yi was recalled to service. * He won one of his greatest Victories at Myeongnyang on October 26, 1597, where he defeated three hundred Japanese ships with those dozen ships. * He won victories in seventeen of the eighteen naval battles he fought." * The Japanese killed and kidnapped children and Korean workers. * Koreans were attacked by the Chinese. * China ruled by a foreign dynasty known as the Manchus. The Yi dynasty had to pay tribute to China's Manchu rulers. * Korea's relations with its powerful neighbor remained tense for many centuries. ## Lesson 3- Medieval Japan (P.507~512) * **Prince Shotoku- How did Prince Shotoku reform Japan's government?** * In 593 CE, a Yamato prince was named regent on behalf of his aunt. * Prince Shotoku thought Confucianism is important to study. * He sent delegates to China for the Confucian and they brought back with lots of confucian ideas which influenced Japanese culture. * Shotoku created a constitution for the Japan to be strong, and the constitution stated that the emperor all powerful ruler. * It stated how they should perform their duties. * After Shotoku's death, Yamato began the Taika, or Great Change. * Japan was divided into districts ruled by officials who reported to the emperor. * All Farmland and farmers were controlled by the emperor, but government officials collected taxes. * The Taika reforms Japan's first strong central government. ## The Nara period-How did the Chinese ways influence Japan during the Nara period? * In the early 700s CE, Japan established Nara as its capital. * It featured broad streets, public squares, and Buddhist temples. * Nobles lived in large Chinese-style rooms, and the government ranked officials hierarchically without using exams, appointing nobles from powerful families instead. * These officials received large farms, strengthening the emperor's control over land. * Buddhism became influential during this period, and in 770 CE, a monk's attempt to seize the throne led to the emperor relocating the capital. * Japan's legal system, the Taihō code, was based on Chinese law and established provinces governed by appointed officials. * The code included Ritsu, which outlined laws for arrest and imprisonment. ## Samurai and Shoguns-Why did military leaders rise to power in Japan? * In 794 CE, the emperor of Japan moved the Capital city to the Heian-kyo. It becomes Kyoto. And it looked much like a major Chinese city. * **Nobles and Warriors**: During the 800 CE, emperor continued to rule Japan, but they got weakened. The weak emperors came to the throne, and court officials governed for them. * These regents handled Heian kyo's every day government which left the emperors to focus on the learning, and arts. They studied Buddhism or writing poetry. ## During Japan's civil wars, nobles gained control of provinces by receiving land from the government in exchange for military support, leading them to stop paying taxes. * They imposed higher taxes on farmers to fund local governance and granted land to warriors known as samurai, who were bound by a strict code of loyalty called Bushido. * Samurai fought on horseback with weapons like swords and bows, wearing armor made of leather or steel. * The Bushido code emphasized loyalty, bravery, and honor, with samurai preferring death in battle over capture or betrayal. * Notably, some women, such as the famous warrior Tomoe, also fought during this tumultuous period in the 1100s. ## Shoguns Assume Power * By the early 1100s CE, noble families in Japan were using samurai armies to fight for land and control over the emperor. * A civil war erupted in 1180 CE between two powerful families, with Minamoto Yoritomo emerging victorious. * To prevent Yoritomo from threatening the throne, the emperor awarded him the title of shogun in 1192 CE, establishing a dual government system. * The emperor remained in Heian-Kyo, while Yoritomo set up a military government, or shogunate, in Kamakura. * For the next 700 years, shoguns governed Japan. * **Mongol attacks**: In the late 1200s CE, Japan was twice invaded by China's Mongol emperor. * During both attempts, typhoons destroyed many ships. * The mongols who made it to shore were defeated by the Japanese. The typhoon in Japanese kamikaze, or divine wind in honor of the spirits they believed had saved their islands. ## A divided Japan-Why did Japan experience disunity from the 1300s CE to the 1500 C.E.? * The Kamakura shogunate, founded in 1192 by Minamoto no Yoritomo, began Japan's feudal era feudalism. * With shoguns wielding power and the samurai class rising. * After facing Mongol invasions, the Ashikaga shogunate emerged in 1336, leading to instability but also cultural growth. * In the late 16th century, Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi worked to unify Japan, culminating in Tokugawa leyasu's victory at Sekigahara in 1600, which established the Tokugawa shogunate. * This Edo period (1600-1868) was marked by peace and cultural flourishing but ended with the Meiji Restoration, restoring imperial rule and modernizing Japan. ## Society under the shoguns-How were the Japanese affected by their country's growing wealth? * Under the shogun, Japan produced more goods and grew richer. But only the emperor, noble families, leading military officials enjoyed this wealth. * Growing class of merchants, traders benefited from Japan's prosperity. * **Farmers, Artisans, and trade**: Japan's wealth came from the hard labor of its farmers. * Some made their own land, but most lived, worked on the estates of the daimyo. * Rice, wheat, millet, chief crops. On the Daimyo states, artisans made armor, weapons, tools. * These sold by merchants in town markets throughout Japan. * As trade increased, regions began to make certain goods which is best at producing. * Pottery, paper, textiles, lacquered ware. * Kyoto (Heian-kyo) developed into a major center of production. * It benefited from trade with Korea, China, South east. * Japanese merchants traded wooden goods, sword blades, and copper for silk, dyes, pepper, books, porcelain. ## Women in Shogun Japan * During Japan's shogunate period, family structures typically featured multiple generations, with men as heads of households. * Women initially held a relatively high status, especially during Prince Shotoku's time, but their rights declined as society became more warrior-focused. * In farming families, women influenced decisions and worked long hours, while in urban areas, wives of artisans and merchants contributed to family businesses. * Women's status varied significantly by social class and context. ## Religion and the Arts- How did religion and the arts relate to each other under the shoguns? * During Japan's shogunate, cultural exchange with China influenced art, literature, and religion. * Japanese painting and ceramics adopted Chinese techniques, while literature used Chinese characters. * Buddhism blended with Shinto, shaping Japan's identity. * **Religion**: Under the shoguns, religion significantly influenced daily life in Japan, with many people adapting Buddhism to incorporate Shinto practices. * Shinto focused on daily life and nature, while Buddhism offered spiritual rewards and preparation for the afterlife. This blend inspired Japanese art, poetry, and the construction of shrines and temples. * Buddhism, particularly the Zen sect brought from China in the 1100s, gained popularity among the working class. Zen emphasized inner peace through self-control, a simple lifestyle, martial arts, and meditation to clear the mind of distractions. ## Literature and the Arts * In the 500s CE, the Japanese adopted China's picture-based writing system, which was difficult due to language differences. * By the 800s CE, they created sound-based symbols, simplifying reading and writing. * Calligraphy was highly valued, reflecting a person's education and social status. * Poetry, stories, and plays were written during Japan's shogunate period. * Japan's oldest form of poetry is 'Tanka', which contains the beauty of nature and the joy and sadness of life. * In the 1600s, a poem form called 'Haiku' appeared, consisting of three lines and 17 syllables in total. * Japan's first epic literature was written by women in the palace in Heiankyo around the year 1000, and The Story of Genji, written by Shikibu Murasaki, is representative. * This work is considered to be the world's first novel, dealing with the romance and adventure of a Japanese prince. * Also, the Noh play, created in the 1300s, was developed from religious dance and used to convey Buddhist ideas. * Medieval Japanese architecture and art revealed a love of simplicity and beauty, reflecting Japan's own ideas while being influenced by China and Korea. ## During the shogun period, Japan actively adopted architectural and artistic ideas from Korea and China. * Korean ceramics influenced Japan's tea ceremony, and Korean ceramics masters came to Japan and taught sarandon and how to make pottery. * Japanese shrines were constructed of simple wooden buildings, often located near sacred trees or rocks. * Buddhist temples, on the other hand, were decorated with lavishly, with large tiled roofs and thick wooden pillars in the Chinese style. * The garden created a peaceful and calm atmosphere by recreating nature on a small scale. * Large rocks represent mountains, fine sand represents running water, and only a few plants were placed to harmonize. * Also, Japanese artisans used glossy black or red lacquer, making wooden statues, furniture, and household items. * Japanese artists learned landscape painting from China and drew nature or battle scenes on paper. * Japanese aristocrats learn Origami, which makes decorations by folding paper, and it continues to be a hobby today. * Industrial designers and architects are designing innovative products and buildings using the principles of Origami.