AP 2 Exam 1 Questions Study PDF

Exam 1 AP lecture Question 1 Steroid hormones are lipids, derived from nucleic acids. cholesterol polypeptides glycerol Question 2 Lipid-soluble hormones, such as progesterone, exert their effects by forming hormone-receptor complexes that bind to DNA and initi...

Exam 1 AP lecture Question 1 Steroid hormones are lipids, derived from nucleic acids. cholesterol polypeptides glycerol Question 2 Lipid-soluble hormones, such as progesterone, exert their effects by forming hormone-receptor complexes that bind to DNA and initiate transcription activate a G protein and second-messenger cascade. activate adenylate cyclase open ion channels in the cell membrane Question 3 The pituitary gland is located________to the hypothalamus and is connected by the_______ superior thalamus inferior, infundibulum posterior. infundibulum inferior/epithalamus superior pars nervosa and primary plexus Question 4 Norepinephrine is an amine hormone which is water soluble. Which of the following statements is correct about epinephrine? b) It enters the cell through plasma membrane. d) It binds to the receptor in the nucleus. c) Its action work through c-AMP. a) it binds to the receptor on plasma membrane of the target cell e) Both 'a' and "c' are incorrect Question 5 The parathyroid glands are located posterior part of the thyroid gland.  anterior to the thyroid gland. above the kidneys. just below the thalamus within the thymus Question 6 The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone prolactin and Vasopressin. prolactin and growth hormone thyrotropin-releasing hormone and corticotropin-releasing hormone Question 7 Intracellular signaling pathways within target cells are organized such that each step involves one molecule activating or synthesizing exactly one other molecule for precise control. enzymes are used up and degraded after each individual reaction they catalyze. each step allows for amplification of the signal where one molecule can activate many. Question 8 Which of the following two hormones are under hypothalamic inhibition? GH and TSH GH and PRL PRL and LH TSH and ACTH. ACTH and FSH Question 9 When the effects of one hormone reinforce the activity of another hormone on the same target cell, the interaction is said to be synergistic. agonistic. Permissive antagonistic Question 10 Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormones?  Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Question 11 Two regions of the hypothalamus that are associated with the posterior pituitary are the supraoptic nucleus and pars distalis. primary plexus and pars distalis. paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. primary plexus and paraventricular nucleus pars cuperals and pars intermedia. Question 12 Which is not a tropic hormone? Follicle-stimulating hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Thyroid stimulating hormone Prolactin Question 13 Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood? Autocrine hormone Oligopeptide Water-soluble hormone Lipid-soluble hormone Question 14 The part of the brain that functions as a "master control center" of the endocrine system is the pineal gland hypothalamus. spinal cord. adrenal cortex. cerebral cortex Question 15 Which statement is incorrect about posterior pituitary? e) All statements are correct.  b)its hormones are synthesized in hypothalamus a)lt is nervous in origin. c)Postororoititanysimply/stores and releases its two hormones d) It receives blood supply through hypophyseal portal system. Question 16 Damage to the liver might impair enzymatic degradation of some hormones. The levels of such hormones in the blood would therefore be expected to remain unchanged. increase. decrease Question 17 Thyroid hormone is somewhat unique in that it is a steroid hormone that is lipid-soluble. protein hormone that is water-soluble biogenic amine that is lipid-soluble. steroid hormone that is water-soluble. monoamine that is water soluble Question 18 The hypothalamic hormone that triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is cortisol. adrenal follicle-stimulating hormone. cortical stimulating factor (CSF). corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).| vasopressin Question 19 Which pair is correct? Parafollicular cells (calcitonin): - Under humoral control Pancreatic B-cells (Insulin): - Under humoral control Zona fasciculata (cortisol): - Under hormonal controlFalse All pairs are correct.  Posterior pituitary hormone Oxytocin, under nervous control Question 20 The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is to stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands. stimulate adrenaline release from the adrenal medulla. regulate salt and water balance by acting on the renal system. stimulate col growth and cell division in muscle and bore stimulate the development of the folds on the surface of the Question 21 In young children, hemopoiesis occurs in most of their bones, but in adulthood it primarily occurs in flat bones of the axial skeleton. long bones of the hands and feet. the liver and spleen. short bones of the appendicular skeleton. Question 22 Blood helps regulate the pH and the temperature of the body. True False Question 23 Which of the following WBC is the least in count? Basophils Lymphocytes Neutrophils Monocytes Eosinophils Question 24 How many globins (protein building blocks) are found in a single hemoglobin molecule? 2 8 4 1  6 Question 25 Leukocytes are the_______of the formed elements, and leukocytes have largest, prominent nuclei smallest, prominent nuclei largest, no nucleus smallest, no nucleus Question 26 Which of the following is inconsistent with 'Blood Transfusion Practices'? O+ blood could be transfused to B+ O-blood could be transfused to B- B+ blood could be transfused to AB+ A+ blood could be transfused to AB+ AB+ blood could be transfused to B+ Question 27 Extensions from megakaryocytes that extend through blood vessel walls in red marrow are sliced off from the cells by the force of blood flow. These extensions are myeloid stem cells. late erythroblasts. reticulocytes. proplatelets. promegakaryocytes. Question 28 Sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate are all described as plasma electrolytes. formed elements. nutrients solvents. proteins electrolytes Question 29 The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the albumins prothrombins. fibrinogens. endocrine hormones globulins. Question 30 The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called hemopoiesis. leukocytosis. erythroblastosis. leukopenia agglutination Question 31 In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated, number 2 indicates  erythrocytes. leukocytes and platelets. plasma leukocytes platelets Question 32 Typically, an adult's body contains_______ of blood. 1 liter 15 liters 5 liters 10 liters Question 33 The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to only oxygen. both oxygen and carbon dioxide. oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. only carbon dioxide only nitrogen Question 34 Which depicts the order of cell formation in erythropoiesis? a: Proerythroblast b: Normoblast c: Myeloid stem cell d: Reticulocyte e: Erythroblast f: Mature erythrocyte c, a, b, e, d. f c, b, a, d, e, f c, a, e, b, d. f a, b.c, e, d, f. a, c, d, b, e, f Question 35 During hemopoiesis, the lymphoid line forms lymphocytes only. True False Question 36 The blood type of a person missing the surface antigen D is Rh-positive. True False Question 37 Which clotting pathway involves the combining of thromboplastin (factor IIl) with factor VII and calcium? Each of the three pathways (intrinsic, extrinsic, and common)  The common pathway The intrinsic pathway The extrinsic pathway Question 38 If a patient becomes dehydrated, the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely not change. decrease. increase. Question 39 Which of the following statements is incorrect about RBC? RBC has an average life span of 120 days. RBC contains carbonic anhydrase enzyme. RBCs are biconcave. Each RBC contains about 280 X 10° molecules of hemoglobin. Each Hb molecule can bind to 8 molecules of Oxygen Question 40 Blood clotting mechanism is regulated by positive feedback mechanism. True False Question 41 The units for perfusion of blood are typically liters per gram. beats per minute per gram. grams per minute. milliliters per hour per kilogram milliliters per minute per gram. Question 42 Immediately prior to atrial contraction, blood continues to enter the atria from the venae cavae and pulmonary veins. True  False Question 43 If stroke volume increases, then cardiac output must decrease. True False Question 44 Which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood? Left atrium and left ventricle Right atrium and right ventricle Left ventricle and right ventricle Right atrium and left ventricle Left atrium and right atrium Question 45 The metabolic pathways of cardiac muscle make it relatively resistant to heart attack, because it uses exclusively anaerobic metabolism. somewhat susceptible to heart attack, because it relies so exclusively on aerobic metabolism. relatively resistant to heart attack, because it has a great capacity to accrue oxygen debt. somewhat susceptible to heart attack, because it has so few mitochondria. extremely susceptible to heart attack because it uses such a variety of fuel sources. Question 46 Which of the following would cause a decrease in cardiac output? Addition of positive inotropic agents An increase in venous return Correct Answer An increase in afterload An increase in heart rate Question 47 Valves must contract to close the opening of atria into ventricles.  True False Question 48 The fossa ovalis appears just above the opening of the coronary sinus within the right atrium. left atrium. right ventricle. left ventricle. Question 49 The atrioventricular (AV) node is located in the back wall of the left ventricle. floor of the right atrium. floor of the left atrium. back wall of the right ventricle. roof of the left ventricle. Question 50 Cardiac muscle is able to use a variety of fuel types for cellular respiration. True False Question 51 In an EKG, the P wave is generated when the ventricles repolarize. atria repolarize. Purkinje fibers initiate an impulse. atria depolarize. ventricles depolarize Question 52 What are the cell-to-cell contacts of the cardiac muscle fibers called? Intercalated discs  Sarcoplasmic reticulum Z discs Cardiac discs T-tubules Question 53 Which action leads to the closure of the right atrioventricular valve? Contraction of the right atrium Relaxation of the left atrium Contraction of the right ventricle Contraction of the loft atrium Relaxation of the right ventricle Question 54 Like skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells have an absolute refractory period prior to repolarization. True False Question 55 How many half-moon shaped, pocketlike cusps are found in each semilunar valve? 6 3 4 2 1 Question 56 Cardiac output equals the stroke volume civiced ov near rate end diastolic volume minus end systolic volume: cardiac reserve minus the stroke volume. blood pressure multiplied by heart rate heart rate multiplied by stroke volume. Question 57 The heart valves separate the right and left sides of the heart. are only used in the fetal heart. permit the passage of blood in one direction. stabilize and hold the arteries leaving the heart. direct the conduction impulse through the heart muscle. Question 58 Which heart sound appears to be loudest while listening through the stethoscope? S2 S4 S1 S3 Question 59 The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity works to eliminate blood pressure spikes. equalize the pressure in the great vessels. All of the choices are correct. slow the heart rate lubricate membranes of the pericardium. Question 60 Pectinate muscles are found on the internal walls of the right and left atria. posterior wall of the right ventricle. external wall of the right atrium. anterior wall of the right ventricle. posterior walls of the right and left ventricles.