Physiology Endocrine System Self-Assessment PDF

Physiology Endocrine System Self-Assessment 1. Which of the following is one of the principal endocrine glands of the body? a) gastrointestinal tract b) urethra c) gall bladder d) salivary gland 2. Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of the endocrine system? a) releases chemicals i...

Physiology Endocrine System Self-Assessment 1. Which of the following is one of the principal endocrine glands of the body? a) gastrointestinal tract b) urethra c) gall bladder d) salivary gland 2. Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of the endocrine system? a) releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body b) releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs simultaneously c) carries substances which are important for digestion d) produces effects that last for hours, days and even longer 3. Which of the following hormones are water-soluble derivatives of amino acids? a) steroids b) peptide hormones c) fatty acids d) catecholamines 4. Peptide hormones (including glucagon-like-peptide-1, or GLP-1): a) are first synthesised as precursor prohormones b) have a long duration of action c) principally interact with specific intracellular receptors d) are made up of nucleic acids 5. Which of the following statements regarding peptide hormones is NOT true: a) they are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) b) they readily diffuse in and out of cells across the cell membrane c) they are packaged into secretory vesicles that are stored in the cytoplasm d) they are released from the cell by a process called exocytosis 6. Which of the following is NOT true of steroid hormones? a) They are major components of skeletal muscle b) They are lipid soluble and diffuse freely through cell membranes c) They bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cell d) They typically have a long duration of action 7. The most complex endocrine responses involve the: a) pancreas b) adrenal gland c) seminal gland d) hypothalamus 8. Endocrine organs are NEVER regulated by: a) hormones from other endocrine glands b) voluntary action c) direct neural stimulation d) changes in composition of the extracellular fluid 9. The hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones that act to controls secretions of which gland? a) anterior pituitary b) posterior pituitary c) adrenal gland d) gonads 10. Hypothalmic neurons in the supraoptic nuclei produce: a) oxytocin b) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) c) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) d) insulin 11. Which enzyme secreted into the bloodstream by the kidneys is responsible for the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I? a) erythropoietin b) nephrogenin c) renin d) corticotrophic hormone 12. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by converting enzymes in which organ? a) kidney b) liver c) lungs d) heart 13. Which digestive organ contains exocrine and endocrine cells (including alpha, beta and delta cells)? a) gall bladder b) stomach c) small intestine d) pancreas 14. When blood glucose levels: a) fall glucagon is released from the endocrine pancreas b) rise glucagon is released from the endocrine pancreas c) fall insulin is released from the endocrine pancreas d) fall glucagon is released from the exocrine pancreas 15. Thyroid hormone contains the mineral: a) chlorine b) iodine c) fluorine d) bromine 16. Iodination of tyrosine results in the formation of: a) triiodothyronine (T3) b) diiodotyrosine (T2) c) thyroxine (T4) d) monoiodotyrosine (T1) 17. Coupling of monoiodotyrosine (T1) with diiodotyrosine (T2) results in the formation of: a) pentothyronine (T5) b) triiodothyronine (T3) c) thyroxine (T4) d) terminin (T6) 18. Thyroxine (T4) plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of: a) sexual maturity b) bone mass c) body temperature d) pituitary secretions 19. Parathyroid hormone is secreted from the parathyroid glands when plasma levels of which ion fall below the normal range? a) potassium b) calcium c) sodium d) magnesium 20. Calcitonin is secreted from the C cells of which gland when calcium ion concentrations are abnormally high a) thyroid b) parathyroid c) pituitary d) hypothalamus 21. Which of the following is a small endocrine gland that secretes steroids and catecholamines and is located above each kidney a) adrenal b) pituitary c) gall bladder d) pancreas 22. Which of the following are NOT steroid hormones: a) mineralocorticoids (e.g. aldosterone) b) glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol and corticosterone) c) androgens d) catecholamines (e.g. adrenaline and noradrenaline) 23. Glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone) are hormones secreted by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex to modify: a) glucose metabolism b) fat metabolism c) protein metabolism d) nucleic acid metabolism 24. The mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, is a hormone secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex which affects: a) nucleic acid metabolism b) fat metabolism c) protein metabolism d) mineral metabolism 25. The androgens are hormones produced in small quantities and secreted by the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex which exert: a) feminizing effects b) masculinizing effects c) secretory effects d) ageing effects 26. The adrenal medulla is the core of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines (e.g. adrenaline) into the blood during: a) parasympathetic nervous system activation b) sympathetic nervous system activation c) somatic nervous system activation d) sleep 27. Which endocrine gland is connected to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum? a) pituitary b) pons c) pineal d) thalamus 28. The posterior pituitary releases peptide hormones originally produced in the: a) thalamus b) frontal lobe c) hypothalamus d) brain stem 29. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that causes: a) water loss at the kidneys and an reduction of blood pressure b) water loss at the kidneys and an elevation of blood pressure c) water retention at the kidneys and an reduction of blood pressure d) water retention at the kidneys and an elevation of blood pressure 30. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels are affected by changes in: a) body temperature b) osmotic pressure c) testicular secretions d) red blood cells 31. Which hormone stimulates smooth muscle contractions of the uterus or mammary glands in females and the prostate gland in males? a) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) b) parathyroid hormone c) oxytocin d) prolactin 32. All of the following are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland EXCEPT: a) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) b) growth hormone c) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) d) oxytocin 33. Which hormone accelerates body growth partly through stimulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) secretion? a) prolactin b) growth hormone c) prostaglandin d) angiotensin 34. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates thyroid hormone secretion and growth of the: a) adrenal gland b) parathyroid gland c) thyroid gland d) external genitalia 35. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates production and secretion of glucocorticoids by the adrenal glands and enhances growth of the: a) adrenal medulla b) adrenal cortex c) cerebral cortex d) medulla oblongata 36. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates: a) spermatogenesis in females b) oogenesis in females c) oogenesis in males d) none of the other options 37. Luteinizing hormone (LH) in females triggers which process? a) lactation b) womb contractions c) ejaculation d) ovulation 38. Prolactin stimulates functional development of which glands in females? a) mammary glands b) the testes c) the ovaries d) parathyroid glands 39. The intermediate lobe (pars intermedia) of the pituitary gland produces melanocyte-stimulating hormones, which regulate: a) body temperature b) skin coloration c) spermatogenesis d) oogenesis 40. Proper growth and development requires all of the following EXCEPT: a) thyroid hormone b) gonadal hormones c) insulin d) noradrenaline