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ANTIBACTERIALS FYI Drug Class: PENICILLIN Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand) penicillin G procaine (Wycillin) amoxicillin (Amoxil)...
ANTIBACTERIALS FYI Drug Class: PENICILLIN Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand) penicillin G procaine (Wycillin) amoxicillin (Amoxil) dicloxacillin sodium (Dynapen) Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 1 Drug Class: PENICILLIN antibiotics iftake tomuch resistence Therapeutic Uses: become To treat the following infections:bacterial respiratory tract infection urinary tract infection otitis media sinusitis Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: PENICILLIN MODE OF ACTION: Inhibition of bacteria cell wall synthesis. BACTERICIDAL EFFECT Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 2 Drug Class: PENICILLIN SIDE EFFECTS: rash seizures edema ADVERSE REACTIONS: superinfections anaphylaxis Stevens-Johnson syndrome Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: PENICILLIN CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to penicillin Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins renal impairment Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 3 Drug Class: PENICILLIN DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: Increases effect with aspirin Increases bleeding with oral anticoagulants Decreases effect with tetracycline Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: CEPHALOSPORIN Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand) higher cefadroxil (Duricef) cefazolin sodium (Ancef) cephalexin (Keflex) cefdinir (Omnicef) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 4 Drug Class: CEPHALOSPORIN Therapeutic Uses: To treat the following infections: respiratory tract infection urinary tract infection bone and joint infections otitis media Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: CEPHALOSPORIN MODE OF ACTION: Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. BACTERICIDAL EFFECT Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 5 Drug Class: CEPHALOSPORIN SIDE EFFECTS: rash flushing edema ADVERSE REACTIONS: superinfections anaphylaxis Stevens-Johnson syndrome Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: CEPHALOSPORIN CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to penicillin Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 6 Drug Class: CEPHALOSPORIN DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: Increases effect with aspirin Increases bleeding with oral anticoagulants Decreases effect with tetracycline Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: MACROLIDE Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand) azithromycin (Zithromax) clarithromycin (Biaxin) erythromycin base (E-Mycin) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 7 Drug Class: MACROLIDE Therapeutic Uses: To treat the following infections: upper respiratory tract infection gonorrhea skin infections Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: MACROLIDE MODE OF ACTION: Inhibition of bacteria protein synthesis. BACTERICIDAL EFFECT at High Doses killbacterialex ifhavemajorinfection BACTERIOSTATIC at Low Dosespreventwon'tgetworse ex ifhaveminorinfection Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 8 Drug Class: MACROLIDE SIDE EFFECTS: blurred vision tinnitus rash ADVERSE REACTIONS: superinfections, urticaria, hearing loss, angioedema anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: MACROLIDE CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to macrolides hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hepatic dysfunction renal dysfunction Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 9 Drug Class: MACROLIDE DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: Increases the effect of digoxin Increases the effect of warfarin Decreases the effect of penicillin Decreases the effect of clindamycin Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: TETRACYCLINE Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand) tetracycline (Sumycin) doxycycline (Vibramycin) minocycline (Minocin) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 10 Drug Class: TETRACYCLINE Therapeutic Uses: To treat the following uncommon gram + and - infections: respiratory and skin infections STD (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: TETRACYCLINE MODE OF ACTION: Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. BACTERICIDAL EFFECT at high doses BACTERIOSTATIC at low doses Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 11 Drug Class: TETRACYCLINE SIDE EFFECTS: rash, photosensitivity, color vision changes, teeth discoloration ADVERSE REACTIONS: superinfections, severe photosensitivity, hypoglycemia, hypertension Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: TETRACYCLINE CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to tetracycline hepatic dysfunction renal dysfunction Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 12 Drug Class: TETRACYCLINE DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: Increases the effect of digoxin Decreases absorption with sucralfate, antacids Decreases the effect of oral contraceptives Dairy products decrease the effect of tetracyclines Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand) amikacin sulfate (Amiken) gentamicin sulfate streptomycin sulfate (Streptomycin) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 13 Drug Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES Therapeutic Uses: To treat the following serious infections: gram (-) i.e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pelvic inflammatory disease Methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES MODE OF ACTION: Inhibition of bacteria protein synthesis. BACTERICIDAL EFFECT Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 14 Drug Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES SIDE EFFECTS: visual disturbances, hearing loss, tinnitus rash, photosensitivity ADVERSE REACTIONS: superinfections, urticaria, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides severe renal disease Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 15 Drug Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: Increase ototoxicity with loop diuretics Increase nephrotoxicity with amp B, vancomycin LAB: Decrease serum potassium and magnesium Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: FLUOROQUINOLONES Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand) ciprofloxacin HCL (Cipro) levofloxacin (Levaquin) moxifloxacin (Noroxin) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 16 Drug Class: FLUOROQUINOLONES Therapeutic Uses: To treat the following moderate/severe infections: respiratory tract, renal, skin, bone, joint, cellulitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, UTI, gonorrhea, staph-/streptococcus Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: FLUOROQUINOLONES MODE OF ACTION: Interfere with the enzyme DNA gyrase BACTERICIDAL EFFECT Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 17 Drug Class: FLUOROQUINOLONES SIDE EFFECTS: blurred vision, rash, flushing, tinnitus, photosensitivity ADVERSE REACTIONS: superinfection, edema, anaphylaxis, hyperkalemia, peripheral neuropathy Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: FLUOROQUINOLONES CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to Fluoroquinolones severe renal disease Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 18 Drug Class: FLUOROQUINOLONES DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: Increase effect of oral hypoglycemics Increase effect of caffeine Decrease drug absorption with antacids. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: SULFONAMIDES Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand) trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) sulfadiazine (Microsulfon) sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 19 Drug Class: SULFONAMIDES Therapeutic Uses: To treat urinary tract infection, otitis media, bronchitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E. coli Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: SULFONAMIDES MODE OF ACTION: Inhibits folic acid synthesis and protein synthesis of nucleic acids BACTERICIDAL EFFECT Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 20 Drug Class: SULFONAMIDES SIDE EFFECTS: rash, vertigo, insomnia, photosensitivity ADVERSE REACTIONS: increased bone marrow depression, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, and renal failure. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: SULFONAMIDES CONTRAINDICATIONS: hepatic disease, hypersensitivity Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 21 Drug Class: SULFONAMIDES DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: increase anticoagulant effect with warfarin increase hypoglycemic effect with oral hypoglycemic Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: NITROIMIDAZOLES Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand) metronidazole (Flagyl) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 22 Drug Class: NITROIMIDAZOLES Therapeutic Uses: To treat various disorders associated with organisms in the GI tract. Used with other agents to treat H. Pylori, which is associated with frequent recurrent peptic ulcers. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: NITROIMIDAZOLES MODE OF ACTION: impairing DNA function of susceptible bacteria Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 23 Drug Class: NITROIMIDAZOLES SIDE EFFECTS: dizziness, headache, dry mouth, metallic taste ADVERSE REACTIONS: dark or reddish-brown urine Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: NITROIMIDAZOLES CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 24 Drug Class: NITROIMIDAZOLES DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION Taken with alcohol may produce a disulfiram reaction (facial flushing, severe headache, tachycardia, Palpitations, hypotension, sweating, slurred speech) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: Miscellaneous OXAZOLIDINONES USES-bacteremia, MRSA, respiratory and skin infections MODE-inhibit protein synthesis SIDE EFFECTS-tongue/tooth discoloration, rash ADVERSE-anaphylaxis, peripheral neuropathy **BACTERIOSTATIC-LOW DOSES **BACTERIOCIDAL-HIGH DOSES Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 25 Drug Class: Miscellaneous LINCOSAMIDES USES-bacteremia, MRSA, respiratory, bone, joint, and skin infections MODE-inhibit protein synthesis SIDE EFFECTS-rash, GI irritation ADVERSE-anaphylaxis, colitis **BACTERIOSTATIC-LOW DOSES **BACTERIOCIDAL-HIGH DOSES Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: Miscellaneous GLYCOPEPTIDES (VANCOMYCIN) USES-drug resistant S.aureus (MRSA) MODE-inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis SIDE EFFECTS-fever, rash ADVERSE-ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, red man syndrome (red blotching of the face, neck, and chest) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 26 Drug Class: Miscellaneous KETOLIDES USES-mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia MODE-inhibit protein synthesis SIDE EFFECTS-blurred vision, altered taste ADVERSE-hepatotoxicity Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: Miscellaneous LIPOPEPTIDES (Daptomycin) USES-complicated skin infections, endocarditis due to MRSA MODE-bind to bacterial membrane and causing rapid depolarization. Thus, inhibiting protein synthesis. (bacteriocidal) SIDE EFFECTS-hypotension, tingling, insomnia, burning on urination ADVERSE-hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 27
