Antibacterials PDF

ANTIBACTERIALS FYI Drug Class: PENICILLIN  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  penicillin G procaine (Wycillin)  amoxicillin (Amoxil)...

ANTIBACTERIALS FYI Drug Class: PENICILLIN  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  penicillin G procaine (Wycillin)  amoxicillin (Amoxil)  dicloxacillin sodium (Dynapen)  Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 1  Drug Class: PENICILLIN antibiotics iftake tomuch resistence  Therapeutic Uses: become To treat the following infections:bacterial respiratory tract infection urinary tract infection otitis media sinusitis Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: PENICILLIN  MODE OF ACTION: Inhibition of bacteria cell wall synthesis. BACTERICIDAL EFFECT Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 2  Drug Class: PENICILLIN  SIDE EFFECTS: rash seizures edema  ADVERSE REACTIONS: superinfections anaphylaxis Stevens-Johnson syndrome Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: PENICILLIN  CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to penicillin Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins renal impairment Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 3  Drug Class: PENICILLIN  DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: Increases effect with aspirin Increases bleeding with oral anticoagulants Decreases effect with tetracycline Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: CEPHALOSPORIN  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand) higher  cefadroxil (Duricef)  cefazolin sodium (Ancef)  cephalexin (Keflex)  cefdinir (Omnicef) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 4  Drug Class: CEPHALOSPORIN  Therapeutic Uses: To treat the following infections: respiratory tract infection urinary tract infection bone and joint infections otitis media Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: CEPHALOSPORIN  MODE OF ACTION: Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. BACTERICIDAL EFFECT Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 5  Drug Class: CEPHALOSPORIN  SIDE EFFECTS: rash flushing edema  ADVERSE REACTIONS: superinfections anaphylaxis Stevens-Johnson syndrome Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: CEPHALOSPORIN  CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to penicillin Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 6  Drug Class: CEPHALOSPORIN  DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: Increases effect with aspirin Increases bleeding with oral anticoagulants Decreases effect with tetracycline Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: MACROLIDE  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  azithromycin (Zithromax)  clarithromycin (Biaxin)  erythromycin base (E-Mycin) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 7  Drug Class: MACROLIDE  Therapeutic Uses: To treat the following infections: upper respiratory tract infection gonorrhea skin infections Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: MACROLIDE  MODE OF ACTION: Inhibition of bacteria protein synthesis. BACTERICIDAL EFFECT at High Doses killbacterialex ifhavemajorinfection BACTERIOSTATIC at Low Dosespreventwon'tgetworse ex ifhaveminorinfection Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 8  Drug Class: MACROLIDE  SIDE EFFECTS: blurred vision tinnitus rash  ADVERSE REACTIONS: superinfections, urticaria, hearing loss, angioedema anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: MACROLIDE  CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to macrolides hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hepatic dysfunction renal dysfunction Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 9  Drug Class: MACROLIDE  DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: Increases the effect of digoxin Increases the effect of warfarin Decreases the effect of penicillin Decreases the effect of clindamycin Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: TETRACYCLINE  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  tetracycline (Sumycin)  doxycycline (Vibramycin)  minocycline (Minocin) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 10  Drug Class: TETRACYCLINE  Therapeutic Uses: To treat the following uncommon gram + and - infections: respiratory and skin infections STD (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: TETRACYCLINE  MODE OF ACTION: Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. BACTERICIDAL EFFECT at high doses BACTERIOSTATIC at low doses Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 11  Drug Class: TETRACYCLINE  SIDE EFFECTS: rash, photosensitivity, color vision changes, teeth discoloration  ADVERSE REACTIONS: superinfections, severe photosensitivity, hypoglycemia, hypertension Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: TETRACYCLINE  CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to tetracycline hepatic dysfunction renal dysfunction Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 12  Drug Class: TETRACYCLINE  DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: Increases the effect of digoxin Decreases absorption with sucralfate, antacids Decreases the effect of oral contraceptives Dairy products decrease the effect of tetracyclines Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  amikacin sulfate (Amiken)  gentamicin sulfate  streptomycin sulfate (Streptomycin) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 13  Drug Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES  Therapeutic Uses: To treat the following serious infections: gram (-) i.e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pelvic inflammatory disease Methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES  MODE OF ACTION: Inhibition of bacteria protein synthesis. BACTERICIDAL EFFECT Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 14  Drug Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES  SIDE EFFECTS: visual disturbances, hearing loss, tinnitus rash, photosensitivity  ADVERSE REACTIONS: superinfections, urticaria, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES  CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides severe renal disease Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 15  Drug Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES  DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: Increase ototoxicity with loop diuretics Increase nephrotoxicity with amp B, vancomycin  LAB: Decrease serum potassium and magnesium Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: FLUOROQUINOLONES  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  ciprofloxacin HCL (Cipro)  levofloxacin (Levaquin)  moxifloxacin (Noroxin) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 16  Drug Class: FLUOROQUINOLONES  Therapeutic Uses: To treat the following moderate/severe infections: respiratory tract, renal, skin, bone, joint, cellulitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, UTI, gonorrhea, staph-/streptococcus Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: FLUOROQUINOLONES  MODE OF ACTION: Interfere with the enzyme DNA gyrase BACTERICIDAL EFFECT Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 17  Drug Class: FLUOROQUINOLONES  SIDE EFFECTS: blurred vision, rash, flushing, tinnitus, photosensitivity  ADVERSE REACTIONS: superinfection, edema, anaphylaxis, hyperkalemia, peripheral neuropathy Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: FLUOROQUINOLONES  CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to Fluoroquinolones severe renal disease Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 18  Drug Class: FLUOROQUINOLONES  DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: Increase effect of oral hypoglycemics Increase effect of caffeine Decrease drug absorption with antacids. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: SULFONAMIDES  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)  sulfadiazine (Microsulfon)  sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 19  Drug Class: SULFONAMIDES  Therapeutic Uses: To treat urinary tract infection, otitis media, bronchitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E. coli Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: SULFONAMIDES  MODE OF ACTION: Inhibits folic acid synthesis and protein synthesis of nucleic acids BACTERICIDAL EFFECT Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 20  Drug Class: SULFONAMIDES  SIDE EFFECTS: rash, vertigo, insomnia, photosensitivity  ADVERSE REACTIONS: increased bone marrow depression, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, and renal failure. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: SULFONAMIDES  CONTRAINDICATIONS: hepatic disease, hypersensitivity Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 21  Drug Class: SULFONAMIDES  DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: increase anticoagulant effect with warfarin increase hypoglycemic effect with oral hypoglycemic Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. FYI Drug Class: NITROIMIDAZOLES  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  metronidazole (Flagyl) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 22  Drug Class: NITROIMIDAZOLES  Therapeutic Uses: To treat various disorders associated with organisms in the GI tract. Used with other agents to treat H. Pylori, which is associated with frequent recurrent peptic ulcers. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: NITROIMIDAZOLES  MODE OF ACTION: impairing DNA function of susceptible bacteria Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 23  Drug Class: NITROIMIDAZOLES  SIDE EFFECTS: dizziness, headache, dry mouth, metallic taste  ADVERSE REACTIONS: dark or reddish-brown urine Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: NITROIMIDAZOLES  CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 24  Drug Class: NITROIMIDAZOLES  DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION Taken with alcohol may produce a disulfiram reaction (facial flushing, severe headache, tachycardia, Palpitations, hypotension, sweating, slurred speech) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: Miscellaneous  OXAZOLIDINONES  USES-bacteremia, MRSA, respiratory and skin infections  MODE-inhibit protein synthesis  SIDE EFFECTS-tongue/tooth discoloration, rash  ADVERSE-anaphylaxis, peripheral neuropathy **BACTERIOSTATIC-LOW DOSES **BACTERIOCIDAL-HIGH DOSES Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 25  Drug Class: Miscellaneous  LINCOSAMIDES  USES-bacteremia, MRSA, respiratory, bone, joint, and skin infections  MODE-inhibit protein synthesis  SIDE EFFECTS-rash, GI irritation  ADVERSE-anaphylaxis, colitis **BACTERIOSTATIC-LOW DOSES **BACTERIOCIDAL-HIGH DOSES Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: Miscellaneous  GLYCOPEPTIDES (VANCOMYCIN)  USES-drug resistant S.aureus (MRSA)  MODE-inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis  SIDE EFFECTS-fever, rash  ADVERSE-ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, red man syndrome (red blotching of the face, neck, and chest) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 26  Drug Class: Miscellaneous  KETOLIDES  USES-mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia  MODE-inhibit protein synthesis  SIDE EFFECTS-blurred vision, altered taste  ADVERSE-hepatotoxicity Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: Miscellaneous  LIPOPEPTIDES (Daptomycin)  USES-complicated skin infections, endocarditis due to MRSA  MODE-bind to bacterial membrane and causing rapid depolarization. Thus, inhibiting protein synthesis. (bacteriocidal)  SIDE EFFECTS-hypotension, tingling, insomnia, burning on urination  ADVERSE-hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 27