Antivirals, Antibacterials, Antifungals, And Peptides (PDF)

ANTITUBERCULARS-ANTIFUNGALS- PEPTIDES-ANTIVIRALS Drug Class: ANTITUBERCULARS  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  Isoniazid (INH)  rifabutin (Mycobutin)  ethambutol HCL (Myambutol) Kevin J Walgamott...

ANTITUBERCULARS-ANTIFUNGALS- PEPTIDES-ANTIVIRALS Drug Class: ANTITUBERCULARS  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  Isoniazid (INH)  rifabutin (Mycobutin)  ethambutol HCL (Myambutol) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 1  Drug Class: ANTITUBERCULARS  Therapeutic Uses: To treat tuberculosis and Prophylactic measure against tuberculosis Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: ANTITUBERCULARS  MODE OF ACTION: Inhibition of bacteria cell wall synthesis BACTERICIDAL EFFECT Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 2  Drug Class: ANTITUBERCULARS  SIDE EFFECTS: blurred vision, tinnitus, photosensitivity dizziness  ADVERSE REACTIONS: Psychotic behavior, peripheral neuropathy, Vit B6 deficiency Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: ANTITUBERCULARS  CONTRAINDICATIONS: Severe renal and/or hepatic disease alcoholism couldbecometoxic Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 3  Drug Class: ANTITUBERCULARS  DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: Increase effect with alcohol Decrease GI absorption with aluminum antacids Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: ANTIFUNGAL  TYPES  POLYENES  AZOLES Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 4  Drug Class: Polyenes  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  amphotericin B (Fungizone)  nystatin (Mycostatin) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: Polyenes  Therapeutic Uses: To treat local and systemic fungal infections such as candidiasis Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 5  Drug Class: Polyenes  MODE OF ACTION: binding to the fungal cell membrane forming open channels that increase cell permeability and leakage FUNGICIDAL EFFECT Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: Polyenes  SIDE EFFECTS: flush, fever, chills, hypotension  ADVERSE REACTIONS: nephrotoxicity, electrolyte imbalance Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 6  Drug Class: Polyenes  CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to polyene renal dysfunction Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: Azole  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  fluconazole (Diflucan)  itraconazole (Sporanox)  miconazole nitrate (Monistat) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 7  Drug Class: Azole  Therapeutic Uses: To treat the following serious fungal infections: Candida infections fungal meningitis Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: Azole  MODE OF ACTION: interferes with the formation of ergosterol (main substance of fungal cell membrane). Thus, cell permeability and leakage are increased. FUNGICIDAL EFFECT Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 8  Drug Class: Azole  SIDE EFFECTS: anorexia, rash, headache  ADVERSE REACTIONS: none Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: Azole  CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 9  Drug Class: Azole  DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION increases hypoglycemia taken with oral antidiabetics decreases azole levels taken with H2 antagonist, proton pump inhibitors, or antacids Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: PEPTIDES  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  bacitracin (BaciiM, Baci-RX)  colistimethate sodium (Coly-Mycin M) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 10  Drug Class: PEPTIDES  Therapeutic Uses: To treat most gram-positive and some gram- negative bacteria eye infections, UTI, meningitis, skin infections Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: PEPTIDES  MODE OF ACTION: inhibition cell wall membrane synthesis BACTERICIDAL EFFECT (High doses) BACTERIOSTATIC EFFECT (Low doses) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 11  Drug Class: PEPTIDES  SIDE EFFECTS: redness, rash  ADVERSE REACTIONS: renal damage, ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, respiratory failure Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: PEPTIDES  CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity **prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 12  Drug Class: ANTIVIRALS  TYPES  INFLUENZA->NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS  HERPES->PURINE NUCLEOSIDES Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: NEURAMINDASE INHIBITORS  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu)  zanamivir (Relenza) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 13  Drug Class: NEURAMINDASE INHIBITORS  Therapeutic Uses: To minimize the effects of the FLU virus *****Treatment should begin within 48 hours of flu symptoms Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: NEURAMINDASE INHIBITORS  MODE OF ACTION: decrease the release of virus from infected cells decreasing viral spread and shortening the duration of flu symptoms Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 14  Drug Class: NEURAMINDASE INHIBITORS  SIDE EFFECTS: dizziness, headache, vertigo  ADVERSE REACTIONS: abnormal behavior (possible self injury) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: PURINE NUCLEOSIDES  Some EXAMPLES of generic (Brand)  Acyclovir (Zovirax)  famciclovir (Famvir)  Valacyclovir HCL (Valtrex) Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 15  PURINE NUCLEOSIDES  Therapeutic Uses: To treat HSV-1 and HSV-2 Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: PURINE NUCLEOSIDES  MODE OF ACTION: INA interference with viral synthesis of DNS Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 16  Drug Class: PURINE NUCLEOSIDES  SIDE EFFECTS anorexia, headaches, tremors, agitation, rash  ADVERSE REACTIONS: Neuropathy, anemia, urticaria Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. Drug Class: PURINE NUCLEOSIDES  CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity severe renal or hepatic disease dehydration Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 17  Drug Class: PURINE NUCLEOSIDES  DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS: increase nephro-neurotoxicity with aminoglycides Kevin J Walgamotte, PharmD, BCNP, PRS. 18