Annes Midterms CLBACT Lec MT25 Y3T1 10-20 PDF

○ MICROBIAL SURFACE COMPONENTS RECOGNIZING ADHESIVE MATRIX MOLECULES (MSCRAMMs) ● collective parts of staphylococcus ● PROTEIN A ● Bound to cytoplasmic membrane; high affinity for the FC receptor on lgG molecules, and complement ○ Itsura ng antibody “Y” ○ Protein A attaches to Fc receptor ○ FC...

○ MICROBIAL SURFACE COMPONENTS RECOGNIZING ADHESIVE MATRIX MOLECULES (MSCRAMMs) ● collective parts of staphylococcus ● PROTEIN A ● Bound to cytoplasmic membrane; high affinity for the FC receptor on lgG molecules, and complement ○ Itsura ng antibody “Y” ○ Protein A attaches to Fc receptor ○ FC portion is at the bottom ○ attach to the white blood cells ○ Fab - nagrrecognize ng antigen of the organisms ○ Usually used in the laboratory in a form of produce coag coagglutination; hindi makakadaan due to WBC by coag ] can be seen in coagulation negative: Staph epidermidis and staph haemolyticus ; they can produce virulence Gamma - produced by all strains; in association with Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) (toxic to neutrophils; CA-MRSA) PANTON VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN (PVL) ● Inhibits phagocytosis, toxic to neutrophils, binubutas WBC, granules sa loob ay lalabas. Ex: IL-8, leukotriene, histamine ○ PVL - toxic to WBC and works with gamma toxine to lyse ● Commonly found in CA-MRSA ○ CA - correlated with community acquired ○ LA - correlated with lifestyle acquired Note: Alpha and Beta works in combination CLUMPING FACTOR (A&B) ● Located at cell wall surface ; binds nonenzymatically the fibrinogen and platelets - lead to aggregation of the bacteria (highly immunogenic) ○ Would produce clots ○ Highly immunogenic - regarding the response of immune system; once it triggers, may cause autoimmune diseases ○ Sinisira ng immunity natin from our own body yung sarili nating katawan (autoimmune disease) ○ Type of coagulase (bound coagulase) ○ Coat something prevents something TWO TYPES OF COAGULASE METHICILLIN - RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) Beta and alpha work in conjunction SUPERANTIGENS BOUND COAGULASE (STAPHYCOAGULASE / CUMPLING FACTOR ● ● ● Detected using slide coagulase ○ Fibrin may coat neutrophils and prevent phagocytosis ■ Neutrophils react immediately to acute infections wrote : Staphylococcus logdonesis & Staphylococcus Sheferri could produce clumping factor or coagulase EXTRACELLULAR / FREE COAGULASE ● ● ● ● ● Detected by tube coagulase-Coagulase Reaction Factor(CRF) complex (resembles thrombin) ○ Activates the differentiation of from thrombin ○ Nasa fibrin clot yung organism Differentiated by coagulase test / coagulation formation ○ Some produce coagulase / clumping factor ○ Ex: staph lugdunensis and Staph schleiferi EXOTOXIN / HEMOLYSIN Alpha toxin - disrupts smooth muscle in blood vessels & toxic to RBCs, WBCs, hepatocytes, platelets, macrophages Beta toxins (heat-labile sphingomyelinase) - hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids (cell lysis) Delta - nonspecific membrane toxicity to other mammalian cells (cytolytic to erythrocytes) allow proliferation of WBCs, TCRs and APCs, cause cytokine storm Highly inflammatory (immune system causes destruction) ENTEROTOXINS ● ● " enter Food " GAStro (mga tiyan); food poisoning 75% related to staphylococcus aureus ○ caused by 15 enterotoxins (A-E, G-P) ○ All of them are Heat-stable (Hindi nasisira ng init) ■ Most staphylococcal-related food poisonings - A, B, D, H ■ Associated with enterocolitis - B and C - could produce the what?? (stomach creates another layer) ■ HEAT STABLE ■ Resistant to stomach and intestinal enzymes ■ Emetic effect - vomiting effect ■ Often found in milk products ■ Pseudomembranous enterocolitis - the stomach creates pseudomembrane ■ Genes - Pathogenicity Island ➢ genes that produce enterotoxins ■ Note: ❖ Gastro - sa tiyan ❖ 25 mg of enterotoxin B causes vomiting and diarrhea BALEROS. BELOCURA. CHEUNG. S, DEL ROSARIO. FORTUNO. FREKING. GAGUI. J, GARCIA. GUINTAPAN. LEAÑO. LOVERIA. MABUNGA. PACLEB | MT’25 | A.Y. 2023 - 2024 14/ 33