Plant Anatomy PDF Atlas

# Drawings of Plant Anatomy ## By Dr. Bahia Abdel-Sallam Abdel-Ghaffar ## Professor of Plant Physiology ## The Structure of The Plant Cell ### I- Living cell contents: 1. Nucleus and cytoplasm. Strip off the inner epidermis of an Onion bulb scale. 2. Chloroplasts: Examine a single leaf of Elodea....

# Drawings of Plant Anatomy ## By Dr. Bahia Abdel-Sallam Abdel-Ghaffar ## Professor of Plant Physiology ## The Structure of The Plant Cell ### I- Living cell contents: 1. Nucleus and cytoplasm. Strip off the inner epidermis of an Onion bulb scale. 2. Chloroplasts: Examine a single leaf of Elodea. 3. Chromoplast: Press a piece of tomato fruits. ### II- Non-Living Cell Contents: 1. Starch Grains ### 2- Protein granules: a. Aleurone layer: T.S. of Wheat grain. b. Aleurone granules: Remove the testa of Ricinus seed, press a piece of the endosperm and mount in oil. ### III- Calcium Oxalate: ### VI- Calcium carbonate: T.S. in leaf of *Ficus elastica*. ## Apical Meristems 1. Root apex: L.S. in the root tip of *Vicia faba*. 2. Shoot apex: L.S. in the shoot apex of seedling. ### Steps of mitotic division (Cell wall formation) ## Ground Tissues ### 1- Parenchyma: Shape of Parenchyma cells: 1. Spherical. (Tomato fruit). 2. Angular. (Rosa stem). 3. Elongated. (Dicot leaf of Cotton). 4. Lobed. (Dicot leaf of Cotton). 5. Folded. (Pinus leaf). 6. Stelate. (Cannc leaf. petiole.) ### 2 - Collenchyma cells Types of collenchyma cells: 1. Angular: T.S. of *Ricinus* leaf petiole. 2. Cartilagenous T.S of *Morus* leaf petiole. 3. Lamellar: T.S. of *Helianthus* stem. 4. Lacunar: T.S. of *Ricinus* leaf petiole. ### 3- Sclerenchyma cells: a. Sclereids: Types of sclereids: 1. Macrosclereids 2. Brachy sclereids. 3. Osteosclereids 4. Astrosclereids b. Fibers: i. Xylary fibers. T.S. of *Luffa* stem. ii. Extra-xylary fibers. T.S. of *Luffa* stem fibers. ## Vascular system ### 1- Xylem Xylem Elements: 1. Vessels 2. Tracheids. 3. Fibers 4. Parenchyma ### 2- Phloem Phloem elements: 1. Seive tube. 2. Companion cells. 3. Fibers 4. Parenchyma. ## Types of Vascular Bundles According to the arrangement of xylem and phloem relative to each other different types of vascular bundles are exist: ### I- Collateral V.B. Xylem and phloem lies at the same radius. There are two types of collateral V.B.: **A) Open collateral**: This means cambium is present between xylem and phloem. This type is common in Dicotyledonous stems. E.g.T.S. of *Helianthus* stem. **B) Closed collateral V.B.** : i.e. there is no cambium between xylem and phloem. This type is common in Monocotyledonous stems. E.g. T.S.of *Zea mays* stem. ### II- Bicollateral In these bundles phloem is found on both sides of the xylem (outer phloem and inner phloem) cambium is present between outer phloem and xylem. This type is common in cicot. stems of family Cucurbitaceae. E.g.T.S.of *Cucurbita* stem. ### III- Radial In these bundles xylem and phloem alternate with each other i.e. xylem and phloem aren't at the same radius. This type is common in roots of both monocot. and dicot. eg. T. S. of *Vicia faba.* root ### VI- Concentric V.B. In these types one tissue xylem or phloem enclosed the other. **A)- Amphivasal**: in this type xylem surrounds the phloem. **B)- Amphicribral**: in this type phloem surrounds the xylem. ## Structure of primary plant body ### I- Young Dicotyledonous Stems E.g. 1- T.S. of *Helianthus* stem ### II- Young Monocotyledonous Stems E.g. T. S. of *Zea mays* stem: ### III- Young Dicotyledonous Roots T.S. of *Vicia faba* root. ### VI- Young Monocotyledonous roots: E.S. T.S. of *Ruscus* root. ## Leaves ### (1) Dicotyledonous leaf. T.S. of Cotton leaf. ### (2) T.S.Monocot. leaf: T. S. in *Cyperus* leaf #### Stomata in a surface view ### A detailed diagram of T.S. in a monocot leaf (*Zea mays* leaf)