Untitled Quiz

Study Notes

The book is titled "Drawings of Plant Anatomy" and was created by Dr. Bahia Abdel-Sallam Abdel-Ghaffar, a professor of Plant Physiology at Tanta University, Faculty of Science.

Living cell contents: Nucleus and cytoplasm (Onion bulb scale)
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Peripheral cytoplasm
- Cytoplasmic strands
- Vacuoles
- Nucleus
Chloroplasts: Examined in a single Elodea leaf (green chloroplasts)
Chromoplasts: Examined in a piece of tomato fruit (different crystalline shapes)

Wheat grain: Aleurone layer, pericarp + testa, starchy layers (a cross-section)
Ricinus seed: Removing testa, pressing endosperm, mounting in oil for examining aleurone granules (globoid, cristalloid, amorphous protein)

Raphides: long, needle-shaped crystals (cross-section of asparagus tuber petiole)
Druses: cluster of small crystals (cross-section of cotton leaf)
Rhombic shaped: (cross-section of Begnonia leaf)

Root apex: Longitudinal section (L.S.) of Vicia faba root tip (plerome or procambium, periblem, dermatogen, calyptra or root cap)
Shoot apex: Longitudinal section (L.S.) of seedling shoot apex (promeristem, bud primordium, leaf primordium, protoderm, ground meristem, procambium). Figures show steps in mitotic divisions.

Shape of parenchyma cells:
- Spherical: (e.g., tomato fruit)
- Angular: (e.g., Rosa stem)
- Elongated: (e.g., dicot leaf of cotton)
- Lobed: (e.g., dicot leaf of cotton)
- Folded: (e.g., Pinus leaf)
- Stelar: (e.g., Canna leaf petiole)

Types of collenchyma cells:
- Angular: (e.g., Ricinus leaf petiole)
- Cartilagenous: (e.g., Morus leaf petiole)
- Lamellar: (e.g., Helianthus stem)
- Lacunar: (e.g., Ricinus leaf petiole)

Sclereids:
- Macrosclereids
- Brachy sclereids
- Osteosclereids
- Astrosclereids

Xylary fibers (e.g., Luffa stem)
Extra-xylary fibers (e.g., Luffa stem fibers, showing different cross-sections). Diagrams illustrates Xylem elements (vessels, tracheids, fibers, parenchyma)

Phloem elements: sieve tube, companion cells, fibers, parenchyma (L.S. of Luffa stem and T.S. of Zea mays stem)

Collateral: xylem and phloem at the same radius (Open: with cambium, e.g., Helianthus stem; Closed: without cambium, e.g., Zea mays stem).
Bicollateral: phloem on both sides of xylem
Radial: xylem and phloem alternate in the stem, with xylem and phloem, alternated in the radius of the stem, e.g.. Vicia faba root
Concentric: one tissue surrounds another (amphivasal: xylem surrounds phloem, or amphicribral: phloem surrounds xylem, in Polypodium and Dracena stems)

Diagrams show a cross-section (T.S.) of Helianthus stem, highlighting epidermis, cortex (collenchyma, parenchyma, starch sheath), pericycle, vascular bundles (primary xylem, primary phloem, cambium), and pith.

Diagrams show a cross-section of Zea mays stem and its components, including epidermis, sclerenchyma cells, ground tissues (parenchyma), closed vascular bundles, and bundle sheath.

Diagrams show a cross-section of Vicia faba root, featuring the piliferous layer, cortex (parenchyma cells), endodermis, pericycle, xylem, phloem, and root hairs.

Diagrams show cross-sections of Ruscus roots, including the piliferous layer, exodermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, xylem,phloem and pith.

Dicot leaf: cross-section of a cotton leaf (upper and lower epidermis, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, stoma, xylem, phloem, collenchyma, and druses).
Monocot leaf: cross-sections of Cyperus leaf (upper and lower epidermis, mesophyll tissues, vascular bundles, stomata, guard cells) and a detailed diagram of a Zea mays leaf (upper and lower epidermis, chlorenchyma, vascular bundles, stomata, guard cells, sclerenchyma fibers, parenchyma, bundle sheath). Figures also illustrate stomata in surface view.