Chapter 7 - Plant Anatomy and Morphology PDF

9/24/2014 Chapter 7—Plant Anatomy and Morphology Key Concepts Monocots and dicots are two important groups of crops Plant tissues are vascular, meristem, epidermis, and ground tissue Plants have four organs: roots, stems, leaves, and flowers Other important plant parts include fruits and seeds Monoc...

9/24/2014 Chapter 7—Plant Anatomy and Morphology Key Concepts Monocots and dicots are two important groups of crops Plant tissues are vascular, meristem, epidermis, and ground tissue Plants have four organs: roots, stems, leaves, and flowers Other important plant parts include fruits and seeds Monocots and Dicots / 2 simple leaves simple , leaf Monocots Dicots 1 cotyledon , Usually herbaceousH Sof grass A Parallel veins in leavesOf - - Scattered vascular bundles Fibrous root system root brous system Hypogeal germination seed W below surface when sprouting / "Sticks" 2 cotyledons or Herbaceous or woody Herbaceous = Netted veins in leaves Vascular bundles in ring Taproot system Epigeal germination (usually) Woody V seed above surface When Sprouting 1 9/24/2014 Plant Tissues Epidermis—outer, protective Epidermis cell layer on stems/leaves Waxy cuticle helps protect Planti absorbs water Stomata Stomata - * bloodflow system in animai Vascular—conducting tissue Xylem – water & nutrients chloem Phloem – sucrose (food) * http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/leaftissue/images/leafstructurelargefigure1.jpg Plant Tissues (cont.) structure Ground tissue—composes bulk of the plant Pith and cortex ems Meristems—areas of actively dividing cells Apical—responsible for growth at tip of a shoot or root (top of plant tip of root) Intercalary—in grasses, responsible for growth of stem internodes and leaves Axillary Axillary—responsible for development of buds for branches or flowers , [internodese tomato plant/dicot , not a grase) O O 2 9/24/2014 Roots Plant Organs—Roots Anchor the shoot into the soil Support the upright growth of stems Absorb minerals and water from the soil Provide storage of energy reserves Root systems can be taproot or fibrous dicots ↑notjuste - - monocots monocot dicot dicot roots have one main root W/ other roots that splinter off Plant Organs—Stems Primary supporting structure Conduit for movement of water, nutrients, and photosynthesis products Can also conduct photosynthesis and store energy 3 9/24/2014 Stolon = Rhizome Rhizomes Stolons Tubers Bulbs Corms ↓ Look · Plant Organs—Modified Modified stems Rhizomes grow plants Stolons do Tubers. Corm underneath: the get planted · Bu the plant · Tuber parts of other like but above same at Pop up new small a ground size not seed/ go f to walmart, Dag of small tubers : Plant , ↑ swellingofa buld · Plant Organs—Leaves We decide how mature by Primary site for photosynthesis photosynthesis and transpiration Monocots Sheath, blade, and collar Dicots Dicots petiole Blade and a petiole Simple or compound how many a true leaves it plant is has /monocots) - · Complete · Plant Organs—Flowers Modified leaves Generally have four parts female male stamen, pistil, petal, and sepal Categorized as: ·Complete or incomplete ⑳ two one Perfect or imperfect (monoecious/dioecious) I has all the listed , incomplete · is If either male parts , it is if or one 4 is parts missing female repro. imperfect I - - - · "One house" : Female structure male one Perfect 4 9/24/2014 Plant Organs—Flowers (cont.) Inflorescences – arrangements arrangement of flowers Spike – main stalk · monocots/grasses (ex. Wheat,rye Panicle – branched pattern sorghum (monocots) /x oats, rice. , Raceme – branched pattern (dicots) (ex alfalfal. Plant Organs—Flowers (cont.) "Umbrella" Umbel – pedicels from single location /ex dilli carrot Head – disk (develop seed) and ray (attract insects) flowers : in middle). e SetSunflower disk , ray(seeds Fruit and Seeds Fruit—ripened or mature ovary containing the seed or seeds – Classified as fleshy or dry Seeds—mature, fertilized ovules or eggs within the ovary 5 9/24/2014 Seed Germination First step… Dormancy must be broken Two types of seedling emergence – Epigeal—cotyledons above surface – Hypogeal—cotyledons remain below surface ise & & www.cropsci.illinois.edu/.../seedsgerm.cfm Monocots and Dicots Review Monocots Dicots 1 cotyledon 2 cotyledons Usually herbaceous Stems- Herbaceous or woody Parallel veins in leaves Netted veins in leaves Scattered vascular bundles - Vascular bundles in ring Xylem/plolem Fibrous root system Taproot system Hypogeal germination Epigeal germination (usually) - - 6